1. Tarek Zmantar et ál Molecular investigation of macrolide and Tetracycline resistances in oral bacteria isolated from Tunisian children Steffany Franco Sañudo Camilo Díaz Quintero Medical School Molecular Biology III Semester UPB 2011

4. Antimicrobial activity Against gram-positive and negative organisms Inhibitory Bactericidal Reducing the protein synthesis In high concentrations Acting like Can Produce Resistence Reducing permeability of the cell membrane Production of esterases Modification of the ribosomal binding site by Katzung Bertram, Farmacología básica y clínica. 11ª ed. Mc graw Hill

6. Antimicrobial activity Against gram-positive and negative organisms Passive difussion Active process Reducing the protein synthesis Acting like Can Produce Resistence Decreased intracellular accumulation Ribosome protection Enzymatic inactivation of tetracyclines by Inhibitory by

7. DRUG RESISTENCE A decrease in sensivity to suficient degree to by reasoneably certain that a strain concerned is different from a sample of wild stains of human type that have never come in contact with the drugs. Katzung Bertram, Farmacología básica y clínica. 11ª ed. Mc graw Hill

8. SUSCEPTIBILITY An organism is called “susceptible” to a drug when the infection caused by it is likely to respond to treatment with this drug, at the recommended dosage. Katzung Bertram, Farmacología básica y clínica. 11ª ed. Mc graw Hill

9. GENERAL OBJETIVE Determine the prevalence of antibiotic susceptibility and the distribution of erythromycin resistance gene (ermB), the macrolide efflux (mefI) and tetracycline resistance genes (tetM, tetO) in oral bacteria including streptococci and enterococci isolated from Tunisian children.

11. PACIENTES

13. PRUEBAS DE SUSCEPTIBILIDAD Pruebas de ATB Strep Strip Es una prueba de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos para el estreptococo que contiene un rango de 18 tipos diferentes fármacos.

14. DETECTION DE GENOTIPOS DE RESISTENCIA POR PCR

17. SUSCEPTIBILIDAD ANTIBIÓTICA De las 109 cepas aisladas se identificó resistencia a la estreptomicina en un 22% correspondiente a 24 cepas.

18. SUSCEPTIBILIDAD ANTIBIÓTICA La susceptibilidad intermedia fue del 96.3% para la Kanamicina y la Gentamicina.

19. SUSCEPTIBILIDAD ANTIBIÓTICA Todas las cepas fueron susceptibles para la Ampicilina Enterococcus, Telitromicina y Teicoplanina.

20. DETECCIÓN DE LOS GENES DE RESISTENCIA POR PCR Electroforesis en gel de agarosa de PCR multiple amplificando los genes ermB (639 pb) y mefI (263 pb).

21. DETECCIÓN DE LOS GENES DE RESISTENCIA POR PCR Electroforesis en gel de agarosa de PCR convencional amplificando el gen tetM (1862 pb).

22. DETECCIÓN DE LOS GENES DE RESISTENCIA POR PCR Electroforesis en gel de agarosa de PCR convencional amplificando gen tetO (538 pb).

24. Author Plot Agree or Disagree Warren JJ et ál. Dental caries is closely associated with mutans streptococci colonizing the oral cavity. Villedieu A et ál. Tetracycline-resistant streptococci are frequently isolated from the oral cavity of humans

25. Author Plot Agree or Disagree Martel A et ál. Acquired resistance against these antibiotics has frequently been described in enterococci. Lockhart PB et ál. The failure of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice is the major cause of bacteremia after dental procedures. The ability of antibiotic therapy to reduce the frequency of bacteremia associated with dental procedure is controversial

30. Camilo Andrés Díaz Quintero

31. Steffany Franco Sañudo