This document provides an overview of operators, selection statements, and looping statements in Java. It begins with a breakdown of the different types of operators in Java including assignment, relational, arithmetic, conditional, bitwise, and logical operators. It then covers selection statements such as if-else statements and switch statements. Finally, it discusses looping statements including for, while, do-while loops as well as the continue and break statements. It also includes brief sections on arrays and arrays of arrays in Java.

1. Java Language and OOP
Part II
By Hari Christian

2. Agenda
• 01 Operator in Java
• 02 Operator - Assignment
• 03 Operator - Relational
• 04 Operator - Arithmetic
• 05 Operator - Conditional
• 06 Operator - Bitwise
• 07 Operator - Logical
• 08 Operator - Precedence
• 09 Operator - Associativity

3. Agenda
• 10 Selection Statement - If
• 11 Selection Statement - Switch
• 12 Selection Statement - Conditional
• 13 Looping Statement - For
• 14 Looping Statement - While
• 15 Looping Statement - Do While
• 16 Continue Statement
• 17 Break Statement
• 18 Basic of Arrays
• 19 Arrays of Arrays

4. Operator
• An operator is a punctuation mark that says to
do something to two (or three) operands
• An example is the expression "a * b". The "*" is
the multiplication operator, and "a" and "b" are
the operands

5. Operator
• Example:
int a = 3 * 2;
int b = 3 + t.calculate();
arr[2] = 5;
arr[2+5] = 2 + 5;

6. Operator - Assignment
• Using notation equal (=)
• This Operator using two operand, left operand
and right operand
• Expression on the right operand is evaluated
and the result stored in left operand

7. Operator - Assignment
int num1 = 5; // Assign value 5 to num1
int num2 = num2 + 5; // Add value 5 to num2
int num3 += 5; // Add value 5 to num3
int num4 = num4 - 5; // Substract 5 to num4
int num5 -= 5; // Substract 5 to num5
int num6 = num6 * 5; // Multiply 5 to num6
int num7 *= 5; // Multiply 5 to num7
int num8 = num8 / 5; // Divide 5 to num8
int num9 /= 5; // Divide 5 to num9

8. Operator - Relational
• Relational Operator always give a boolean result
(true or false)
• 6 Relational Operator:
Operator Description
< Less than
> More than
<= Less than or Equal
>= More than or Equal
== Comparison
!= Not equal

9. Operator - Relational
int num1 = 5;
if (num1 < 5) {
System.out.println(“Less than 5”);
}
if (num1 > 5) {
System.out.println(“More than 5”);
}

10. Operator - Relational
int num1 = 5;
if (num1 <= 5) {
System.out.println(“Less than or equal 5”);
}
if (num1 >= 5) {
System.out.println(“More than or equal 5”);
}

11. Operator - Relational
int num1 = 5;
if (num1 == 5) {
System.out.println(“Equal 5”);
}
if (num1 != 5) {
System.out.println(“Not equal 5”);
}

12. Operator – Instance Of
class Vehicle {}
class Car extends Vehicle {}
class Mercedes extends Car {}
Vehicle v = new Vehicle();
Mercedes m = new Mercedes();
if (m instanceof Vehicle) {
System.out.println(“m is Vehicle");
}
if (v instanceof Mercedes) {
System.out.println(“v is Mercedes");
}

13. Operator - Arithmetic
• Arithmetic Operator just like a Math!!!
• 7 Arithmetic Operator:
Operator Description
+ Addition
- Substraction
* Multiplication
/ Divide
% Modulus
++ Increment by 1
-- Decrement by 1

14. Operator - Arithmetic
int addition = 5 + 5;
int substraction = 5 - 5;
int multiplication = 5 * 5;
int divide = 5 / 5;
int modulus = 5 % 5; // 100 % 17 = ?
int num = 5;
int preIncrement = ++num;
int postIncrement = num++;
int preDecrement = --num;
int postDecrement = num++;

15. Operator - Conditional
• Also called Ternary Operator
• This operator using notation ? and :
• Example:
int num1 = (5 == 5) ? 0 : 1;
int num2 = (5 != 5) ? 0 : 1;
int num3 = (5 < 5) ? 0 : 1;
int num4 = (5 > 5) ? 0 : 1;

16. Operator - Bitwise
int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */
int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
c = a >> 2; /* 215 = 1111 */
c = a >>> 2; /* 215 = 0000 1111 */

17. Operator - Logical
• To combine other operator
• 2 Relational Operator:
Operator Description
&& And
|| Or

18. Operator – Logical And
• AND Combination table
Operator 1 Operator 2 Result
False False False
False True False
True False False
True True True

19. Operator – Logical And
• Example:
int num = 5;
if (num == 6 && num > 10) { // false and false
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}
if (num == 6 && num > 2) { // false and true
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}

20. Operator – Logical And
• Example:
int num = 5;
if (num == 5 && num > 10) { // true and false
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}
if (num == 5 && num > 2) { // true and true
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}

21. Operator – Logical Or
• OR Combination table
Operator 1 Operator 2 Result
False False False
False True True
True False True
True True True

22. Operator – Logical Or
• Example:
int num = 5;
if (num == 6 || num > 10) { // false and false
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}
if (num == 6 || num > 2) { // false and true
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}

23. Operator – Logical Or
• Example:
int num = 5;
if (num == 5 || num > 10) { // true and false
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}
if (num == 5 || num > 2) { // true and true
System.out.println(“Hari Christian”);
}

24. Operator - Precedence
– calories
Symbol Note Precedence
++ -- pre-increment or decrement 16
++ -- post-increment or decrement 15
~ flip the bits of an integer 15
! logical not 14
- + arithmetic negation or plus 14
(typename) type conversion or cast 13
* / % multiplicative operators 12
- + additive operators 11
<< >> >>> left and right bitwise shift 10

25. Operator - Precedence
– calories
Symbol Note Precedence
instanceof
< <= > >=
relational operators 9
== != equality operators 8
& bitwise and 7
^ bitwise exclusive or 6
| bitwise inclusive or 5
&& conditional and 4
|| conditional or 3
? : conditional operator 2
= *= /= %= += -=
<<= >>= >>>= &=
^= |=
assignment operators 1

26. Operator - Associativity
– calories
Symbol Note Precedence Associativity
++ -- pre-increment or decrement 16 right
++ -- post-increment or decrement 15 left
~ flip the bits of an integer 15 right
! logical not 14 right
- + arithmetic negation or plus 14 right
(typename) type conversion or cast 13 right
* / % multiplicative operators 12 left
- + additive operators 11 left
<< >> >>> left and right bitwise shift 10 left

27. Operator - Associativity
– calories
Symbol Note Precedence Associativity
instanceof
< <= > >=
relational operators 9 left
== != equality operators 8 left
& bitwise and 7 left
^ bitwise exclusive or 6 left
| bitwise inclusive or 5 left
&& conditional and 4 left
|| conditional or 3 left
? : conditional operator 2 right
= *= /= %= += -
= <<= >>=
>>>= &= ^= |=
assignment operators 1 right

28. Selection Statement - IF
• Format:
if ( Expression ) Statement [ else Statement ]
• Explanation:
 Expression must have boolean type
 Using { } to make more than 1 statement

29. Selection Statement - IF
• Example:
boolean valid = false;
if (valid = true) {
System.out.println(“VALID”);
} else {
System.out.println(“TIDAK VALID”);
}

30. Selection Statement - IF
• Example:
boolean valid = false;
if (valid) {
System.out.println(“VALID”);
} else {
System.out.println(“TIDAK VALID”);
}

31. Selection Statement - IF
• Example:
boolean valid = false;
if (valid == true) {
System.out.println(“VALID”);
} else {
System.out.println(“TIDAK VALID”);
}

32. Selection Statement - IF
• Example:
int number = 5;
if (number == 5) {
System.out.println(“PT”);
}
if (number > 2) {
System.out.println(“GUNATRONIKATAMA”);
}
if (number > 5) {
System.out.println(“CIPTA”);
} else {
System.out.println(“LESTARI”);
}

33. Selection Statement - IF
• Example:
int number = 5;
if (number == 5) {
System.out.println(“PT”);
} else if (number > 2) {
System.out.println(“GUNATRONIKATAMA”);
} else if (number > 4) {
System.out.println(“CIPTA”);
} else {
System.out.println(“LESTARI”);
}

34. Selection Statement - IF
• Example:
int number = 5;
String result = number == 1 ? “a” : “b”;
OR
String result = number == 1 ? “satu” : number == 2? “dua” :
“bukan dua”;
System.out.println(“number = “ + number);

35. Selection Statement - Switch
• Format:
switch ( Expression ) {
case constant_1 : Statement; break;
case constant_2 : Statement; break;
case constant_3 : Statement; break;
case constant_n : Statement; break;
default : Statement; break;
}

36. Selection Statement - Switch
• Explanation:
 Cannot have same expression
 Default is optional, but bear in mind there can be only
one default
 Default doesn’t have to be last

37. Selection Statement - Switch
• Example:
int number = 2;
String a = “”;
switch (x) {
case 1: a = “PT”;
case 2: a = “GUNATRONIKATAMA”;
case 3: a = “CIPTA”;
case 4: a = “JAYA”;
case 5: a = “LESTARI”;
default: a = “MAKMUR”;
}

38. Selection Statement - Switch
• Example:
int number = 2;
String a = “”;
switch (x) {
case 1: a = “PT”; break;
case 2: a = “GUNATRONIKATAMA”; break;
case 3: a = “CIPTA”; break;
case 4: a = “JAYA”; break;
case 5: a = “LESTARI”; break;
default: a = “MAKMUR”; break;
}

39. Looping Statement - For
• Format:
for ( Initial; Test; Increment ) Statement
• New Format (since Java 5):
for ( Object object : Array) Statement

40. Looping Statement - For
• Example:
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// loop body
}
OR
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
// loop body
}

41. Looping Statement - For
• Example:
for (int i = 0; i < employees.size(); i++) {
Employee e = employees.get(i);
e.getName();
}
OR
for (Employee e : employees) { // new
e.getName();
}

42. Looping Statement - For
• Infinite loop
for ( ;; ) {
}

43. Looping Statement - While
• Format:
while ( Expression ) Statement
• Explanation:
 While boolean Expression remain true, the
Statement is executed
 If Expression is false on first evaluation, the
Statement will not execute

44. Looping Statement - While
• Example:
int i = 0;
while (i < 10) {
// loop body
i++;
}

45. Looping Statement – Do While
• Format:
do Statement while ( Expression )
• Explanation:
 While boolean Expression remain true, the
Statement is executed
 If Expression is false on first evaluation, the
Statement will execute once

46. Looping Statement – Do While
• Example:
int i = 0;
do {
// loop body
i++;
} while (i < 10) ;

47. Looping Statement – Continue
• Format:
continue;
continue Identifier;
• Explanation:
 Continue occur only in loops
 When a continue statement executed, it will pass to
the next iteration of the loop

48. Looping Statement - Continue
• Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) {
continue;
}
}

49. Looping Statement - Continue
• Example:
gasi: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
if (j == 5) continue gasi;
}
}

50. Looping Statement – Break
• Format:
break;
break Identifier;
• Explanation:
 When a break statement executed, it will break or
exit the loop

51. Looping Statement - Break
• Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) {
break;
}
}

52. Looping Statement - Break
• Example:
gasi: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
if (j == 5) break gasi;
}
}

53. Looping Statement - Break
• Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(“i = “ + i);
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
System.out.println(“j = “ + j);
if (j == 2) break;
}
if (i == 3) break;
}

54. Basic of Arrays
• Arrays are objects it means array types are reference
types, and your array variable is really a reference to an
array
• Here are some ways in which arrays are like objects:
– They are objects because the language specification says so
("An object is a class instance or an array", section 4.3.1)
– Array types are reference types, just like object types
– Arrays are allocated with the "new" operator, similar to
constructors
– Arrays are always allocated in the heap part of memory, never in
the stack part of memory. Objects follow the same rule

55. Basic of Arrays
• We can define an Arrays of:
– Primitive Data Type
– Object
• Index of Array ALWAYS start with zero
• To get size of Arrays we use array.length

56. Basic of Arrays
• Declare an Arrays:
// Recommended
int[] data;
int[] data1, data2, data3;
// Not recommended
int data[];
int data1[], data2[], data3[];

57. Basic of Arrays
• Initialize an Arrays:
int[] data;
data = new int[10]; // Valid
data = new int[]; // Invalid
int[] data = new int[10]; // Valid
int[10] data = new int[10]; // Invalid
int data[10] = new int[10]; // Invalid
int data[10]; // Invalid

58. Basic of Arrays
• Fill an Arrays:
int[] data = new int[5]; // Valid
data[0] = 5; // OK
data[1] = 6;
data[2] = 7;
data[3] = 8;
data[4] = 9; // OK … so far
data[5] = 10; // We have a problem here

59. Basic of Arrays
• Fill an Arrays:
int[] data = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Valid
int[] data = new int[] {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Valid
int[] data = new int[5] {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Invalid
int[] data = new int[5];
data = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Invalid

60. Arrays of Arrays
• In other language called Multi Dimension Arrays
– The Visual Basic language only has multidimensional
arrays, and only calls them multidimensional arrays
– The ANSI C standard says C has what other
languages call arrays of arrays, but it also calls these
multidimensional
– The Ada standard explicitly says arrays of arrays and
multidimensional arrays are different. The language
has both
– The Pascal standard says arrays of arrays and
multidimensional arrays are the same thing

61. Arrays of Arrays
• Declare an Arrays:
// Recommended
int[][] data;
int[][] data1, data2, data3;
// Not recommended
int data[][];
int data1[][], data2[][], data3[][];

62. Arrays of Arrays
• Initialize an Arrays:
int[][] data;
data = new int[10][10]; // Valid
data = new int[10][]; // Invalid
int[][] data = new int[10][10]; // Valid
int[10][10] data = new int[10][10]; // Invalid
int data[10][10] = new int[10][10]; // Invalid
int data[10][10]; // Invalid

63. Arrays of Arrays
• Fill an Arrays:
int[][] data = new int[3][3];
data[0][0] = 0;
data[0][1] = 1;
data[0][2] = 2;
data[1][0] = 0;
data[1][1] = 1;
data[1][2] = 2;
data[2][0] = 0;
data[2][1] = 1;
data[2][2] = 2;

64. Arrays of Arrays
• Fill an Arrays:
int[][] data = new int[3][];
data[0] = new int[1];
data[0][0] = 0;
data[1] = new int[2];
data[1][0] = 0;
data[1][1] = 1;
data[2] = new int[3];
data[2][0] = 0;
data[2][1] = 1;
data[2][2] = 2;

65. Arrays of Arrays
• Fill an Arrays:
int[][] data = {{0, 1}, {0, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 2, 3}};// Valid
int[][] data = new int[][] {{0, 1}, {0, 1}}; // Valid
int[][] data = new int[1][2] {{0, 1}}; // Invalid
int[][] data = new int[2][2];
data = {{0, 1}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}}; // Invalid

66. Thank You