IoT Use Cases

IoT Use Cases
Bob Marcus
Co-Chair NIST Big Data PWG
robert.marcus@et-strategies.com
Thursday, February 2, 17

Key Points on IoT Use Cases - Initial Thoughts
• There are a wide range of IoT Use Cases with different scales and requirements
• The diverse Use Cases will require different architectural approaches, data processing,
analytics, and controls
• It will also be necessary to compose IoT Use Cases for some applications (e.g. Smart Grid
and Smart Transports as components of Smart City)
• There has been progress in individual Use Cases but the composition of Use Cases is still
in an early phase
• Interoperability between IoT Use Cases will require cross-domain data, communication,
and security standards

List of IoT Use Cases
• Smart Agriculture
• Smart Cities
• Smart Emergency Response
• Smart Environment
• Smart Grid
• Smart Healthcare
• Smart Home and Buildings
• Smart Logistics
• Smart Manufacturing
• Smart Research
• Smart Retail
• Smart Spaces
• Smart Transport
• Smart Water
• Robotics and Cyborgs
• Defense Application

Technology Convergence for Smart X Applications from Bob Marcus
Internet
of Things
Social
Mobile
Cyber-
Physical
Systems
Big Data Cloud
Smart X
Applications

World of Connected Services from Beecham Research
From http://www.beechamresearch.com/article.aspx?id=4

Optimistic Estimated Impact of IoT from WT Vox
From https://wtvox.com/internet-of-things-iot/iot-and-social-media/

Taxonomy of Use Cases by Srinath Perera
From https://iwringer.wordpress.com/2015/10/08/taxonomy-of-iot-usecases-seeing-iot-forest-from-the-trees/

Applications of Cyber-Physical Systems from NIST Study
From http://tinyurl.com/javobbr

Internet of Things from the Secure IoT Project
From http://iot.stanford.edu/seminar/sitp-w15-levis.pdf

Internet of Things Application Domains
From http://omniesolutions.blogspot.com/2014/09/how-internet-of-things-iot-is-reshaping.html

CPS Building Blocks for some IoT Use Cases
From www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/Building_the_Hyperconnected_Society_IERC_2015_Cluster_eBook_978-87-93237-98-8_P_Web.pdf

Internet of Things and Smart X Applications
From http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2014_Ch.3_SRIA_WEB.pdf

Collaborative Internet of Things (C-IoT)
From http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/44/11189137/1118913744-9.pdf

Proliferation of Devices across Industries from IERC
From www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2014_Ch.3_SRIA_WEB.pdf

M2M Applications from Korea
From https://www.tekes.ﬁ/globalassets/global/ohjelmat-ja-palvelut/ohjelmat/ubicom/aineistot/raportit/korea/koreacrossindustryinnovationdrivenbycloudandiot.pdf

IoT Application Areas from IoT-A Consortium
From http://www.iot-a.eu/arm/d1.3/at_download/ﬁle

IoT Application Areas from IoT-A Consortium continued
From http://www.iot-a.eu/arm/d1.3/at_download/ﬁle

IoT Application Areas from European IERC
From http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/Building_the_Hyperconnected_Society_IERC_2015_Cluster_eBook_978-87-93237-98-8_P_Web.pdf

Taxonomy of Use Cases from Goldman-Sachs
From http://www.iotcentral.io/blog/mapping-the-internet-of-things

Diverse Intelligent Systems from Microsoft
From http://www.slideshare.net/alanhak/zen-and-the-art-of-enterprise-architecture-business-transf

IoT Applications from San Jose State
From http://www.slideshare.net/alanhak/zen-and-the-art-of-enterprise-architecture-business-transf

Some Leading IoT Applications
From http://www.slideshare.net/mazlan1/internet-of-things-iot-we-are-at-the-tip-of-an-iceberg/

Performance Gains from IoT from GE
From http://www.ge.com/docs/chapters/Industrial_Internet.pdf

IoT Technology Roadmap from SRI
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things

IoT Cloud Service Centric Landscape for Service Providers
From http://dw.connect.sys-con.com/session/2999/Dennis_Ward.pdf

Pervasive Internet and Smart Services
From www.slideshare.net/honbozhou/uniﬁed-middleware-for-internet-of-things

Use Case: Smart Agriculture

Smart Farming in The Cloud from Fi-Ware
From http://www.slideshare.net/SjaakWolfert/agroconnect-pps-project-and-ﬁspace

Use Case: Smart City

Smart City Deﬁnition
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city
A smart city uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance quality,
performance and interactivity of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption
and to improve contact between citizens and government. Sectors that have been developing
smart city technology include government services, transport and trafﬁc management,
energy, health care, water, innovative urban agriculture and waste management
http://www.iotphils.com/solutions/smart-cities/

Smart City CPS Challenges
http://cps-vo.org/group/SCOPE-16
• Deriving a multi-tiered architecture that can integrate applications across domains, including water management,
energy, disaster resilience transportation, healthcare, and many other applications essential to cities and their
residents.
• Interactions between privacy, security, resilience, reliability, and safety from both theoretical and operational
perspectives and lightweight cyber physical virtualization technologies that ensure both cyber and physical
resources can be accessed simultaneously and safely by multiple applications.
• Heterogeneity in both message layer and behavior layer is one of the biggest problems that is emerging when we
consider that all these services need to be integrated together in order to provide useful services to the
residents. Frameworks for solving the challenge of integrating heterogeneous and cross-domain data and services
are critical.
• Autonomous online collaboration and coordination that ensure cyber and physical resources of the platform are
managed and arbitrated correctly and efﬁciently, including the runtime veriﬁcation required to validate the
dynamic resource allocation and usage patterns, and the distributed and interactive decision making algorithms
that require a high level of coordination across decisions to make the complete system work.
• Formal methods for analyzing the safety guarantees of the composed system and applications in the presence of
uncertainty imposed by the dynamic properties of the platform.
• Closed loop operations in the context of the open nature of smart city platforms with on-line or real-time
control and actuation to maintain desired operational set points, and standardized and interoperable mechanism
to request and verify "actions" taken because of the data analysis.
• Metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) that can measure the impact of smart city solutions and
platforms.
• Smart city architectures for replicability and scalability across communities with diverse technical, governance,
and cultural settings.
• Design strategies for interoperability and modularity that enable the composition of complex smart city
systems from diverse elements.

Smart City from IERC
Smart Parking: Real-time monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city making residents able to identify and
reserve the closest available spaces. Reduction in traffic congestions and increased revenue from dynamic pricing could
be some of the benefits as well as simpler responsibility for traffic wardens recognizing non-compliant usage.
Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges and historical monuments.
Noise Urban Maps: Sound monitoring in bar areas and centric zones in real time.
Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to optimize driving and walking routes.
Smart Lightning: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in streetlights.
Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes. Garbage
cans and recycle bins with RFID tags allow the sanitation staff to see when garbage has been put out. Maybe “Pay as you
throw”-programs would help to decrease garbage waste and increase recycling efforts.
Intelligent Transportation Systems: Smart Roads and Intelligent Highways with warning messages and
diversions according to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams.
Safe City: Digital video monitoring, fire control management, public announcement systems
Connected Learning: Improvements in teacher utilization, reduction in instructional supplies, productivity
improvement, and lower costs are examples of benefits that may be gained from letting electronic resources
deliver data-driven, authentic and collaborative learning experience to larger groups.
Smart Irrigation of Public ASpaces: Maintenance of parks and lawns by burying park irrigation monitoring
sensors in the ground wirelessly connected to repeaters and with a wireless gateway connection to Internet

Smart City Big Data Architectural Framework from Intel
From http://www.slideshare.net/LarryCover/big-data-and-implications-on-platform-architecture

US Government Smart City Activities
From http://ontolog.cim3.net/ﬁle/work/OntologySummit2015/2015-04-13_14_OntologySummit2015_Symposium/CPS-IOT--KeithMarzullo_2015-04-13.pptx

NIST Smart City/CPS Proposed Plans for 2016
From www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartcities_cps_budgetsheet.pdf

Smart City Big Data Architecture from IBM
From http://www.urenio.org/2011/06/29/ibm-redbooks-smarter-cities-series/

Smart City Solution Architecture from IBM India
From http://yourstory.com/2015/03/smart-city-solution-architecture/

Almanac Smart City Platform Architecture
From http://www.in-jet.dk/en/articles.php?article_id=24/

Cloud Context Broker from FIWARE
From http://www.slideshare.net/fermingalan/introduction-to-ﬁware-cloud-context-broker
CKAN = Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network. See CKAN.org

Almanac Smart City Platform Architecture
From http://www.in-jet.dk/en/print.php?type=A&item_id=24

From http://www.slideshare.net/SchneiderElectric/smart-city-anditregislargilier
Smart City Architecture from Schneider Electric

Hierarchical Distributed Fog Architecture from U of Rhode Island
From http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2818898&CFID=733103700&CFTOKEN=57270032 (AMS Digital Library)

IoT Platform for Smart Cities from AGT and Cisco
From http://www.analytics.vision/2014/10/21/ﬁrst-analytics-platform-iot-revealed-agt-international/

Smart City Hub from Siemens
From http://cps-vo.org/ﬁle/20908/download/60342

Smart City Architecture from Innoﬁdel
From http://www.innoﬁdei.com/en/product&solution/zhcs/%20zhcsjsnr/252945.shtml

Smart City Architecture from EnnCloud
From http://www.enncloud.com/smartcities_showroom-publicacion_showroom-19003145773636237.htm

Array of Things in Chicago
From http://postscapes.com/city-environmental-sensors-array-of-things/

Smart City Systems Infrastructure from MetricStream
From http://www.metricstream.com/insights/smart-cities.htm

Smart City Demonstration from Open Fog Consortium
From http://blogs.cisco.com/innovation/openfog-consortium-gains-momentum-as-fog-picks-up-steam

Smart City Multi-Layer Architecture from EU IERC
From www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/Building_the_Hyperconnected_Society_IERC_2015_Cluster_eBook_978-87-93237-98-8_P_Web.pdf or
www.slideshare.net/DrDavidProbert/integrated-cybersecurity-and-the-internet-of-things

CitiSense for Smart Cities from Redtone
From http://www.redtone.com/internet-of-things/

Citi-Sense Project’s Citizens’ Observatories Toolbox for Smart Cities
From http://social.citi-sense.eu/CitizensObservatoriesToolbox.aspx

Use Case: Smart Emergency Response

Capital Wireless Information Network (CapWIN)
From http://blogs.cisco.com/innovation/openfog-consortium-gains-momentum-as-fog-picks-up-steam

Smart Disaster Response from NIST and NICT
From http://www2.nict.go.jp/univ-com/isp/doc/NIST.IR.7951.pdf

Use Case: Smart Environment

Smart Environment Monitoring from IERC
Forest Fire Detection: Monitoring of combustion gases and preemptive fire conditions to define alert zones.
Air Pollution: Control of CO2 emissions of factories, pollution emitted by cars and toxic gases generated in farms.
Landslide and Avalanche Prevention: Monitoring of soil moisture, vibrations and earth density to detect dangerous
patterns in land conditions.
Earthquake Early Detection: Distributed control in specific places of tremors.
Protecting Wildlife: Tracking collars utilizing GPS/GSM modules to locate and track wild animals and communicate
their coordinates via SMS
Meteorological Station Network: Study of weather conditions in fields to forecast ice formation, rain, drought,
snow or wind changes.
Marine and Coastal Surveillance: Using different kinds of sensors integrated in planes, unmanned aerial vehicles,
satellites, ship etc. to control the maritime activities and traffic in important areas, keep track of fishing boats,
supervise environmental conditions and dangerous oil cargo etc.

Three Layer Smart Environment Context Model from DAI-Labor
From http://www.dai-labor.de/ﬁleadmin/ﬁles/publications/137.pdf

EarthCube Domain Stacks and Integration
From http://semanticommunity.info/Data_Science/EarthCube_Data_Science_Publications#Slide_11_EarthCube_Data_Science_Publications

Group on Earth Observations (GEOSS) approach to EarthCube
From http://semanticommunity.info/Data_Science/EarthCube_Data_Science_Publications#Slide_11_EarthCube_Data_Science_Publications

Avoiding Mass Extinctions Engine (AMEE) Environment Monitoring
From http://www.slideshare.net/ameehq/greenhouse-gas-emissions-calculations-with-amee-4991283s

Planetary Skin Institute
From http://www.planetaryskin.org/rd-programs

Amazon Echo
From http://www.theverge.com/2014/11/6/7167793/amazon-echo-speaker-announced

Google Home
From http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/18/11688376/google-home-speaker-announced-virtual-assistant-io-2016

Google Home vs. Amazon Echo
From http://www.theverge.com/2014/11/6/7167793/amazon-echo-speaker-announced

Knocki: Knock-driven Remote Control Device
From http://theawesomer.com/knocki-gesture-remote-control/331377/

As Real as it Gets (ARAIG) Sensory Feedback Gaming Suit
From https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/141790329/araig-as-real-as-it-gets

IoT and Gaming
From gearburn.com/2015/11/5-ways-iot-taken-gaming-beyond-digital-world/

Use Case: Smart Grid

WINSmartGrid Big Architecture from UCLA
From winmec.ucla.edu/smartgrid/architecture.html

NIST Conceptual Architecture for the Smart Grid
From http://www.multispeak.org/ABOUT/SMARTGRID/Pages/MultiSpeakandtheNISTSmartGrid.aspx
and www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST_Framework_Release_2-0_corr.pdf

NIST Logical Architecture for Smart Grid Enterprise Applications
From http://www.multispeak.org/ABOUT/SMARTGRID/Pages/MultiSpeakandtheNISTSmartGrid.aspx

Mitsubishi Smart Grid with Multiple Energy Sources for Japan
From https://www.navigantresearch.com/blog/articles/an-ambitious-endeavor-to-create-green-society-in-japan

Smart Energy from IERC
Smart Grid: Energy consumption monitoring and management.
Photovoltaic Installations: Monitoring and optimization of performance in solar energy plants.
Wind Turbines: Monitoring and analyzing the ﬂow of energy from wind turbines, and two-way communication
with consumers’ smart meters to analyze consumption patterns.
Water Flow: Measurement of water pressure in water transportation systems.
Radiation Levels: Distributed measurement of radiation levels in nuclear power stations surroundings to generate
leakage alerts
Power Supply Controllers: Controller for AC-DC power supplies that determines required energy, and improve
energy efﬁciency with less energy waste for power supplies related to computers, telecommunications, and
consumer electronics applications

Mitsubishi Smart Grid with Multiple Energy Sources for Hong Kong
From http://www.mitsubishicorp.com/hk/en/bg/machinery.html

Smart Grid Architecture from World Activity Blog
From http://www.mitsubishicorp.com/hk/en/bg/machinery.html

Smart Energy Architecture from Duke Energy
From http://www.slideshare.net/PrismTech1/harnessing-data-distribution-service-in-next-generation-smart-energy

Market Leaders in SMART Grid
From http://www.greentechmedia.com/images/wysiwyg/News/marketsegtaxonomy.jpg

NIST SMART Grid Overview Diagram
From http://www.nist.gov/itl/ssd/cyber-physical-systems.cfmy.jpg

Smart Grid from Iowa State and U of Illinois
From http://pserc.wisc.edu/documents/general_information/presentations/pserc_seminars/psercwebinars2012/Govindarasu_PSERC_Webinar_Slides_Feb_2012.pdf

Fog Computing in the Smart Grid from Cisco
From https://techradar.cisco.com/pdf/cisco-technology-radar.pdf

KT Smart Grid Architecture from Korea
From http://www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/cl_jeju_09_121.pdf

Distributed Intelligence Platform (DIP) Node from Duke Energy
From http://www.duke-energy.com/pdfs/dedistributedintelligenceplatformvol01.pdf

DistributedIntelligencePlatformFieldMessageBusfromDukeEnergy

DIP Field Message Bus Data Flow from Duke Energy

Open Field Message Bus (OFMB) from SGIP
From http://www.sgip.org/openfmb/

Use Case: Smart Healthcare

A CPS Approach to Personalized Medicine

Medical Grade Network from Cisco
From http://www.slideshare.net/MikeOster/cisco-healthcare-general-20100917

Signal Processing in a Node Environment (SPINE) from Italy
From http://spine.deis.unical.it/spine.html

HYGEIAnet I-EHR Architecture from 2001
From http://www.jmir.org/2001/1/e7/

Smart Health from IERC
Fall Detection: Assistance for elderly or disabled people living independent.
Physical Activity Monitoring for Aging People: Body sensors network measures motion, vital signs, unobtrusiveness
and a mobile unit collects,visualizes and records activity data.
Medical Fridges: Control of conditions inside freezers storing vaccines, medicines and organic elements.
Sportsmen Care:Vital signs monitoring in high performance centres and fields. Health and fitness products for these
purposes exist, that measure exercise, steps, sleep, weight, blood pressure, and other statistics.
Patients Surveillance: Monitoring of conditions of patients inside hospitals and in old people’s home.
Chronic Disease Management: Patient-monitoring systems with comprehensive patient statistics could be available for
remote residential monitoring of patients with chronic diseases such as pulmonary and heart diseases and diabetes.
Ultraviolet Radiation: Measurement of UV sun rays to warn people not to be exposed in certain hours.
Hygienic hand control: RFID-based monitoring system of wrist bands in combination of Bluetooth LE tags on a
patient’s doorway controlling hand hygiene in hospitals, where vibration notifications is sent out to inform about
time for hand wash; and all the data collected produce analytics which can be used to potentially trace patient infections
to particular healthcare workers.
Sleep control: Wireless sensors placed across the mattress sensing small motions, like breathing and heart rate and large
motions caused by tossing and turning during sleep, providing data available through an app on the smartphone.
Dental Health: Bluetooth connected toothbrush with smartphone app analyzes the brushing uses and gives information
on the brushing habits on the smartphone for private information or for showing statistics to the dentist.

Use Case: Smart Home and Buildings

Smart Living from IERC
Intelligent Shopping Applications:Getting advice at the point of sale according to customer habits, preferences, presence of
allergic components for them, or expiring dates.
Energy and Water Use: Energy and water supply consumption monitoring to obtain advice on how to save cost and
resources. Maximizing energy efﬁciency by introducing lighting and heating products, such as bulbs,thermostats and air
conditioners.
Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely appliances to avoid accidents and save energy.
Weather Station: Displays outdoor weather conditions such as humidity, temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed and
rain levels using meters with ability to transmit data over long distances.
Smart Home Appliances: Refrigerators with LCD screen telling what’s inside, food that’s about to expire, ingredients you
need to buy and with all the information available on a smartphone app. Washing machines allowing you to monitor the
laundry remotely, and run automatically when electricity rates are lowest. Kitchen ranges with interface to a smartphone app
allowing remotely adjustable temperature control and monitoring the oven’s self-cleaning feature
Gas Monitoring: Real-information about gas usage and the status of gas lines could be provided by connecting residential
gas meters to an Internet protocol (IP) network. As for the water monitoring, the possible outcome could be reductions in
labor and maintenance costs, improved accuracy and lower costs in meter readings, and possibly gas consumption reductions.
Safety Monitoring: Baby monitoring, cameras, and home alarm systems making people feel safe in their daily life at home.
Smart Jewelry: Increased personal safety by wearing a piece of jewelry inserted with Bluetooth enabled technology used in
a way that a simple push establishes contact with your smartphone, which through an app will send alarms to selected people
in your social circle with information that you need help and your location

Smart Buildings from IERC
Perimeter Access Control: Access control to restricted areas and detection of people in non-authorized areas.
Liquid Presence: Liquid detection in data centres, warehouses and sensitive building grounds to prevent break downs
and corrosion.
Indoor Climate Control: Measurement and control of temperature, lighting, CO2 fresh air in ppm etc.
Intelligent Thermostat: Thermostat that learns the users programming schedule after a few days, and from that
programs itself. Can be used with an app to connect to the thermostat from a smart telephone, where control,
watching the energy history, how much energy is saved and why can be displayed.
Intelligent FireAlarm: System with sensors measuring smoke and carbon monoxide, giving both early warnings,
howling alarms and speaks with a human voice telling where the smoke is or when carbon monoxide levels are
rising, in addition to giving a message on the smartphone or tablet if the smoke or CO alarm goes off.
Intrusion Detection Systems: Detection of window and door openings and violations to prevent intruders.
Motion Detection: Infrared motion sensors which reliably sends alerts to alarm panel (or dialer) and with a system
implementing reduced false alarms algorithms and adaption to environmental disturbances.
Art and Goods Preservation: Monitoring of conditions inside museums and art warehouses.
Residential Irrigation: Monitoring and smart watering system

End to End Smart Home Architecture from STMicroelectronics
From http://www.slideshare.net/mfrancis/leveraging-the-strength-of-osgi-to-deliver-a-convergent-iot-ecosystem-o-logvinov

Smart Home using Raspberry Pi,Arduino, OpenHab, and Mosquitto
From https://blog.adafruit.com/2014/11/07/use-raspberrypi-arduino-and-openhab-to-monitor-your-home-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/

Smart Home Gateway Stack from STMicroelectronics

Smart Home Device Abstraction Layer from ProSyst
From http://www.slideshare.net/mfrancis/device-abstraction-in-osgi-based-embedded-systems-dimitar-valtchev

Smart Home Gateway Stack from ProSyst

From http://www.prosyst.com/what-we-do/smart-home-smart-energy/products/
Smart Home Scenario with Prosyst Products

Smart Home OSGi Service Delivery Model from Singapore
From http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.469.964&rep=rep1&type=pdf

OpenHAB based on OSGi for the Smart Home
From http://www.openhab.org/features/architecture.html

Smart Home from MaRS Connected World
From https://www.marsdd.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Oct28-MaRS-ConnectedWorld-ConnectedHome.pdf

Smart Home from IBM
From http://www.slideshare.net/DrDavidProbert/integrated-cybersecurity-and-the-internet-of-things

Smart Doorbell using Azure and Windows 10 IoT
From https://www.hackster.io/Kishore10211/smart-doorbell-with-azure-windows10-iot-uwp-app-0e4e4d

Building Energy Management Open Source Software (BEMOSS)

ZigBee for the Smart Home
From http://liseng.com.hk/?portfolio=zigbee-smart-energy-certiﬁed-ip-gateway-solution

ZigBee Protocol Stack
From http://www.drhdmi.eu/dictionary/ieee-802-15-4.html

Bluetooth Protocol Stack
From http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Tutorials/Bluetooth-protocol-stack.html

ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Wiﬁ in the Smart Home
From http://www.hometoys.com/content.php?post_type=2332

Z-Wave for the Smart Home
From http://zwaveguide.com/

Z-Wave Protocol Stack
From http://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2011/may/the-basics-of-zwave-and-why-you-should-consider-it

Smart Home Wireless Networking Comparison
From www.tomsguide.com/us/smart-home-wireless-network-primer,news-21085.html

From http://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/jun08/articles/considine/080539121012obix.htm
Open Building Information Exchange (oBIX)
oBIX (Open Building Information Xchange) is a focused effort by industry leaders and associations
working toward creating a standard XML and Web Services guideline to facilitate the exchange of
information between intelligent buildings, enable enterprise application integration and bring forth
true systems integration. Based on Standards widely used by the IT Industry, the oBIX guideline
will improve operational effectiveness giving facility managers and building owners increased
knowledge and control of their properties.
From http://www.obix.org/

Smart Home Product Comparison (2014)
From http://www.slideshare.net/karstenhe/karsten-held-internet-of-things-iot-and-the-smart-building-research-january-2014

Use Case: Smart Logistics

Smart Container Logistics from SAP
From http://telsoc.org/event/vic/2013-02-27/enterprise_mobile_solutions

Use Case: Smart Manufacturing

NIST Smart Manufacturing Measurement WG New Ideas
From http://www.nist.gov/el/msid/syseng/smopc.cfm
a. Develop standard measurement methods and security guidelines that assure
manufacturers' wireless platforms achieve desired performance requirements and
efﬁciency.
b. Extend the digital thread of product and process information from design to
realization, quality assurance and maintenance.
c. Model and characterize the complexity of manufacturing process elements and
operations performance to enhance prognostics and health management of smart
manufacturing systems.
d. Develop guidelines, methods, metrics and tools to enable manufacturing
stakeholders to assess and assure cybersecurity while addressing the demanding
performance, reliability, and safety requirements of smart manufacturing systems.
e. Develop methods and protocols enabling efﬁcient integration of smart
manufacturing systems models and engineering analysis models, to facilitate
analysis of smart manufacturing operations.

Smart Manufacturing from IERC
Smart Product Management: Control of rotation of products in shelves and warehouses to automate restocking
processes.
Compost: Control of humidity and temperature levels in alfalfa, hay, straw, etc. to prevent fungus and other microbial
contaminants.
Offspring Care:Control of growing conditions of the offspring in animal farms to ensure its survival and health
Animal Tracking: Location and identification of animals grazing in open pastures or location in big stables.
Toxic Gas Levels: Study of ventilation and air quality in farms and detection of harmful gases from excrements.
Production Line: Monitoring and management of the production line using RFID, sensors, video monitoring, remote
information distribution and cloud solutions enabling the production line data to be transferred to the
enterprise-based systems. This may result in more quickly improvement of the entire product quality assurance process
by decision makers, updated workflow charts, and inspection procedures delivered to the proper worker
groups via digital displays in real time.
Telework: Offering the employees technologies that enable home offices would reduce costs, improve productivity, and
add employment opportunities at the same time as reducing real estate for employees, lower office maintenance and
cleanings, and eliminating daily office commute

Smart Industry from IERC
Tank level: Monitoring of water, oil and gas levels in storage tanks and cisterns.
Silos Stock Calculation: Measurement of emptiness level and weight of the goods.
Explosive and Hazardous Gases: Detection of gas levels and leakages in industrial environments, surroundings of
chemical factories and inside mines. Meters can transmit data that will be reliably read over long distances.
M2M Applications: Machine auto-diagnosis and assets control.
Maintenance and repair: Early predictions on equipment malfunctions and service maintenance can be automatically
scheduled ahead of an actual part failure by installing sensors inside equipment to monitor and send reports.
Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring of toxic gas and oxygen levels inside chemical plants to ensure workers and goods safety.
Temperature Monitoring: Control of temperature inside industrial and medical fridges with sensitive merchandise.
Ozone Presence:Monitoring of ozone levels during the drying meat process in food factories
Indoor Location:Asset indoor location by using active (ZigBee, UWB) and passive tags (RFID/NFC).
Aquaculture Industry Monitoring: Remotely operating and monitoring operational routines on the aquaculture site,
using sensors, cameras, wireless communication infrastructure between sites and land base, winch systems etc. to perform
site and environment surveillance, feeding and system operations

DoE Smart Manufacturing
From https://smartmanufacturingcoalition.org/doe-project-sm

Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition (SMLC) Platform
From https://smartmanufacturingcoalition.org/sites/default/ﬁles/smlc_brochure_9_16_13.pdf

Industrial Internet Computing Requirements
From http://www.slideshare.net/AnthonyChen6/unconference-s-nathv3

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Market Map
From http://www.iotcentral.io/blog/the-industrial-iot-market-map-iiot

General Electric Predix forVertical Industrial Domains
From https://www.predix.com/sites/default/ﬁles/predixplatformbrief-021716.pdf

Industrial Internet of Things Overview from IERC

Industrial Internet of Things Overview from GE
From http://ayruz.com/industry/consumer-and-retail/iot-big-data-digital-universe-future-connected-world/

Integrated Smart Manufacturing Data Model
From http://smartmanufacturing.com/2012/06/11/the-journey-towards-smart-the-changing-face-of-manufacturing/

Industry 4.0 from Germany
From http://blog.softing.com/blog/industrial-automation/opc-and-mes-day-ﬁnland-2014-focusses-on-industrie-4-0-and-smart-factory/

Four Aspects of Industrie 4.0
From http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/tc/berlin-15/special-events/mfg-presentations/adolphs.pdf

Industry 4.0 vs. Industrial Internet Consortium
From https://www.mapi.net/forecasts-data/internet-things-industrie-40-vs-industrial-internet

Interop Hotspots for Smart Facility/ Manufacturing
From https://www.iiconsortium.org/pdf/IIC_I3C_Overview_Aug_2016.pdf

FiTMAN Smart Factory from IERC

Multi-Layer Smart Factory from IERC

Factory Asset Integration Architecture from Enterprise-IoT
From http://enterprise-iot.org/book/enterprise-iot/part-i/manufacturing/case-study-smart-factory/

ProcessIT.eu Concepts for Process Industry
From http://road2cps.eu/events/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/11_Road2CPS_ProcessIT.EU_Low_Resolution.pdf

Process Control Network from IMC-AESOP Project
From http://imc-aesop.org/html/ProjDes.html

Five Layer Architecture for Industry 4.0 from U. of Cincinnati
From https://www.researchgate.net/proﬁle/Jay_Lee10/publication/269709304_A_Cyber-Physical_Systems_architecture_for_Industry_4.0-based_manufacturing_systems/links/549486890cf20f487d2c4523.pdf

Use Case: Smart Research

Large Hadron Collider Networking
From http://pcbunn.cithep.caltech.edu/Grids/GridBook.htm

Use Case: Smart Retail

HP Smart Shopper Architecture
From http://www8.hp.com/h20195/v2/GetPDF.aspx/4AA5-4829ENW.pdf

Smart Retail Multilayer Architecture from IERC
From http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2014_Ch.3_SRIA_WEB.pdf

Use Case: Smart Spaces

Context Broker for Smart Spaces from UMBC
From mobileandpervasive.blogspot.com/2004_06_01_archive.html

SOFIA2 from Indra
From http://soﬁa2.com/desarrollador_en.html

Augmented Reality
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment
whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such as
sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality, in
which a view of reality is modiﬁed (possibly even diminished rather than augmented) by a computer.
As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality.[1] By contrast,
virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one.
From www.strategyr.com/MarketResearch/Mobile_Augmented_Reality_MAR_Market_Trends.asp
Augmented Reality in Business

Pokemon Go from Nintendo, Niantic and the Pokemon Company
From www.pokemongo.com/en-us/
From http://www.pokemon.com/us/pokemon-video-games/pokemon-go/

Use Case: Smart Transport

Smart Transport and Mobility from IERC
NFC Payment: Payment processing based in location or activity duration for public transport, gyms, theme parks, etc.
Quality of Shipment Conditions: Monitoring of vibrations, strokes, container openings or cold chain maintenance for insurance
purposes.
Item Location: Searching of individual items in big surfaces like warehouses or harbours.
Storage Incompatibility Detection:Warning emission on containers storing inflammable goods close to others containing explosive
material.
FleetTracking: Control of routes followed for delicate goods like medical drugs, jewels or dangerous merchandises.
ElectricVehicle Charging Stations Reservation: Locates the nearest charging station and tell the user whether its in use. Drivers can
ease their range anxiety by reserving charging stations ahead of time. Help the planning of extended EV road trips, so the EV
drivers make the most of potential charging windows
Vehicle Auto-diagnosis: Information collection from CAN Bus to send real time alarms to emergencies or provide advice to drivers.
Management of cars: Car sharing companies manages the use of vehicles using the Internet and mobile phones through connections
installed in each car.
Road Pricing:Automatic vehicle payment systems would improve traffic conditions and generate steady revenues if such payments
are introduced in busy traffic zones. Reductions in traffic congestions and reduced CO2
emissions would be some of the benefits.
Connected Militarized Defence: By connecting command-centre facilities, vehicles, tents, and Special Forces real-time situational
awareness for combat personnel in war areas and visualization of the location of allied/enemy personnel and material would be
provided

From https://www.tcd.ie/futurecities/research/mobility/model-driven-development.php
Run-time Architecture for SmartVehicles from Irish Trinity College

From https://s3.amazonaws.com/nist-sgcps/cpspwg/pwgglobal/CPS_PWG_Draft_Framework_for_Cyber-Physical_Systems_Release_0_8_September_2015.pdf
Smart Transportation Systems from NIST

Smart Trafﬁc Control using Mobile and Social Feedback

ITU Big Data in a Cloud Context Terminology (See next slide)
From https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-Y.3600-201511-I!!PDF-E&type=items

Use Case Example from ITU (Smart Transport)
From https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-Y.3600-201511-I!!PDF-E&type=items

Big Data in Logistics
From http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-data-analytics-marries-internet-of-things/

Use Case: Smart Water

From http://www.schneider-electric.com/solutions/au/en/sol/26283055-smart-water-networks
Smart Water Network from Schneider Electronics

From https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226298189_A_Semantic_Agent_Framework_for_Cyber-Physical_Systems
Smart Water Distribution Network from Missouri University

Smart Food / Water Monitoring
Water Quality: Study of water suitability in rivers and the sea for fauna and eligibility for drinkable use
Water Leakages: Detection of liquid presence outside tanks and pressure variations along pipes.
River Floods:Monitoring of water level variations in rivers, dams and reservoirs.
Water Management: Real-time information about water usage and the status of waterlines could be collected by connecting
residential water meters to an Internet protocol (IP) network.
Supply Chain Control: Monitoring of storage conditions along the supply chain and product tracking for traceability
purposes.
Wine Quality Enhancing: Monitoring soil moisture and trunk diameter in vineyards to control the amount of sugar in
grapes and grapevine health.
Green Houses: Control micro-climate conditions to maximize the production of fruits and vegetables and its quality.
Golf Courses: Selective irrigation in dry zones to reduce the water resources required in the green.
In-ﬁeld Monitoring: Reducing spoilage and food waste with better monitoring, statistic handling, accurate ongoing data
obtaining, and management of the agriculture ﬁelds, including better control of fertilizing, electricity and watering

Use Case: Robotics and Cyborgs

From http://shape.stanford.edu/research/swarm/
Zooids Swarm Robotics from Stanford Shape Lab

From http://correll.cs.colorado.edu/pubs/iros09.pdf
MIT’s Distributed Robot Garden

From http://www.slideshare.net/lalit911garg/humanoid-robotics
Humanoid Robots Applications

From https://www.ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr201211fa10.html
Future Trends Fusing Sensors and Robotics from NTT in Japan

From http://www.slideshare.net/chhattanshah/cloud-robotics-25842253
Cloud Robotics from ETRI in Korea

From https://www.transcend.org/tms/2014/12/home-made-spy-drone-hacks-wiﬁ-networks-listens-to-calls/
Internet Connected Spy Drone posing as Base Station

From http://futureaerial.com/drone-operations-network/
Future Aerial’s Drone Operations Network on Future Drone Cloud

From https://www.ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr201211fa10.html
Cloud Robotics from NTT in Japan

From http://money.cnn.com/2017/02/01/technology/google-boston-dynamics-handle
Advanced Robotics from Boston Dynamics

From http://www.ibtimes.com/robotics-news-flying-bat-bot-flexible-wings-transparent-hydrogel-fish-catching-robot-2485100
Robots from UC Berkeley, Caltech/UIUC and MIT
Bat Bot from Caltech/UIUC Gel Robot from MIT

https://www.tractica.com/automation-robotics/breakthroughs-in-medical-robotics-what-to-expect-in-2015/
Nano-Robotics in Bio-Medicine

From www.nicolelislab.net/?p=683
Networked Brains (Brainet) from Duke University

From gizmodo.com/scientists-just-invented-the-neural-lace-1711540938
Neural Lace: Embeddable Electronics in Brains

From www.darpa.mil/program/neural-engineering-system-design
Neural Engineering Systems Design (NESD) from DARPA

Use Case: Defense Applications

From https://publicintelligence.net/ufouo-dod-global-information-grid-2-0-concept-of-operations/
Global Information Grid from US DoD

From http://www.acqnotes.com/acqnote/careerﬁelds/dod-enterprise-architecture
US DoD Enterprise Architecture

From https://publicintelligence.net/c4isr-otm-e08-executive-summary/
C4ISR Brigade and Below from US Army
C4ISR = Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

From http://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=5305
Cooperative Battlespace Awareness from US Navy

From https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/nextstage-c4isr-bandwidth-the-us-militarys-aehf-program-updated-02165/
C4ISR from US Air Force

From http://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Public-Sector-IT/Drone-kill-communications-net-illustrated
Combined C4ISR
DISN = Defense Information System Network

From http://www.cyber.umd.edu/sites/default/ﬁles/documents/symposium/ﬁsher-HACMS-MD.pdf
DARPA High-Assurance Cyber Military Systems (HACMS)

From http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td/td2901/jackson.pdf
Missile Control Systems from Johns Hopkins
Missile Homing Loop
Flight Control System

Reference Links for
Internet of Things Use Cases
Inventory of all Bob Marcus CPS Slides on Slideshare
http://www.slideshare.net/bobmarcus/inventory-of-my-cps-slide-sets

Reference Links (Use Cases)
50 Internet of Things Applications
http://www.libelium.com/top_50_iot_sensor_applications_ranking/
10 Internet of Things Use Cases
http://www.itworldcanada.com/slideshow/10-internet-of-things-use-cases-that-have-already-become-cliches
IoT Use Cases from PTC
http://www.ptc.com/File%20Library/IoT/IoT-Use-Case-eBook.pdf
W3C Web of Things Use Cases
https://www.w3.org/WoT/IG/wiki/Use_cases_across_application_domains
OneM2M List of Use Cases
http://www.onem2m.org/images/ﬁles/deliverables/oneM2M-TR-0001-UseCase-V0_0_5.doc
Taxonomy of Use Cases by Srinath Perera
https://iwringer.wordpress.com/2015/10/08/taxonomy-of-iot-usecases-seeing-iot-forest-from-the-trees/
Industrial Internet Consortium Testbeds
http://www.iiconsortium.org/test-beds.htm
Smart Solutions for Multiple Industries from Cisco
http://www.cisco.com/web/CA/solutions/strategy/index.html
City Pulse Project in Europe
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/future-networks/documents/smart-cities-projects/citypulse.pdf
Future Grid to Enable Sustainable Resources from Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC)
http://pserc.wisc.edu/research/FutureGrid/broadanalysis/InformationHierarchy.aspx
2014 Smart Grid Report from Department of Energy
http://energy.gov/sites/prod/ﬁles/2014/08/f18/SmartGrid-SystemReport2014.pdf
NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability
http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST_Framework_Release_2-0_corr.pdf

Toyota Data Communication Modules (DCMs) and Big Data Center
http://www.theverge.com/2016/1/4/10706670/toyota-big-data-center-connected-cars-ces-2016
Enterprise IoT Book from Ignite
http://enterprise-iot.org/full-table-of-contents/
Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition and Testbeds
https://smartmanufacturingcoalition.org/
https://smartmanufacturingcoalition.org/testbeds-projects-awards/testbeds
Intelligent Mobile and Pervasive Computing
http://mobileandpervasive.blogspot.com/2004_06_01_archive.html
OSGi for Internet of Things Ecosystem
http://www.slideshare.net/mfrancis/leveraging-the-strength-of-osgi-to-deliver-a-convergent-iot-ecosystem-o-logvinov
EarthCube Publications
http://semanticommunity.info/Data_Science/EarthCube_Data_Science_Publications
Zigbee Alliance
http://www.zigbee.org/
Understanding the IoT Opportunity (Use Cases and Opportunities in Different Verticals)
https://iotworldevent.com/ﬁles/2016/03/Understanding-the-IoT-Opportunity.pdf
Collaboration between Industrial Internet Consortium and Plattform Industrie 4.0
http://www.iiconsortium.org/press-room/03-02-16.htm and
http://blog.iiconsortium.org/2016/03/the-industrial-internet-is-important-new-technologies-and-new-business-opportunities-will-disrupt-industries-on-many-level.html
OpenFMB (Field Message Bus) for the Smart Grid
http://sgip.org/Open-Field-Message-Bus-OpenFMB-Project

Z-Wave Alliances
http://z-wavealliance.org/
CPS Engineering Labs in Europe
https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/cyber-physical-systems-engineering-labs-ﬁrst-open-call-innovation-projects
Smart Anything Everywhere Initiative in Euope
https://smartanythingeverywhere.eu/
EuroCPS Projects
https://www.eurocps.org/
Robot Operating System (ROS)
www.ros.org
Cyborgs and the Social Network of Things
http://static1.squarespace.com/static/500a17fce4b016a023c03626/t/544e7ce8e4b0529748d7e74e/1414429944464/SNT+Layout+2.1.pdf
5 Challenges for IIOT
http://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/featured/5-key-challenges-for-the-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot/
Cisco vs GE for Industrial Internet of Things Applications
http://venturebeat.com/2016/08/27/ge-and-cisco-face-off-over-industrial-iot/

Analytic Research Foundations for the Next-Generation Electrical Grid from the National Academy of Sciences
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21919/analytic-research-foundations-for-the-next-generation-electric-grid (160 pages)
DoD Information Enterprise Architecture
http://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/DIEA/DoD%20IEA_Overview%20Brieﬁng_20120829.pdf
IoT and the Smart Home
http://www.slideshare.net/karstenhe/karsten-held-internet-of-things-iot-and-the-smart-building-research-january-2014
Distributed Intelligence Platform Reference Architecture from Duke Energy
http://www.duke-energy.com/pdfs/dedistributedintelligenceplatformvol01.pdf
Olii Self-Driving Car enhanced with IBM Watson Technology
https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/49957.wss
Apple HomeKit
www.apple.com/ios/homekit/
Google Brillo
https://developers.google.com/brillo/
The Best Drones of 2016 from PC Magazine
http://www.pcmag.com/roundup/337251/the-best-drones
Target Open House (Smart Home)
http://www.target.com/c/smart-home-connected-living-improvement/-/N-556xa
Swarm Troopers Book: How Small Drones will conquer the World
http://www.swarm-troopers.com/
50 Smart X IoT Applications
http://www.libelium.com/resources/top_50_iot_sensor_applications_ranking/

Reference Links (Smart Cities)
IBM Smarter Cities
http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smarter_cities/overview/
http://www.zdnet.com/article/ibm-pilots-ask-watson-in-british-columbia-smart-city-venture/
Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China
http://euchina-ict.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Smart_City_report_draft-White-Paper-_-March-2014.pdf
Smart City Development in China
http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/smart-city-development-in-china/
Japan Smart City Portal
http://jscp.nepc.or.jp/en/
HP CeNSE Project
www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-information/environment/cense.html
Microsoft CityNext
https://www.microsoft.com/en-eg/citynext/default.aspx
Intel Smart City Initiative
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/internet-of-things/smart-city-initiative.html
Smart and Connected Communities from Cisco
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/industries/smart-connected-communities.html
Songdo Korea
http://songdoibd.com/
NIST Smart Cities / CPS Initiatives
http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartcities_cps_budgetsheet.pdf
Eurocities
http://www.eurocities.eu/
Smart City Lab Research Projects in Finland
http://smartcitylab.eu/projects-2
China’s Smart City Initiative
https://www.eastwestbank.com/ReachFurther/News/Article/China-Smart-Cities-Connected-By-The-Internet-Of-Things
Smart Cities Research at Berkeley
http://smartcities.berkeley.edu/

Reference Links (Smart Cities) continued
SmartCity Company that manages DisneyWorld Systems
https://www.smartcity.com/about-us/company-history/
Smart City Mission in India
http://smartcities.gov.in/
City Science at MIT
http://cities.media.mit.edu/
Smart City Council (SCC)
http://smartcitiescouncil.com
Downloadable 364 page Smart City Readiness Guide from SCC (free registration required)
http://smartcitiescouncil.com/system/files/main/premium_resources/Readiness-Guide-V2-8-24-2015.pdf
Downloadable Open Data Guide from SCC (free registration required)
http://smartcitiescouncil.com/system/files/main/premium_resources/Open-Data-Guide-8-24-2015.pdf
Thingful
https://thingful.net/site/about
ThingSpeak
https://thingspeak.com/
NIST Smart City Program
http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartcities_cps_budgetsheet.pdf
Managing Complexities of Smart Cities TOGAF Way (TOGAF = The Open Group Architectural Framework)
http://www.slideshare.net/udaykbhatt/managing-complexities-of-smart-cities-togaf-way
Open and Agile Smart City Initiative (OASC)
http://oascities.org/
Department of Commerce Issues an RFI on Government’s Role in Fostering the Advancement of IoT
http://tinyurl.com/hutf78j
RFI for The Benefits, Challenges, and Potential Roles for the Government in Fostering the Advancement of IoT
https://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/fr_rfc_iot_04062016.pdf

Reference Links (Smart Cities in Europe and US)
European Smart Cities
http://www.smart-cities.eu/
SmartCities Project around North Sea in Europe
http://www.smartcities.info/
http://www.smartcities.info/publications
Smart Cities in Digital Agenda for Europe from European Commission
https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/smart-cities
Smart Cities Background Paper from UK
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/246019/bis-13-1209-smart-cities-background-paper-digital.pdf
US Smart Cities Initiative
https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/14/fact-sheet-administration-announces-new-smart-cities-initiative-help
NIST Global Cities Team Challenge
http://www.nist.gov/cps/sagc.cfm
https://www.us-ignite.org/globalcityteams/about/
NSF Cyber-Physical Systems
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503286
NITRD Smart and Connected Communities Framework
https://www.nitrd.gov/sccc/
DHS First Responder APEX program
http://www.firstresponder.gov/Next%20Generation%20First%20Responder/Pages/Next-Generation-First-Responder-%28NGFR%29-Apex-Program.aspx
IoT-Enabled Smart City Framework
http://www.slideshare.net/bobmarcus/iotenabled-smart-city-framework
Creating Municipal ICT Architectures
http://www.smartcities.info/files/Creating%20Municipal%20ICT%20Architectures%20-%20Smart%20Cities.pdf
IES City Framework Library or Presentations and Documents at NIST
https://pages.nist.gov/smartcitiesarchitecture/library/

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