Nemeth Marton Widening the limits of cognitive reception with online digital library graph databases on the semantic web Paper at BOBCATSSS 2017

1. Widening the limits of cognitive reception
with online digital library graph databases
on the semantic web
Márton Németh
University of Debrecen
Doctoral School of Informatics
Qulto- Monguz Ltd

2. Semantic web and public collections
• Any kind of data can be linked: comes from the people’s
mind; digital or offline documents
• Linked data: an approach and set of technical tools NOT a
properly defined technical standard.
• Focus on data not just documents

3. Implementation of semantic paradigms to
public collection environment
• RDF gives the basic shapes of linked data
• RDF extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs
• RDF triples- RDF/XML format of datasets
• Namespaces: old standards in new environment
• RDF: facilitating data merging even if underlying schemas differ
• Semantic ontologies –data model
• SPARQL: document retrieval language
• Machine to Machine communication

4. Linked data example (Godby 2016)

5. How can we imagine? A relation example (Godby
2016)

6. Human (Cognitive) aspects
• Get information via semantic web compatible cataloguing tools via machine-to
machine communication
• BUT associations links that machines can retrieve from the graph have built up by
people
• New information retrieval forms: raise the effectiveness of the research process
• Combination and effective representation ways of complex information from
different datasets
• Bypass language barriers

7. The Linked data triangle –we are focusing on the
top from cognitive perspective (Godby 2016)

8. What can be used? (Godby 2016)

9. Example: Europeana (Manguinhas et al. 2016)

10. Possible functions as outcomes (Manguinhas et
al. 2016)

11. Example-BNF (data.bnf.fr)
• Data.bnf.fr: Semantic OPAC- French National Library
• Reach BNF resources directly from a Web page, without any previous knowledge of the services
provided by the library;
• Get oriented in the BnF resources and possibly find external resources.
• Provide a hub between different resource types
• HTML pages are automatically created with data and identifiers that are in the different databases of
the library: BnF catalogue general, BnF archives et manuscripts, and Gallica. The HTML pages are
created using "Semantic Web" technologies.
• The pages are based on BNF authority records: authority records for persons and corporate bodies
provide the matter for the "author" pages, authority records for works provide the matter for the
"work" pages, and the RAMEAU subject authority records (the indexing language used at the BnF)
provide the matter for the "subject" pages.
• These pages are indexed by search engines, whereas data and metadata that is hidden in the BnF's
unindexable databases cannot be retrieved. The data.bnf.fr pages describe resources from the BnF that
are often concealed in the "deep Web" and give access to digital documents from Gallica.
• All about the Miserables by Victor Hugo: http://data.bnf.fr/13516296/victor_hugo_les_miserables/

12. Simple graph on BnF model
http://data.bnf.fr/images/exemple_graphe_1.jpg

13. Example – Deutsche Bibliothek
• All corresponding data sources from the Habsburg Emperor Joseph II.
http://d-nb.info/gnd/118558404
• Manage and retrieve multilingual data in a more simple way then
before
• Different kind of metadata from different sources in a single
environment

14. Link zu diesem Datensatz http://d-nb.info/gnd/118558404
Person Joseph II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser
Geschlecht männlich
Andere Namen Joseph II., Römischer Kaiser
Joseph II., Deutschland, Kaiser
Josef, Österreich, Erzherzog, 1741-1790
Josef II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser
Joseph II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, König
Joseph, von Habsburg-Lothringen
Josephus II., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser
Josephus II., Imperium Romanum-Germanicum, Imperator
Giuseppe II., Imperio Romano-Germano, Re
Augusto Guiseppe II., Imperio Romano-Germano, Re
Joseph II., der Grosse
Joseph, der Zweite
Joseph, der II.
Joseph, II.
Josephus II., Imperator
Giuseppe, d'Austria
Joseph Benedikt, Prinz
Joseph Benedikt August Johann Anton Michael Adam, Österreich, Erzherzog,
1741-1790
József II.
Josip II.
Graf Falkenstein (Pseudonym)
Falkenstein, ..., Graf (Pseudonym)
QuelleInternet (Stand: 07.08.2014): https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II.
LoC Auth
DbA (WBIS)
M; B 1986
Zeit Lebensdaten: 1741-1790
Wirkungsdaten: 1765-1790
Land Österreich (XA-AT)
Geografischer Bezug Geburtsort: Wien
Sterbeort: Wien
Beruf(e) Kaiser
Funktion(en) Herrscher
Weitere Angaben1765-1790 Kaiser (bis 1780 als Mitregent Maria Theresias)
Beziehungen zu Personen Isabella, Österreich, Erzherzogin (erste Ehefrau)
Maria Josepha, Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiserin (zweite Ehefrau)
Maria Theresia, Österreich, Erzherzogin (Mutter)
Franz I., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser (Vater)
Maria Theresia, Österreich, Erzherzogin, 1762-1770 (Tochter)
Systematik16.5p Personen der Geschichte (Politiker und historische
Persönlichkeiten)
TypPerson (piz)

15. Example: Schema.org and Microdata
• HTML5 standard: Set of tags including semantic data
• FRBRlike attributes to homepages
• Get meaning to data on the web
• Describe connections among data elements
• Underlying meaning can be understandable for search engines
• OPAC (WorldCat, Koha), discovery systems (VuFind), repositories (like
DSpace).
• Must be used by ILS vendors as well (integrate into Qulto portfolio)

17. Recent challenges
• Referencing among vocabularies (better reference data needed)
• How to evaluate the quality of semantic datasets?
• Quality standards of user experience- Semantic OPAC
• Changing searching attitudes in semantic environments
• Tons of various resources – simple but comprehensive interface
• User- centered benchmarking
• Implement semantic standards to existing and new products by vendors
• Need of collaboration: Business actors, research, cultural heritage
institutions, research and higher education sector

18. Research plan
• Compare new generation of semantic OPAC with traditional interfaces
• User experience - pros and cons (compared with trad. interfaces)
• Ergonomy, software quality- How can be evaluated? (by the help of
ISO standards)
• Possible outcome: Some kind of methodology to evaluate user
experience (including cognitive aspects)- finding challenges that are
still open

19. References
• “Dataset from Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (Joseph II.)”. Retrieved September 1, 2016 from: http://d-nb.info/gnd/118558404
• “Getting Started with Schema.org Using Microdata.” Retrieved September 15, 2016. from: http://schema.org/docs/gs.html.
• Godby, J (2016). Library Linked Data in the cloud: from proof of Concept to Action. Retrieved January 15, 2017 from:
https://www.asist.org/Webinars/Webinar-01-12-2017-12344.pdf
• Horváth, Á. (2016). RDFa - Schema.org: Unity of Document and Semantic Web. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from:
https://conference.niif.hu/event/5/session/10/contribution/27/material/slides/0.ppt.
• Manguinhas, H., Charles, V., Isaac, A., & Hill, T. (2016). Entitifying Europeana: Building an ecosystem of networked references for
Cultural Objects. Retrieved December 18, 2016 from http://www.slideshare.net/HugoManguinhas1/entitifying-europeana-
building-an-ecosystem-of-networked-references-for-cultural-objects
• Meehan, T. (2014). The impact of Bibframe. Catalogue & Index, (177), 2–16. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=110055753&site=ehost-live
• National Library of France. (2014). About data.bnf.fr. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://data.bnf.fr/about
• Powell, J. E., Alcazar, D., Hopkins, M., Olendorf, R., McMahon, T. M., Wu, A., & Collins, L. (2011). Graphs in Libraries: A Primer.
Information Technology and Libraries, 30(4), 157–169. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/905719539?accountid=26452
• Resource Description Framework (RDF). (2014). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from http://www.w3.org/RDF/

20. Thank you very much!
Contact:
mnemeth@monguz.hu
nemethm@gmail.com