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5. By projected aids we mean those aids where a
bright light is passed through a transparent
Picture and by means of a lens, an enlarged
picture is thrown or projected on the screen.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROJECTED AIDS ARE;
 OPAQUE PROJECTIONS
 TRANSPARENT STILL PROJECTIONS
 CINE PROJECTIONS

6. The projection of real magnified images on a
screen directly from pictures and drawings on
papers is called opaque projections. Opaque
projection requires a fully darkened room in
order to show details and colouring
satisfactorily

8. PRINCIPLE;;
THE LIGHT REFLECTED FROM
THE STRONGLY ILLUMINATED
PICTURE IS REVERSED BY
MEANS OF A MIRROR AT45
DEGREE AND THEN IT IS
PROJECTED ON A SCREEN
USING A CONVEX LENS,THE
ILLUMINATED PICTURE LIES
BETEWEEN THE FOCUS AND
TWICE THE FOCUS OF THE
CONVEX LENS TO PRODUCE
REAL MAGNIFIED IMAGES

9. Opaque projection is done by an optical
instrument called epidiascope
Different models

10. ADVANTAGES
 Stimulates attention
 Arouse interest
 Provide information
 Help students to retain knowledge for a longer
period of time
 To introduce a specific topic there is no need of
tearing it off from book

11. It needs a dark room for projection
As it is large in size, it is immovable

13. A slide is a of
70mm,35mm,or
6mm size which
is optically
enlarged and
projected as a
real image

14. It is used for projecting
pictures from a
transparent slide on a
wall or screen. As it is
used to project slides, it
is called a slide
projector. It helps in
showing the magnified
image of the Slides.
Also It can be operated
and focused by remote
control.

15.  It is light and easy to transport
 It arouses attention and interest
 Slide projector is not costly.
 It is very easy to use.
 The picture on the screen can be allowed to
remain there as long as the students wish

16.  Time consuming program
 Needed a dark surrounding

19. An optical instrument with two eyepieces
used to impart a three-dimensional effect to
two photographs of the same scene taken at
slightly different angles.

20. It present a realistic view,
which stimulates interest
of student

22. The name ‘Overhead projector’ comes from the
fact that the projected image is behind and
over the head of the speaker/teacher. In
overhead projection, a transparent visual is
placed on a horizontal stage on top of light
source. The light passes through this
transparency and then is reflected at 90°
angle on the screen at the back of the
speaker.

23. OVER HEAD PROJECTER
DEMONSTRATION IN A CLASS ROOM

24.  It is simple, easy and convenient to operate
the overhead projector
 Effective visuals can be made in a minimum
of time and at low cost
 Easier to write on horizontal surface of
transparencies
 O.H.P. can operate in an illuminated room.
There is no need of darkening the room

25. 1. Cannot be used for long time.
2. Writing by some types of writing pens get
blotted out on plastic.
3.Transparencies create a storage problem

26. It is an improvement upon slide projector.
Instead of using different slide for different
topics or more slides for one topic, one strip
or piece of still film is prepared. Slides
produced on films are called film strips.

27.  It is easy to operate
 Strips of educative
value are available
according to special
needs
 It draws the attention
of the students
 Varieties of
information may be
given.
 Film strips are light
weight and easy to
carry.