Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways causing obstruction. It is caused by factors like allergens, infections, pollution and emotions. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves patient history, exams, lung function tests and imaging. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation with corticosteroids and dilating airways with bronchodilators. Patients are advised to avoid triggers and take medications as prescribed.

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Asthma is a chronic (long-lasting)
inflammatory disease of the airways that
causes varying degrees of obstructions in the
air ways.
It is a condition in which the airways narrow
and swell and produce extra mucus. This can
make breathing difficult and trigger
coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

3. CoughVariant
ExerciseInduced
Allergic
TYPES OF
ASTHMA
Occupational
Asthma
Nighttime
Asthma)

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Airborne allergens, such as pollen
Allergic reactions to some foods, such as peanuts
or shellfish
Respiratory infections, such as the common cold
Physical activity (exercise-induced asthma)
Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke
Certain medications, including beta blockers,
aspirin, ibuprofen
Strong emotions and stress
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a
condition in which stomach acids back up into
your throat
Climatic conditions

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Having a blood relative (such as a parent or sibling)
with asthma
Having another allergic condition, such as dermatitis
or allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Being overweight
Being a smoker
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Having a mother who smoked while pregnant
Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of
pollution
Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals
used in farming,and manufacturing
Low birth weight

7. Due to etiological factors
Asthma triggers(infection,allergens,)
Inflamation ,brochopasm
Bronchial Smooth Muscle Constriction Occurs
over secreation of mucus

8. Mucosal edema
Obstruction of small and large airways
Air trapping
Hypoxia

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Coughing
Chest tightness
Shortness of breath
A whistling or wheezing sound
Insomnia
Common cold
Excessive mucus production
Tachycardia
Cyanosis

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History collection
Physical examination
Chest x rays
P FT
ABG
Spirometry

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Cortico steroids to reduce inflamation and to
reduce broncho-constriction
Antibiotics
Beta –adrenergic agents to dilate smooth
bronchial muscles
Mucolytics

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Check vitals.
Monitor pulse oximetry and peak flow.
Demonstrate the proper use of metered dose
inhaler properly.
Reassure the patient during an asthma attack
Place the patient in semi-fowler position and
encourage breathing and provide nebulisation.
Assist him to relax as much as possible to reduce
anxiety.
Administer bronchodilators and corticosteroids

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Adjust oxygen according to the patient’s vital
functions and ABG measurements.
Administer drugs and I.V. fluids as ordered
which will help loosen secretions.
Encourage the patient to express his fears
and concerns about his illness.
Encourage the patient for deep breathing
excercises and chest physiotherapy.

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Asthma is an ongoing condition that needs
regular monitoring and treatment.
Identify and avoid asthma triggers.
Get immunizations for influenza and
pneumonia.
Advice regarding inhaler use.
Advice to quit smoking.
Advice to take medicines and regular
checkups.
If asthma is related to exposure at work, take
all precautions, including wearing a mask .

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Pneumothorax
Respiratory failure
Persistant cough
Death
Lack of sleep