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Chapter 3: Attention and Consciousness http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/11.html http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/12.html
Attention Is… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Preconscious Attention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Priming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NURSE DOCTOR CAT DOG
Marcel (1983) Condition Subliminally Present Prime  Consciously Present Prime  Prime PALM PALM Mask XXXX   Target PINE OR WRIST PINE OR WRIST Response Body part or Plant? Body Part or Plant? Reaction time How fast? How fast?
Marcel’s Procedure with Participants ,[object Object],PALM XXXX PINE PINE It’s a Plant. Umm, It’s a Plant. Subliminal Condition Conscious Condition
Marcel (1983) Results Condition  Subliminally Present  Prime Consciously Present Prime Targets: PINE  or  WRIST Found faster RT for both target words Found faster RT for one of two target words, slower RT for the other target Interpretation Both meanings were primed Only one meaning is primed, the other inhibited
Priming Can Speed or Slow Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bowers, Regehr, Balthazard & Parker (1990) Which of these triads is coherent? What is the 4 th  word that ties them together? BALL 0 Triad A Triad B Basket Swan Room Army Foot Mask
Bowers (et.al.) Results ,[object Object],[object Object],0
Tip-of-the-tongue Experiences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
TOT Demonstration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Controlled vs. Automatic Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Is Typing Automatic or  Controlled for You? ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Automization - 2 Explanations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Effect of Practice on Automization ,[object Object],Negative- Acceleration Curve
Habituation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dishabituation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Habituation/Dishabituation Paradigm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functions of Conscious Attention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Signal Detection Theory (SDT) Decision Signal   Present Absent Present  Hit False Alarm Absent Miss Correct Rejection
Vigilance and SDT ,[object Object],[object Object]
Search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conjunctive vs. Feature Search Which box is it easier to detect a letter that is different? The box on top is a feature search The box on the bottom is a conjunction search L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L T L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L O L L L L L L L L L L L L
Treisman’s Feature-Integration Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]
Another Feature Search T T T T T T T Is there a red T in the Display? T T Target is defined by a  single feature According to feature integration theory the  Target should “pop out” No attention required T T T T T T T T
Another Conjunction Search X T T X T T T Is there a red T in the Display? X X Target is defined by two  Features: shape and color According  FIT, the features must be combined and so attention is required Need to examine one by one X X T X T T
Similarity Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Guided Search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selectivity of Attention ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cherry’s Shadowing Technique The lawyer defended his client as the trial began.  He was able The doctor went to the park to find the homeless man.  He was … .. The doctor went to the park….. Listen to two different conversations and repeat one of the messages, may be binaural or dichotic Attended Ear Unattended Ear 0
Cherry’s Study Results   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Models of Selective Attention ,[object Object],[object Object],0
Broadbent’s Model Long Term  Memory Working Memory Sensory Filter Sensory  Stores ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Broadbent’s Model Could Not Explain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Treisman Attenuation Model Long Term  Memory Working Memory Attenuation of Unattended Sensory  Stores Filter weakens the strength of unattended information.  Arrow colors represent different  levels of strength If arrow reaches circle, info will be activated in working memory  Note some circles are closer due to different thresholds of information 0
Late Selection Theory Long Term  Memory Working Memory Sensory  Stores All stimuli is processed to the level of meaning, relevance determines further Processing and action Deutsch & Deutsch (1963) 0
Neisser’s Synthesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Attentional-Resource Theories ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stroop Effect ,[object Object],Say the color the words are printed in as quickly as you can  What errors do you make? Reading i nterferes  with your ability to state the color and your reaction time is slower
Divided Attention Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pashler’s  PRP Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Complex Mental Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Posner & Attention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0

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Atencion Capitulo 3

  • 1. Chapter 3: Attention and Consciousness http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/11.html http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/12.html
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Marcel (1983) Condition Subliminally Present Prime Consciously Present Prime Prime PALM PALM Mask XXXX   Target PINE OR WRIST PINE OR WRIST Response Body part or Plant? Body Part or Plant? Reaction time How fast? How fast?
  • 6.
  • 7. Marcel (1983) Results Condition  Subliminally Present Prime Consciously Present Prime Targets: PINE or WRIST Found faster RT for both target words Found faster RT for one of two target words, slower RT for the other target Interpretation Both meanings were primed Only one meaning is primed, the other inhibited
  • 8.
  • 9. Bowers, Regehr, Balthazard & Parker (1990) Which of these triads is coherent? What is the 4 th word that ties them together? BALL 0 Triad A Triad B Basket Swan Room Army Foot Mask
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.  
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Signal Detection Theory (SDT) Decision Signal   Present Absent Present Hit False Alarm Absent Miss Correct Rejection
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Conjunctive vs. Feature Search Which box is it easier to detect a letter that is different? The box on top is a feature search The box on the bottom is a conjunction search L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L T L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L O L L L L L L L L L L L L
  • 26.
  • 27. Another Feature Search T T T T T T T Is there a red T in the Display? T T Target is defined by a single feature According to feature integration theory the Target should “pop out” No attention required T T T T T T T T
  • 28. Another Conjunction Search X T T X T T T Is there a red T in the Display? X X Target is defined by two Features: shape and color According FIT, the features must be combined and so attention is required Need to examine one by one X X T X T T
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Cherry’s Shadowing Technique The lawyer defended his client as the trial began. He was able The doctor went to the park to find the homeless man. He was … .. The doctor went to the park….. Listen to two different conversations and repeat one of the messages, may be binaural or dichotic Attended Ear Unattended Ear 0
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Treisman Attenuation Model Long Term Memory Working Memory Attenuation of Unattended Sensory Stores Filter weakens the strength of unattended information. Arrow colors represent different levels of strength If arrow reaches circle, info will be activated in working memory Note some circles are closer due to different thresholds of information 0
  • 38. Late Selection Theory Long Term Memory Working Memory Sensory Stores All stimuli is processed to the level of meaning, relevance determines further Processing and action Deutsch & Deutsch (1963) 0
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.