This ppt contained how we can produce the solar power, which is a type of clean energy. This provides all the future benefits of of solar energy.

1. SUMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. JAINA RAM Banwari Lal
Asst. Professor & Head Roll No.-EE110006
Department of Electrical Engg. B.TECH. 4TH YEAR
PRATAP UNIVERSITY

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER
3. PARABOLIC TROUGH
4. SOLAR POWER TOWER
5. STIRLING DISH
6. PHOTOVOLTAICS
7. PV SYSTEM
8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
9. STORAGE METHODS
10. WHY INDIA NEED CSP

3. • Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into
electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV),
or indirectly using concentrated solar power
(CSP).
• Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or
mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large
area of sunlight into a small beam.
• Photovoltaics convert light into electric current
using the photoelectric effect.

4.  Concentrating Solar Power systems use lenses or mirrors
and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into
a small beam.
 The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a
conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating
technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic
trough , the concentrating linear Fresnel reflector, the
Stirling dish and the solar power tower.
 Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus
light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by
the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power
generation or energy storage. Thermal storage efficiently
allows up to 24 hour electricity generation.

5.  A parabolic trough consists of a linear parabolic reflector that
concentrates light onto a receiver positioned along the reflector's
focal line. The receiver is a tube positioned right above the middle
of the parabolic mirror and is filled with a working fluid.
 The reflector is made to follow the Sun during the daylight hours by
tracking along a single axis. Parabolic trough systems provide the
best land-use factor of any solar technology.

6.  A solar power tower uses an array of tracking reflectors
(heliostats) to concentrate light on a central receiver atop a
tower . These are more cost effective, offer higher efficiency and
better energy storage capability among CSP technologies.

7. • The Stirling concentrating dish solar dish combines a
parabolic with a Stirling engine which normally drives
an electric generator.
• The advantages of Stirling solar over pv cells are higher
efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity &
longer lifetime. Parabolic dish systems give the highest
efficiency among CSP technologies. The 50 kW Big Dish
in Canberra, Australia is an example of this technology.

8. 8
Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough
Central
Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel
Collector
• Temp~400°C
• Line Focusing
• Linear Receiver tube
• Water consuming
• Conc.: Parabolic Mirrors
• Heat Storage feasible
• Most Commercialized
• Good for Hybrid option
• Requires flat land
• Good receiver η but low turbine η

9. 5/16/20119
Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough
Central
Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel
Collector
• Temp~600-800°C
• Point Focusing
• Flat Conc. Mirrors
• Commercially proven
• Central Receiver
• Water consuming
• Heat Storage capability
• Feasible on Non Flat sites
• Good performance for large
capacity & temperatures
• Low receiver η but good turbine η

10. 10
Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough
Central
Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel
Collector
• Temp~700-800°C
• Point Focusing
• Uses Dish concentrator
• Stirling Engine
• Generally 25 kW units
• High Efficiency ~ 30%
• Dry cooling
• No water requirement
• Heat storage difficult
• Commercially under development
• Dual Axis Tracking

11. swapnil.energy9@gmail.com 11
• Temp~400°C
• Line Focusing type
• Linear receiver
• Fixed absorber row
shared among mirrors
• Flat or curved conc.
mirrors
• Commercially under
development
• Less Structures
• 5 MW operational in CA
Commercial CSP
Parabolic
Trough
Central
Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel
Collector

12. 12
 A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell (PV), is a device that converts
light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
 Solar cells produce direct current (DC) power which fluctuates
with the sunlight's
 . For practical use this usually requires conversion to certain
desired voltages or alternating current (AC), through the use
of inverters.

13.  Multiple solar cells are connected inside modules. Modules are
wired together to form arrays, then tied to an inverter, which
produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the desired
frequency/phase
 Many residential systems are connected to the grid wherever
available, especially in developed countries with large markets.
 In these grid-connected PV systems, use of energy storage is
optional. In certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or
in developing countries, batteries or additional power generators
are often added as back-ups. Such stand-alone power systems
permit operations at night and at other times of limited sunlight.

14. PV modules
for domestic
purposes
PV Array

16. I. There are seven types of lights in the
sunlight :- VIBGYOR
• Violet
• Indigo
• Blue
• Green
• Yellow
• Orange
• Red
 The solar panel works best in the red light
whereas it works the poorest in violet light
and medium in the green light.

17.  Solar energy is a completely renewable resource.
 Solar cells make absolutely no noise at all.
 Solar energy creates absolutely no pollution.
 Very little maintenance is required to keep solar cells
running.
 Solar panels and solar lighting may seem quite
expensive when you first purchase it, but in the long
run you will find yourself saving quite a great deal of
money
 Solar powered panels and products are typically
extremely easy to install.
 As our oil reserves decline, it is important for us to
turn to alternative sources for energy.

18.  Solar energy is not available
at night. Storing energy is an
important issue in order to get
continuous supply of power.
 Solar energy can be stored at
high temperatures using
molten salts. Salts are an
effective storage medium as
the cost low having specific
heat capacity.
 Off grid systems use
recharges batteries to store
excess electricity that can be
sent to transmission grid.

19.  resemble traditional power plants
 generation based on steam and is large scale
 use standard equipment for power generation
 can be built in small sizes and added to as needed
 can achieve high steam operating temperatures,
allowing more efficient power generation
 capable of combined heat and power generation
 steam for absorption chillers, industrial process heat,
desalination
 Non-carbon emitting power generation
 incorporates storage
 storage not major part of generation cost
 size of steam power plant that lacks storage does not have to
be increased when storage added
 added storage cost effective if energy sold at peak hours
 allows generation to match utility load profile
 can be hybridized with intermittent renewables
19

20.  high upfront capital costs for concentrators and storage
 require unscattered “direct normal” solar radiation, thus
limiting where CSP plants can be located
 desert areas are best (but also arid)
 require cooling, as with any steam power plant, creating a
requirement for water or air cooling
 water limitations may necessitate air cooling in many locations,
with penalty in capital cost, generating efficiency and energy
cost
 require large surface areas for placement of concentrators
20

21. 1.Concentrated solar
power
2.Photovoltaic
3.Solar vehicles
4.Solar heater
5.Solar cooker
6.Passive solar energy
7.Satellites and
spacecrafts
8.Small appliances like
calculator
9.Remote Sensing
10.Emergency
Roadside Telephones

22.  Why India Needs CSP
 Indian Energy scenario
 Global trends
 Climate Change Action Plan

23. 29th July 2009
ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable
Energy Conference, New Delhi
71%
7,231 MW
29%
2,944 MW
Other RE
Wind
Total installed capacity as on
31.3.2009 is 148265.4
78%
90%
9,755 MW
10%
1,141 MW
Other RE
Wind
10,897 MW
23%
Hydro
RES
34%
Nuclear
3%
Gas
10%
Diesel
1%
Coal
52%
RES Gas Nuclear Diesel Coal
39,222 MW

24.  Coal
 Major energy source.
 Biomass
 Primary source of cooking energy in > 80%
rural households.
 Electricity
 All India average shortage ~ 11.6 %
 Peak Load supply shortage ~ 15 %
 Base Load supply shortage ~ 9 %
 Energy security concern
 Around 75 % of the petroleum supply is
imported
 Even coal is being imported

25. Poor electrification status
 78 million households (44%) in the country do not
have access to electricity
 1,25,000 villages are un-electrified
 Electricity supply situation is generally poor in even
electrified villages

26. 0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031
InstalledCapacity(MW)
7% GDP growth
8% GDP growth
Source: Planning Commission, 2005

27. Percentage distribution of primary commercial energy supply-
2031
0
20
40
60
80
100
Reference Evolution Resolution Ambition
Scenarios
%
Coal Natural Gas Oil Hydro Nuclear Renewables

28.  Proposed targets
 20 GW by 2020
 100 GW by 2030 or 10-12% of total power generation
capacity estimated for that year
 4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing capability by
2017

29. Source: REN21, 2009
BillionDollars
Investments in
solar PV 32%
(US$38.4 billion)

30.  5 trillion kWh/year theoretical potential
 Sunny areas
 Most of the country receives more than 4kWh/m2
/day
 More than 300 sunny days in the most part of the
country
 Potential being mapped by IMD, and few other
institutes.
 IMD, MNRE has published solar energy
resource handbook


31. Solar radiation map of India
If one percent of the
land is used to
harness solar energy
for electricity
generation at an
overall efficiency of
10%; 492 x 106
MU/year electricity
can be generated

32.  GBI (Generation Based incentives) for Solar
power projects (2008)
 Solar Mission under National Action Plan for
Climate Change
 GBIs and incentive schemes from state
governments

33.  More than 10 different technology
combinations
 More than 400MW installed capacity
 More than 8GW installed capacity projects
announced

34.  Global hub for manufacturing CSP
 Global test facilities
 Different climatic conditions
 Abundant sunlight
 Technical man power
 Large scale Power plants
 4-5 GW by 2020 is easily possible
 Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP,
Haryana , Tamilnadu, AP potential states

35.  Government
 Back up the plans with realistic and strong policy
push
 Solar plants and manufacturing base development
 Low cost financing and fiscal incentives
 Industry
 Move fast to develop manufacturing capability
 Develop R & D base
 Appropriate technology adaptation
 Financing and insurance institutions
 Low cost financing
 Risk mitigation instruments for solar plants

36.  Strong long term policy initiative
 Support to various promising technologies
 Cost should not be barrier in initial projects
 National Plan for large scale solr power
development
 Solar Park concept
 Solar CSP test facilities in atleast two locations
 Incentives for industries to develop sub-components
(e.g.mirrors, Coatings, Structures)
 Indigenous technology development

37.  Long term low cost finance for capital
investments
 RE targets for Distribution agencies can be
enhanced
 RE targets for industries, Gencos?

38. 29th July 2009
ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable
Energy Conference, New Delhi
Be the change you want to see in the world
A technological society has two choices. First it can wait until
catastrophic failures expose systemic deficiencies, distortion and
self-deceptions…
Secondly, a culture can provide social checks and balances to
correct for systemic distortion prior to catastrophic failures.

39. Thank you