Safety Education

1. • Preparation
for Disaster
Values in First
Aid Training
• Safety
Awareness
Prepared by:
BLESSLY GRACE R. ROSERO
BSED 3-U, BUCE

2. What is disaster
management ???
 “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence
that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, deterioration of health and health
services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
 “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victims
cannot alleviate without assistance”.
American Red Cross
(ARC) ’

3. What is Disaster ManagementWhat is Disaster Management

4. What it involves ??
 Dealing with and avoiding both natural
and man made disasters.
 Preparedness before disaster.
 Rebuilding and supporting society after
natural disasters.

5. BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
 Enormous population pressures and
urbanization
 A flood, a drought or an earthquake millions
of peoples are affected each time a disaster
occurs
 Large-scale displacement and the loss of
life, loss of property and agricultural crops

6.  The reasons for this are varied including:
 an increasing population pressures in urban
areas
 an increase in the extent of encroachment
into lands, e.g., river beds or drainage
courses, low lying areas etc.
 poor or ignored zoning laws and policies
 lack of proper risk management (insurance)
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

7. TYPES OF DISASTERTYPES OF DISASTER

8. FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTERFACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER

9. CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTERCHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER
 Predictability
 Controllability
 Speed of onset
 Length of
forewarning
 Duration of impact
 Scope and intensity
of impact

10. PHASES OF DISASTERPHASES OF DISASTER

12. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTPRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 Disaster management is the responsibility of all
spheres of government
 Disaster management should use resources that
exist for a day-to-day purpose.
 Organizations should function as an extension of
their core business
 Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
 Disaster management planning should focus on
large-scale events.

13. Contd….Contd….
 DM planning should recognize the difference
between incidents and disasters.
 DM planning must take account of the type of
physical environment and the structure of the
population.
 DM arrangements must recognise the
involvement and potential role of non-
government agencies.

14. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTPHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

15. Disaster preparednessDisaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of
money, manpower and materials
 Evaluation from past experiences about risk
 Location of disaster prone areas
 Organization of communication, information
and warning system
 Ensuring co-ordination and response
mechanisms

16.  Development of public education
programme
 Co-ordination with media
 National & international relations
 Keeping stock of foods, drug and other
essential commodities.
Contd….Contd….

17. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role
in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has
5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai &
Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long
the east coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the
disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.
 Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 UNICEF
 World Food Programme (WFP)
 Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations
 Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE)
 International committee of Red cross
 International committee of Red cross

18. DisasterDisaster impactimpact

19. Disaster responseDisaster response
 Epidemiologic surveillance and disease
control
 Vaccination
 Nutrition

20. Rehabilitation phaseRehabilitation phase
 Water supply
 Food safety
 Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
 Vector control

21. Disaster mitigationDisaster mitigation
 This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
 These include depending upon the disaster, protection of
vulnerable population and structure.
Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other
buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.
 Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health
services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the
cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction.
This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster
response activities.

22. DISASTER-EFFECTSDISASTER-EFFECTS
 Deaths
 Disability
 Increase in communicable disease
 Psychological problems
 Food shortage
 Socioeconomic losses
 Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
 Environmental disruption

23. DISASTER RECOVERYDISASTER RECOVERY
 Successful Recovery Preparation
 Be vigilant in Health teaching
 Psychological support
 Referrals to hospital as needed
 Remain alert for environmental health
 Nurse must be attentive to the danger

24. Areas of Concern
 Activating an Early Warning System network and its
close monitoring
 Mechanisms for integrating the scientific,
technological and administrative agencies for
effective disaster management
 Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the
event of a rapid onset disaster
 Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply,
communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to
disaster events

25. Contd…
 Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.
 Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.
 Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data,
information and local knowledge on disaster history and
traditional response patterns.
 Need for standardized efforts in compiling and interpreting
geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and early warning signals.
 Weak areas continue to be forecasting, modeling, risk
prediction, simulation and scenario analysis, etc.

26. Contd…
 Absence of a national level, state level, and district level
directory of experts and inventory of resources.
 Absence of a National Disaster Management Plan, and
State level and district level disaster management plans.
 Sustainability of efforts
 Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard
Operating Procedures for stakeholder groups, especially
critical first responder agencies.
 Emergency medicine, critical care medicine, triage, first
aid

27. Dynamics of Disasters
 There is a high probability or a low probability for an
event happening somewhere sometime soon…
 The unpredictability of disaster events and the high
risk and vulnerability profiles make it imperative to
strengthen disaster preparedness, mitigation and
enforcement of guidelines, building codes and
restrictions on construction of buildings in flood-prone
areas and storm surge prone coastal areas.

28. Lessons Learnt
 Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is
bound to yield more effective returns than
distributing relief after a disaster.
 Create a Culture of Preparedness and
Prevention.
 Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders

29. Future Directions
 Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks
 Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more
effective preparedness, mitigation and response
(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence,
Homeguards)
 Increased capacity building leads to faster
vulnerability reduction.
 Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,
mitigation and disaster response

30. Future Directions
 Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help
Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati
Raj Institutions
 Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock
drills and Scenario Analysis
 Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices
 Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management

31. Invest in Preparedness
 Investments in Preparedness and Prevention
(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than
spending money on relief after a disaster.
 Most disasters are predictable, especially in their
seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which are
vulnerable.
 Communities must be involved in disaster
preparedness.

32.  Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child
friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly
disaster management
 Technology driven but people owned
 Knowledge Management: Documentation and
dissemination of good practices
 Public Private Partnership
Future Directions

33. DISASTER NURSINGDISASTER NURSING
 It can be defined as the adaptation of
professional nursing skills in recognizing
and meeting the nursing, physical and
emotional needs resulting from a
disaster.

34. Any QuestionsAny Questions ????

35. Safety Awareness
Health and Safety
Health and safety is intended to bring
about condition free from risk of injury
or threat to our health and well-being.
This objective is not a natural state of
affairs.

36. Workplace accidents, illness and incidents
are preventable
provided that
Health and
Safety
is Managed

37. What could happen?
Near-miss Minor
injury
Major
injury
Death

38. Kinds of Accidents

39. Why Report Accidents?
Accidents should be reported because:
• The law requires some specific types of
accidents to be reported to the Enforcing
Authorities.
• The University Safety Policy requires all
accidents and near misses to be reported
to the USO.
• It enables investigations so as to prevent
further accidents.

40. Safety Management
This begins with Policy
and uses tools such as Local Rules
and Risk Assessment to establish
control of the hazards and risks of
work.
It is a specific legal duty to manage
safety so that all risks are suitably
and sufficiently controlled.

41. Identifying the main hazards
Examples which affect safety and/or health:
• Biological hazards
• Chemicals
• Fire
• Radiation
• Waste
• Electricity
• Noise and Vibration
• Lifting and carrying
• Repetitive movements

42. Biohazards
Classification of organisms
Control of Pathogens
(inc. inoculations)
Control of spread of organisms
Control of GM work

43. Chemicals
 COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health.
 This applies to all chemicals and substances
(including cultures) used in labs and elsewhere.
 There are specific additional measures for very
high risk chemicals and substances – in
particular
Cyanides Pathogens Asthmagens
 This is dealt with in more detail in the
Risk Assessment Training provided by the USO.

44. Fire
All Fire Alarms must be treated as
genuine
Evacuate immediately
Close doors and windows as you leave
Go to the assembly point

45. Actions to take to prevent Fire
Keep smoke doors closed
Do not obstruct escape
corridors
Store fire risk materials correctly
Control wastes.

46. Radiation
Very heavily controlled by the HSE and the
Environment Agency. Specific laws relating to
the use, storage and disposal of radioactive
materials.
 Use is restricted to controlled areas.
 Only authorised persons permitted to use
radiation.
 All use must be recorded, and all wastes
controlled.
 Very specific Local Rules are in force.
 Good technique main protection against
contamination.

47. Waste
Many accidents are caused by
incorrect disposal of wastes.
Wastes must be segregated by
law.
University has strict rules.
Errors put others at risk.

48. Legal Duties
COMMON LAW
duty of one individual to another -
“Duty of Care”
STATUTE LAW
Criminal Law
duty between individual and the
state

49. The costs of failure
 Health and safety law is Criminal Law
 Failure to manage health and safety can result in:
• prosecution,
fines and imprisonment
• compensation claims
• loss of output or service
• replacement costs
• loss of reputation