1. Subject: Geography
For Class: IX & XI

2. PRESENTED BY:
ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA
Address: (Personal) Address: (Official)
At: Srikrisna Nagar At: JNV, Koraput
Po: Loisingha Po: OMP Line
Dist: Bolangir Dist: Koraput
Orissa-767020 Orissa
Phone No:
9437146288
E-mail:
canyon_geo@yahoo.com
Tiger_sir@rediffmail.com

3. ► Familiarize students with the terms, key
concepts and basic principles associated with
the climate of India.
► Provide them idea about the mechanism of
Indian monsoon.
► Study the climate of India through the
understanding and analysis of local climate.
► Explore the causative factor of the spatial
variations in the climate of the country.
► Understand and analyze the variation of climatic
phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.
► Make students aware of the change in climate
(global warming) at local level to understand it
at national and global level.

4. Watch Out Weather News…………….
Hot weather season Monsoon season
Cold Weather Season Tropical Cyclone
Four Videos Embedded:
Please right click over the dark square to choose Play or Stop one after another.

5. CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
Part-I Climatic Diversity of India
Part-II
Factors Affecting Climate of India
Part-III Rhythm of Seasons
Part-IV
Distribution of Rainfall
Part-V Change of Climate
Please click on the box to navigate to the pages

6. Why does weather change
spatially & temporally?
Let us
examine…

7. Drass -450C in
December night
Tawang 190C in
550C temperature June
in June
Thar desert
Diurnal range of
temperature 300C
Jaisalmer
receives 9cm Cherrapunji &
rainfall Mawsynram have
1080cm rain
Tiruvanantapuram &
Chennai 200C in Kerala Diurnal
December night range of
temperature 80C
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

8. MORE DIVERSITIES…………………..
Churu in Rajasthan records a It is 19°C in Tawang
temperature of 50°C or more (Arunachal Pradesh) on the
on a June day. same day.
Snow fall over the Only rainfall over rest of
Himalayas. India.
Most parts of India receives Tamilnadu coast remains dry
rainfall during June to during these months.
September.
Tura of Meghalaya receives Very low rainfall in North west
rainfall in a single day is Himalayas and western
equal to the total rainfall of Rajastan which is equal to
Ten years in Jaisalmer of 10cm per year.
Rajastan.
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

9. ► Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C,
D and E.
► Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different
cities of India from web site
www.allrainfallreports.com .
► Collect the rainfall and temperature data of your town
and compare it with the data of other cities of India.
► Make a comparative study of temperature and rainfall
data of different districts of Orissa. (Source-
Climatological survey of Orissa 1987-2003 & District
statistical handbooks)
► Write about the climate of your district and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com .
► Make a power point presentation of all the activities
you have done.
CLICK ON ICON TO
Download Template DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

10. FAQ
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
RELATED TO LOCATION RELATED TO AIR
& RELIEF PRESSURE & WIND
•Latitude Surface pressure & wind
•Altitude Upper air circulation
•Relief Western cyclones
•Distance from Sea
•The Himalayan Mt.
•Distribution of Land & water

11. LATITUDE
FAQ
TROP
IC OF
CANC High range
ER of Temp
High Temp
Low range
EQUATORIAL REGION

12. Cold
Wav
e
Cold
Wav
e
Cold
THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER
Wav
e
Cold
Wav
e
d
Win
oon
M ons d
n Win
soo
Mon d
Win
on
nso
Mo d
Win
on
nso
Mo

13. DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER
FAQ
LO
W
PR
HIGH PRESSURE
ES
S
IN WINTER UR
EI
NS
UM
ME
R
ARABIAN
BAY OF
SEA
BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN

14. DISTANCE FROM SEA
SIMLA
DELHI
KOLKOTA
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
Coastal areas have equable climate where as
Interior parts have extreme climate.

15. ALTITUDE
FAQ
Temperature decreased
from low to high altitude
HIGH ALTITUDE
e
ur
at
r
pe
AGRA
m
DARJILING
Te
160C in Jan
n i
40C in January
se
ea
cr
De
LOW ALTITUDE

16. RELIEF
FAQ
W estern
Receives high
rainfall
Ghat M
t.
d
in
W d
n in Receives low
oo W
ns n in
d
M
o
ns
oo W rainfall
o o n
M so
on
M

17. SURFACE WIND
POLAR
HIGH
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE NORTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
SOUTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
POLAR
HIGH

18. JET STREAM IN WINTER
TIBET

19. JET STREAM IN SUMMER

20. WESTERN DISTURBANCE
Mediter
ranean
sea

21. EL-NINO EFFECTS
FAQ
1990
Delay in
Monsoon
Equatorial Warm
Peru
Current
El-Nino
Homboldt Cold
Current

22. SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
Darwin
Tahiti

23. Prepare a ppt. answering the following:
► Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over
different parts of world and prepare a presentation
and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Explain the factors affecting the climate of your
region in a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com
page.
► Invite your friends to your www.think.com or
www.epal.com site to explain about the climate of
their region.
► Explain how jet stream affect the climate of India in
word/pdf file and upload it to the suitable web page.
► Compare how relief affect the climate of your region.
CLICK ON ICON TO
Microsoft DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

24. RHYTHM OF SEASONS
HOT WEATHER
HOT WEATHER RETREATING MONSOON
RETREATING MONSOON
COLD WEATHER SOUTH WEST MONSOON
SOUTH WEST MONSOON
Let us discuss each of them individually

25. COLD WEATHER SEASON
► It extends from
December to February.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards southern
hemisphere.
► North India experiences
intense cold where as
this season is not well
defined in south India.
► Light wind blow makes
this season pleasant in
Tropical Cyclone
south India.
► Occasional tropical
cyclone visit eastern
coast in this season.
Rhythm of Seasons

26. TEMPERATURE- JANUARY
100C`
150C
200C
200C
250C 200C
200C
250C
Rhythm of Seasons

27. PRESSURE- JANUARY
10
18
HIGH
PRESSURE
1
10 019
10
18
18
10
17
10
16
10
15
1014
Rhythm of Seasons

28. WIND DIRECTION- WINTER
No
r the
rn
Pl
ain
Ganga
Delta
Bay of Bengal
Rhythm of Seasons

29. WINTER RAINFALL
RAINFALL DUE
TO WESTERN
DISTURBANCES
RAINFALL DUE
TO NORTH EAST
WIND
Rhythm of Seasons

30. HOT WEATHER SEASON
► It extends from March
to May.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards Northern
hemisphere.
► Temperature rises May 480C
gradually from south
to north. April 380C
► Highest Temperature
experiences in
Karnataka in March,
March 300C
Madhya Pradesh in
April and Rajastan in
May.
Rhythm of Seasons

31. TEMPERATURE- JULY
250C
20 0C
300C 25
0
C
20
0
C
30
0
C
30 0C
Rhythm of Seasons

32. PRESSURE- JULY
7
99
998 999
100
0
100
1
100
3 100
2
100 100
5 4
6
100 100
7
Rhythm of Seasons

33. STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON
FAQ
BARDOLI
CHHEERHA
LOO
KALBAISAKHI
MANGO
SHOWER
BLOSSOM
SHOWER
Rhythm of Seasons

34. SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from June
to September.
► Intense heating in
north west India
creates low pressure HIGH TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE
region.
► Low pressure attract
the wind from the
surrounding region.
► After having rains for
a few days sometime
monsoon fails to
occur for one or more
weeks is known as
break in the monsoon.
Rhythm of Seasons

35. MONSOON WIND
Arabian sea
Bay of Bengal
Branch Branch
INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
EQUATOR
e
ad
e
e
e
ad
ad
ad
Tr
Rhythm of Seasons
Tr
Tr
Tr
SE
SE
SE
SE

36. ONSET OF SW MONSOON
e
Jun
15 th
y
Jul
y
th
Jul
15
1 st
e
Jun
th
10
ne
th Ju ne
5 st Ju
1
Rhythm of Seasons

37. RETREATING MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from October
to November
► Vertical sun rays start
shifting towards
Northern hemisphere.
► Low pressure region LOW PRESSURE
shift from northern parts
of India towards south.
► Owing to the conditions
of high temperature and
humidity, the weather
becomes rather
oppressive. This is
commonly known as the
‘October heat’
Rhythm of Seasons

38. WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON
pt.
Se
15 th
.
pt
th Se
7
.
pt
th Se
30 r
b er be
to o
c ct
th O th O
7 15
Rhythm of Seasons

39. Prepare a ppt. answering the following:
► Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your
region in a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Search friends from different parts of India and
seek their comments and compare the seasonal
difference in climate of different parts of India by
using www.think.com.
► Prepare an analysis of yearly temperature and
rainfall data by using different graphs and upload it
to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Collect photographs of monsoon and upload to
www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

40. DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL
> 200cm
100-200cm
50-100 cm
< 50cm

41. VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL
► The variability of rainfall is
► The variability of rainfall is
computed with the help of
computed with the help of
the following formula:
the following formula:
C.V.= Standard Deviation/
C.V.= Standard Deviation/
Mean **100
Mean 100
► Variability of less than 25%
► Variability of less than 25%
exist in Western coasts,
exist in Western coasts,
Western
Western Ghats,
Ghats,
northeastern
northeastern peninsula,
peninsula,
eastern plain of the Ganga,
eastern plain of the Ganga,
northern India, Uttaranchal,
northern India, Uttaranchal,
SW J & K & HP.
SW J & K & HP.
► Variability of more then 50%
► Variability of more then 50%
found in Western Rajastan,
found in Western Rajastan,
J & K and interior parts of
J & K and interior parts of
Deccan.
Deccan.
► Region with high rainfall has
► Region with high rainfall has
less variability.
less variability.

42. Prepare a power point presentation answering
the following:
► Why there is variation of rainfall in different
parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and
upload.
► Calculate the variability of rainfall of your
region.
► Compare the variability of rainfall with the total
rainfall of your region.
► Measure the rainfall in your school and record
it in a spread sheet for analysis.
► Read out the rainfall and temperature data of
your school daily in the morning assembly.
CLICK ON ICON TO
Download Template DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

43. CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORMING
FOREST FLOOD
FIRE
SPREAD OF SINKING
TROPICAL SEA LEVEL
RISE COAST
DISEASES
MELTING
OF ICE
INCREASE IN RISE
TSUNAMI &
GREEN HOUSE IN
EARTHQUAKE
GASES TEMPERATURE
EXCESSIVE
SUN STROKE
FO
SCA OD
RCIT
Y LOSS OF
BIODIVERSITY

44. SOME INTERESTING FACTS
► Temperature increased by 0.600C in 20th century.
► Temperature increased by 0.6 C in 20th century. FAQ
► Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within
► Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within
1995 to 2006.
1995 to 2006.
► Annual rate of increase of CO22 is 1.9ppm after
► Annual rate of increase of CO is 1.9ppm after
1995.
1995.
► Concentration of methane increased from
► Concentration of methane increased from
700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and
700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and
Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as
Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as
CFC increased from zero to 533ppb.
CFC increased from zero to 533ppb.
► Rising of temperature to 300C will lead to melting
► Rising of temperature to 3 C will lead to melting
of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto
of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto
15 feet.
15 feet.
► Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok,
► Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok,
Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger.
Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger.

45. CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA
► India has long coast line
► India has long coast line
and rise of sea level will
and rise of sea level will
submerge large area.
submerge large area.
► A population of 7.1
► A population of 7.1
million living in coastal
million living in coastal
areas will be affected.
areas will be affected.
► Production of crops like
► Production of crops like
wheat, rice etc will
wheat, rice etc will KOLKOTA
decrease.
decrease. MUMBAI
► The natural disasters
► The natural disasters
like cyclone, floods and
like cyclone, floods and CHENNAI
drought will increase in
drought will increase in
frequency as well as
frequency as well as
intensity.
intensity.

46. WHAT CAN BE DONE???
►Switch off the light, fan, TV and other
energy using gadgets when they are not in
use.
►Do not use those equipments that pollute or
consume more energy.
►create public awareness.
►use renewable energy resources like solar,
wind, biomass etc.
►International conferences like Earth
Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen
summit, 2009 are some steps to bring
consensus for crusade against Climate
Change.

47. ► Ask elders of your family or village about their
perception of change in climate and explain it in
a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com .
► Give an analysis of change in temperature of
your region by collecting data of fifteen years
from climatological survey of orissa.
► Explain what you can do to reduce the impact of
climate change.
► Ask your friends through www.think.com about
their contribution to reduce the impact of climate
change.
► Prepare a power point presentation explaining
all above.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

48. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. Name the factors affecting climate of Answer
India .
2. What is meant by El-nino? Answer
3. Why the south western part of
peninsular India receives high rainfall? Answer
4. Name the important green house gases. Answer
5. How altitude affects climate? Answer
6. How distance from sea affect climate? Answer
7. What is meant by mango shower? Answer
8. What is meant by Inter Tropical
Answer
Convergence Zone?

49. EVALUATION RUBRIC
Sl Evaluation
No. points Excellent Very Good Good
Participation All the members have Some Members have Few members have
of all members participated participated. participated.
1 of the group (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Technology used for
Efficient use presentation, collection of Technology used for
of technology information and presentation and collection Technology used for
in self- understanding. of information. presentation only.
2 learning (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Collection of Information collected are new, Information collected are Information collected are
new relevant and latest. new and relevant. new only.
3 information (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Presentation of topic was Presentation of topic was
Presentation clear, able to clarify doubts clear and able to clarify Presentation of topic was
of Topic in the and with proper flow of topic. doubts. clear only.
4 classroom (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Innovation in presentation, Innovation in presentation
Development collection of new information and collection of new Innovation in
of Innovative and use of technology. information. presentation only.
5 Thinking (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Total 25 15 10
Mark
Obtained
Evaluate the classroom presentation of other groups and assign marks.
Evaluate the classroom presentation of other groups and assign marks.

50. CITATION
► Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of
monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography;
Mausam, 47, 235-248.
► Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H. Saji and W. Lee, 2009 :
Processes and boreal summer impacts of the 2004 El Nino Modoki: An
AGCM study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04703,
doi:10.1029/2008GL036313, 1-5.
► Bannerji, S. K., 1950 : Methods of forecasting monsoon and winter
rainfall in India. Ind. J. Met. and Geophys., 4, 343-346.
► Bhalme, H.N. and Jadhav, S.K., 1984: The southern oscillation and its
relation to the monsoon rainfall. J.Climatol., 4, 509-520.
► Krishnakumar V. and K. ‑M. Lau, 1997 : Symmetric Instability of
Monsoon Flows. Tellus 49 A, 228‑245.
► Physical Geography of India, NCERT, class-IX
► Economic & Commercial Geography of India, C.B. Memoria.
► Regional Geography of India, R.L. Singh.
► www.imd.gov.in
► http://tinyurl.com/q4a6mg
► http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4755025.cms
► http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP

51. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Heartiest Thanks to
Mr. S. K. Tripathy, Principal
JNV, Koraput
Mr. R. P. Maharana, TGT-
English, JNV, Koraput
Project Learning, Microsoft,
for providing me training.