5. F ORMAL O RGANIZATION Informal Activity I NFORMAL O RGANIZATION
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10. F ACTORS D ETERMINES A N E FFECTIVE S PAN Continue… Verifiable objectives used as standards Non-verifiable objectives and standards Slow changes in external and internal environment Fast Changes in external and internal environment Well defined plans for repetitive operations Unclear plans for non- repetitive operations Use of appropriate techniques such as proper organization structure with effective communication. Use of poor or inappropriate communication, techniques, including vague instructions Clear delegation to undertake well defined tasks Inadequate or unclear authority delegation Thorough training of subordinates Little or no Training. W IDE S PAN N ARROW S PAN
11. F ACTORS D ETERMINES A N E FFECTIVE S PAN Competent and trained manager Incompetent and untrained manager Subordinates willingness to assume responsibility and reasonable risks. Subordinates unwillingly to assume responsibility and reasonable risks Number of Specialists at upper levels Greater numbers of specialists at lower and middle levels Mature Subordinates Immature Subordinates Effective Meetings Ineffective Meetings Effective interaction between superior and subordinates Ineffective interaction of superior and subordinate W IDE S PAN N ARROW S PAN
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14. W HO I S E NTREPRENEUR ? Continue… Starts from scratch and brings into being something that was not there before . Creates just cannot stop being an entrepreneur. Habitually Emphasizes a personality rather than a system A person can be an individual entrepreneur, but also an entrepreneurial team or even entrepreneurial organization. Entrepreneur
15. W HO I S E NTREPRENEUR ? Spotting the opportunity to exploit an idea that may or may not be original to the entrepreneur. Perceived opportunities Encompasses economic, commercial, social, or aesthetic value. Recognized value Describes the output of the creation and innovation process Builds something Able to overcome obstacles that would stop most people; turns problems and risks into opportunities; delivers - sees ideas through to final application. Innovates
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