Climate change is the activity that alters the composition of the atmosphere, which creates unstable climate. If temperatures rise up by 5 degrees it will lead to more droughts, less snow coverage, threaten/extinction of some plants and animal species, devastation of Great Barrier Reed and Kakadu wetlands. This presentation addressing sea level rise in Sydney Harbour.

1. bio (diverse) city crisis scenario: climate change matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson

2. climate change matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson (UNFCCC.) a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods

5. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson The 2003 drought cost 70,000 jobs , $13 billion and cut 1.6% off GDP ACF Higher inland temperature are likely to cause more bushfires Australia's inconvenient truth ACF climate change australia

6. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson there has already been an increase of 0.7degrees over the last 100 years CSIRO change in rainfall patterns have increased salinity and decreased soil fertility in the SW wheat belt Diamond. J Australias rainfall over the past fifty-four years. the darkest red areas indicate losses of more than 50mm of rain per decade, while the darkest blue have gained a similar amount. over the past half-century this equates to a 250mm increase or deficit national all of Australia's major cities and most of our productive agricultural land have received less rain because of climate change. Flannery, T. climate change australia

7. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson predicted impacts most of Australia will warm by 0.4 – 2.0 o C by 2030, and 1.0 - 6 o C by 2070 annual rainfall will generally decrease in the south and east, whilst inland and coastal eastern areas will experience wetter summers evaporation will increase annually and for all seasons average decreases in annual water balance are protected to range from about 40 to 120mm per degree of global warming extreme rainfall and tropical cyclones more intense CSIRO, National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan, 2007 Up to 1 degree change 70% increase in droughts in NSW Australian snow cover shrinks by 10-40% ACF 1-2 degree change 40% loss of core habitat for eucalyptus and 100%of Acacia species eliminated in SW Australia 2-3 degree change total devastation of the Great Barrier Reef due to coral bleaching 80% of kakadu wetland lost 3-4 degree change 48% less water flow in the Murray Darling Basin 50% of the 65 species unique to the wet tropics will become extinct. 4-5 degree change 60-90% loss of core habitat for Victoria and tropical mountains 50% of the 65 species unique 180 days a year above 35 degrees in South Australia and Northern Territory above 5 degree change 90-100% loss of core habitat for most Australian vertebrates Dengue fever transmission zone could reach Brisbane and Sydney Stern Review climate change + biodiversity australia

8. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson modeling climate change from emissions to impact- (simplification as, in the real climate-human system, there will be feedbacks between many links in the chain) Stern Review co2 emissions as a result of human activities, such as land clearing natural process the earth is in a constant state of change combination human activity has accelerated the rate of change climate change + biodiversity catalysts

9. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson bleaching events more frequent and severe one in every four species spend a part of its life in a coral reef .45 degree increase of sea surface temperature carbon dioxide reducing rates of coral calcification income of $1 billion annually in direct value 1.6 million tourists visit the great barrier reef region each year (National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan, 2007) (Flannery, T., Weather Makers) http://www.reef.crc.org.au/publications/techreport/pdf/Harriott46.pdf climate change + biodiversity the great barrier reef

10. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson pollination carried out by insects and birds is roughly valued at $3 billion Archer. M Stern review economic value Shoalhaven River Dam by opting for water price reforms and public education aimed at reducing water usage, sydney has been able to postpone the building of the Shoalhaven River Dam, saving hundreds of millions of dollars and indirectly reducing loss of biodiversity the Aus native forests provide environmental benefits estimated to have the value of $14 billion Archer. M the cost of acting later rather than now will be 5 -20 times greater climate change + biodiversity sydney

12. how old will you be? matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson by 2030 + 2 degrees 70% increase in droughts in NSW 40% loss of core habitat for eucalyptus cane toads and red ants have invaded sydney threatening agriculture and native ecosystems rapid extinction of birds 16% increase in evaporation decreased rainfall by 10% annually sea level rise of 2m serious decline of wetland ecosystems invasion of exotic plant species extreme disturbance to breeding patterns as sea temperature rises, we will experience more severe storms I WILL BE 44 YEARS OLD

13. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson “ Make the wrong choices now and future generations will live with a changed climate, depleted resources and without green space and biodiversity that contribute to our standard of living and our quality of life.” Tony Blair, March 2005 by 2070 + 6 degrees I WILL BE 84 YEARS OLD 48% less water flow in the Murray Darling Basin 90-100% loss of core habitat for most Australian vertebrates dengue fever transmission zone could reach Brisbane and Sydney Stern Review melting of ice caps minimum sea level increase of 5.5m Gore, A