1. BIOL 2064 - 91 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Chapter 3 Cells Edited by Brenda Holmes MSN/Ed, RN Associate Professor South Arkansas Community College

5. Cell Membrane (a) “ Heads” of phospholipid “ Tails” of phospholipid Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a: © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc. Fibrous protein Carbohydrate Glycolipid Glycoprotein Extracellular side of membrane Cytoplasmic side of membrane Cholesterol molecules Globular protein Double layer of Phospholipid molecules Hydrophobic fatty acid “ tail” Hydrophilic Phosphate “ head” Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cell membrane Cell membrane (b)

6. 3.1 Clinical Application Faulty Ion Channels Cause Disease

14. 3.2 Clinical Application Disease at the Organelle Level

18. Animation: How Diffusion Works Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

20. Animation: How Facilitated Diffusion Works Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

21. Animation: Diffusion Through Cell Membranes Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

23. Animation: How Osmosis Works Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

27. Animation: Primary Active Transport Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

28. Animation: Secondary Active Transport Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

30. Animation: How the Sodium-Potassium Pump Works Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

32. Endocytosis Cytoplasm V esicle (a) (b) (c) (d) Receptor protein Cell membrane Molecules outside cell Cell membrane indenting Receptor-ligand combination Nucleus Nucleolus Particle Vesicle Phagocytized particle Cell membrane Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

38. Mitosis Telophase and Cytokinesis Nuclear envelopes begin to reassemble around two daughter nuclei. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle disappears. Division of the cytoplasm into two cells. Anaphase Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of cell. Events begin which lead to cytokinesis. Metaphase Chromosomes align along equator, or metaphase plate of cell. Prophase Chromosomes condense and become visible. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse. Spindle apparatus forms. Late Interphase Cell has passed the restriction checkpoint and completed DNA replication, as well as replication of centrioles and mitochondria, and synthesis of extra membrane. Early Interphase of daughter cells— a time of normal cell growth and function. Cleavage furrow Nuclear envelopes Nuclear envelope Chromatin fibers Chromosomes Spindle fiber Centromere Aster Centrioles Late prophase Sister chromatids Microtubules Mitosis Cytokinesis S phase G 1 phase Interphase Restriction checkpoint (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © Ed Reschke G 2 phase

39. Animation: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

41. Animation: Control of the Cell Cycle Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

44. Animation: How Tumor Suppressor Genes Block Cell Division Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

46. Stem and Progenitor Cells one or more steps Sperm Egg Fertilized egg Stem cell Stem cell Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Blood cells and platelets Fibroblasts (a connective tissue cells) Bone cells Progenitor cell Astrocyte Neuron Skin cell Sebaceous gland cell produces another stem cell (self-renewal) Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

47. 3.1 From Science to Technology Therapeutic Stem Cells

53. Quiz 3 Complete Quiz 3 now! Read Chapter 4.