Building and Town Planning

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
BHAVNAGAR.
Civil Engineering Department

2. BUILDING AND TOWN
PLANNING
TOPIC :- SURVEYS
REQUIRED

3. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• NECESSITY OF SURVEYS
• COLLECTION OF DATA
• TYPES OF SURVEY
• USES OF SURVEY

4. INTRODUCTION
• THE SURVEYS ARE CARRIED OUT BY LOOKING FOR FACTS ALREADY RECORDED
BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS AND AUTHORITIES AND BY ORIGINAL FIELD WORK ON
THE SPOT.
• THE CHIEF SUBJECTS OF SURVEY ARE:-
• THE PEOPLE, THEIR INTEREST AND OCCUPATION AND HOW THEY FOLLOW THEM;
AND
• THE LAND AND BUILDINGS AND HOW THEY SERVER THEIR INTERESTS
• IT IS SAID THAT STATISTICS IS AN INVALUABLE TOOL IN THE HAND OF A TOWN
PLANNER.
• THE DATA COLLECTED IN SURVEYS ARE PROPERLY ANALYZED IN RELATION TO
THE AREA UNDER CONSIDERATION AND THEY ARE RECORDED ON MAPS,

5. NECESSITY OF SURVEYS
• THE TWO MAIN ADVANTAGES OF A FULLY DOCUMENTED AND
VIVIDLY ILLUSTRATED SURVEY ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. THE SURVEY DRAWS ATTENTION TO THE INTER-RELATION
BETWEEN VARIOUS COMPLICATED ACTIVITIES OF A TOWN LIFE.
2. THE SURVEYS STRESSES THE LOCAL REQUIREMENTS AND
APPROPRIATE TREATMENT TO BE GIVEN SOCIALLY,
CONVENIENTLY AND ARTISTICALLY.IT WORKS AS DIAGNOSIS
BEFORE TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE.

6. NECESSITY OF SURVEYS
• THUS THE ROLE PLAYED BY SURVEY IN THE SCIENCE OF TOWN
PLANNING IS A FOLLOWS:-
TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT;
TO PRESENT DETAILED REASONED REPORTS;
TO PROVIDE THE NECESSARY UNDERSTANDING
BEFORE DECISIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT ARE MADE;
AND
TO STUDY THE SITUATION OBJECTIVELY AND

7. COLLECTION OF DATA
• FOUR SURVEYS ARE CARRIED OUT TO COLLECT DATA AND
RELEVANT INFORMATION, REQUIRED IN THE PROCESS OF TOWN
PLANNING:
I. FUNCTIONAL SURVEY
II. SOCIAL SURVEY
III. TERRITORIAL SURVEY
IV. VITAL SURVEY

8. FUNCTIONAL SURVEY
• THE FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF A TOWN LIFE ARE STUDIED
UNDER THIS SURVEY. THE ITEMS WHICH ARE TO BE
INCLUDED CONSIST OF MEANS OF COMMUNICATION,
CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE,
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS
OF THE SCHEME.

9. FUNCTIONAL SURVEY
• TYPE OF INFORMATION COLLECTED:-
1) ROADS INCLUDING HISTORY OF ROADS, TRAFFIC SURVEY, DETAILS OF
WIDTH OF ROADS AND TREE PLANTING.
2) RAILWAYS WITH POSITION OF LEVEL CROSSING, PASSENGER STATIONS AND
GOODS SHEDS;
3) AIRPORTS AND SEAPORTS;
4) WATERWAYS AND CANALS;
5) ROUTES OF SERVICES BY BUS, TRAM, FERRY AND SUBURBAN RAILWAY;
6) MINES AND THEIR LOCATION AND
7) CONDITIONS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY.

10. SOCIAL SURVEY
• THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF A TOWN LIFE ARE STUDIED
UNDER THIS SURVEY. THE ITEMS WHICH ARE TO BE
INCLUDED CONSIST OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE,
HISTORY, ARCHITECTURE, HEALTH CONDITIONS,
HOUSING AND PUBLIC SERVICES.

11. SOCIAL SURVEY
• TYPE OF INFORMATION COLLECTED:-
1. ANCIENT RUINS;
2. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF THE LOCALITY INCLUDING LOCAL USAGES
;
3. HISTORY OF GROWTH FROM THE STUDY OF OLD MAPS;
4. CONDITIONS FAVORABLE FOR PRESERVATION OF WILD LIFE AND SPOTS OF
NATURAL BEAUTY;
5. BIRTH RATES, DEATH RATES AND CHARTS OF DISEASES;
6. RESIDENTIAL AREAS, INCLUDING HISTORICAL STUDIES, TYPES OF BUILDING,
SLUMS AND SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENT AND
7. PUBLIC SERVICES COMPRISING OF WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, DRAINAGE,

12. TERRITORIAL SURVEY
• THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF A TERRITORY ARE
STUDIED UNDER THIS SURVEY. THE ITEMS WHICH
ARE TO BE INCLUDED CONSIST OF PHYSICAL
FEATURES, AGRICULTURAL SOIL, FORESTS,
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND TYPES OF SOIL.

13. TERRITORIAL SURVEY
• TYPE OF INFORMATION COLLECTED:-
1. GEOLOGY SHOWING ARRANGEMENTS OF UNDERLYING ROCKS AND METHOD
RESPONSIBLE FOR FORMATION OF TOPOGRAPHY;
2. CONTOURS OF THE LAND SURFACE SHOWING BOTH THE ACTUAL HEIGHTS
AND VARIATIONS OF SURFACE;
3. RIVERS, OCEANS, STREAMS AND LAKES;
4. CLIMATIC CONDITION INCLUDING TEMPERATURE RANGE, RAINFALL AND
DIRECTION AND INTENSITY OF WINDS;
5. TYPES OF SOIL INCLUDING AREAS OF FIRST CLASS AGRICULTURAL SOIL;
6. FORESTS AND OTHER NATURAL VEGETATION; AND
7. AREAS WHICH ARE LOW-LYING AND ARE LIKELY TO SUBMERGE.

14. VITAL SURVEY
• THE POPULATION ASPECTS OF THE TOWN UNDER
CONSIDERATION ARE STUDIED UNDER THIS
SURVEY. THE ITEMS WHICH ARE TO BE INCLUDE
CONSIST OF ACTUAL POPULATION, DENSITY OF
POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONS OF PEOPLE.

15. VITAL SURVEY
• TYPE OF INFORMATION COLLECTED:-
1. HISTORY OF THE PAST GROWTH OF POPULATION;
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRESET POPULATION
3. FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE THE FUTURE RATE OF
GROWTH OF THE TOWN SUCH AS MIGRATION,
DECENTRALIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF NEW LOCAL INDUSTRIES
, ETC. ; AND
4. DENSITY OF POPULATION.

16. TYPES OF SURVEY
• THE VARIOUS TYPES OF SURVEY CONDUCTED FOR TOWN
PLANNING SCHEMES CAN BROADLY BE DIVIDED INTO THE
FOLLOWING FOUR TYPES:-
1. PRELIMINARY SURVEY.
2. NATIONAL SURVEY.
3. REGIONAL SURVEY.
4. CIVIC SURVEY.

17. • THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY IS IN THE FORM OF RESTRICTED INQUIRIES
MADE FOR THE TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES. THE DATA COLLECTED IN
THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY ARE OF A FAIRLY GENERAL NATURE AND IT IS
THE USUAL PRACTICE TO CONDUCT THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY PRIOR TO
NATIONAL, REGIONAL OR CIVIC SURVEY.
• THE MAIN OBJECT OF THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY IS TO DECIDE
APPROXIMATELY THE BOUNDARY OF ARE TO BE PLANNED AND TO FIND
OUT THE PROBLEMS REQUIRING FURTHER ATTENTION. THE PRELIMINARY
SURVEY ASCERTAINS THE FEATURE TO BE EMPHASIZED IN PLANNING SO
AS TO PROMOTE ECONOMIC STABILITY.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY

18. PRELIMINARY SURVEY
• THE TOPICS WHICH ARE USUALLY COVERED IN THE PRELIMINARY
SURVEY ARE AS FOLLOWS:-
1. ELECTRIC POWER
2. GENERAL AMENITIES
3. HIGHWAYS
4. HOUSING
5. INDUSTRIES
6. LAND USE
7. RAILWAYS
8. WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE
9. WATERWAYS.

19. NATIONAL SURVEY
• A STUDY OF NATIONAL RESOURCES AND POTENTIALITIES GIVES A
BROAD VISION FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF TOWN PLANNING
SCHEMES. THE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ADOPTED BY NATION
AS A WHOLE AFFECT CONSOIDERABLY THE PROPOSALS OF TOWN
PLANNING SCHEMES.
• FOR INSTANCE, IF IT IS DECIDED ON A NATIONAL LEVEL THAT THE
INDUSTRIES SHOULD BE DECENTRALIZED, IT SHOULD BE SEEN
WHILE RE-PLANNING BIG CITIES THAT THERE ARE NO ADDITIONAL
INDUSTRIES DEVELOPING IN THE TOWN.

20. NATIONAL SURVEY
• THE TOPICS WHICH ARE USUALLY COVERED IN THE PRELIMINARY
SURVEY ARE AS FOLLOWS:-
1. ADMINISTRATION
2. AGRICULTURE
3. COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
4. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
5. GEOGRAPHY
6. NATURAL RESOURCES
7. URBAN SETTLEMENT

21. REGIONAL SURVEY
• THE REGIONAL SURVEY IS CONDUCTED ON A SLIGHTLY BIGGER
SCALE AS COMPARED TO THE CIVIC SURVEY. THE PURPOSE OF
REGIONAL SURVEY AS COMPARED TO THE CIVIC SURVEY IS THE
SAME, NAMELY, TO INVESTIGATE THE ECONOMICAL, PHYSICAL
AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE AREA TO BE COVERED UP UNDER
THE TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES.
• THE INVESTIGATIONS MADE UNDER THE REGIONAL SURVEY ARE OF
GENERAL NATURE. IT IS QUITE EVIDENT THAT THE TOWN TO BE
PLANNED SHOULD FIT INTO THE REGIONAL SURVEY ARE MORE OR
LESS THE SAME AS THOSE OF THE CIVIC SURVEY.

22. CIVIC SURVEY
• THE CIVIC OR TOWN SURVEY IS CONDUCTED WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO THE CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN AND AROUND THE
TOWN TO BE PLANNED.
• THE TOPICS WHICH ARE USUALLY COVERED IN THE PRELIMINARY
SURVEY ARE AS FOLLOWS:-
1. COMMUNICATION AMENITIES
2. CONTOUR
3. EXISTING LAND USES AND LAND VALUES
4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
5. HOUSING

23. CIVIC SURVEY
• THE TOPICS WHICH ARE USUALLY COVERED IN THE PRELIMINARY
SURVEY ARE AS FOLLOWS:-
6. INDUSTRIES
7. POPULATION
8. PRESERVATION OF NATURAL FEATURES
9. PUBLIC BUILDINGS
10.PUBLIC HEALTH
11.PUBLIC SERVICES
12.TOPOGRAPHY

24. USES OF SURVEY
• THE DATA AND INFORMATION COLLECTED DURING THE SURVEY
WORK ARE USEFUL IN THE FOLLOWING RESPECTS:-
1) TO GIVE THE TOWN PLANNER SOME BASIS FOR HIS THINKING
AND WORKING.
2) TO PROVIDE THE RELEVANT INFORMATION REGARDING THE
COMMUNITY TO BE SERVED BY THE TOWN PLANNING SCHEME.
3) TO SUGGEST THE MEANS FOR DEVELOPING PUBLIC OPINION
AND APPRECIATION ON FAVOR OF THE TOWN PLANNING
SCHEME.

25. BY,
DIGVIJAY SOLANKI – 130210106055
KARTIK HINGOL – 130210106030
NITIN CHAREL – 130210106011
YASH SHAH – 130210106052
AKSHIT VALA – 130210106060
THANK YOU