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SENSAKO RUST EVALUATION STRATEGY
- 1. SENSAKO RUST EVALUATION STRATEGY Francois Koekemoer South Africa
- 2. National breeding programs • Sensako (private company ± 75% market share) • Pannar (private company ±7% market share) • Small Grain Institute – ARC-SGI (para-statal company ± 18% market share)
- 3. National pre-breeding programs • Free State University • Stellenbosch University • CenGen • ARC-SGI
- 4. National monitoring program • ARC-SGI
- 5. Wheat Produc-on Areas - Irrigation areas - Dryland Winter wheat - Dryland Spring Wheat
- 7. TTKSF
- 10. PDRS CCPS MCDS
- 15. New wheat rust races in SA since 2000 2000: P. graminis f.sp. tritici TTKSF (2SA88) Ug99 race group 2005: P. graminis f.sp. tritici BPGSC (2SA105) Virulence for SrSatu in triticale P. triticina (3SA144) Virulence for Lr32 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici 6E22A+ Virulence for YrA 2007: P. graminis f.sp. tritici TTKSP (2SA106) Ug99 race group, virulence for Sr24 2009: P. graminis f.sp. tritici PTKST (2SA107) Ug99 race group, virulence for Sr24+Sr31 P. triticina CCPS (3SA145) Virulence for Lr12+13+37 2010: P. graminis f.sp. tritici TTKSF+ Ug99 race group, virulence for SrWeb P. triticina MCDS (3SA146) Virulence for Lr12+13+37 P. triticina FBPT (3SA147) Virulence for Lr12+13+37
- 16. Pre-breeding University of Stellenbosch • MS-MARS • Since 1998 • Specific genes via MAS • APR • Distribute rust resistance material – Nurseries (8 editions since 2006) – Lines together with molecular info – Expanded to include replicated plots and 3m rows – Supply data regarding CIMMYT nurseries
- 17. Introduction of new sources • BC component • Introduction of new sources of resistance – T. dicoccoides: Lr53/Yr35 (6B) – T. kotschyi: Lr54/Yr37 (2D) – T. sharonense: Lr56/Yr38 (6A) – T. peregrinum (UUSS): Lr59 – T. neglecta: Lr62/Yr42 (6A) • Facilitated via MAS (and seedling tests)
- 18. Distribu1on of resistant material 0 5 10 15 20 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 Gene combina-ons – 2012 Nursery
- 19. Evaluation and selection strategy • Obtain sources for resistance • CIMMYT, Europe, Australia, Argentina, pre-breeding programmes • Crosses in greenhouse • Normally one backcross (BC1) • Double haploids on F1 seeds
- 20. Evaluation and selection strategy • Evaluate advance breeding lines and new DH lines under field inoculated conditions and conduct selections in early generation nurseries – Stem and leaf rust • Makhathini (artificially inoculated pathotypes) and Napier (natural occurring pathotypes) – Stripe rust • Napier (artificially inoculated pathotypes)
- 21. Bethlehem Johannesburg Makathini Napier
- 22. Breeding strategy • Stem rust - Sr2 as pivot gene combined with other genes • Leaf Rust – Lr34 as pivot gene combined with other genes • Stripe rust – Yr18 as pivot gene combines with other genes
- 23. Stem rust progress suscep1ble Sr2 intermediate Sr2 + ? genes Sr2 + ? genes
- 24. Successes and set backs Cultivar Stem Rust Leaf Rust Stripe Rust SST 88 S S MR SST 015 S MS R SST 027 MS MS R SST 047 R R R SST 056 MS MR MR SST 087 S R R SST 096 MR MR MR SST 017 MR MR R SST 0127 MR MR R SST 0137 MR MR MR
- 25. Tools to expedite breeding – Double haploids – Shuttle breeding – Marker assisted selection (cost?)
- 26. Interaction and stewardship – Southern African Breeders Association (SAPBA) – Winter Cereal Trust (WCT) – Rust Workshop – Try to avoid releasing single dominant genes – Increase frequency of various genes in wheat backgrounds
- 27. Acknowledgements – BGRI – Prof Zakkie Pretorius – Dr Tarekegne Tarefe – Mr Willem Botes – Sensako team