1. CHAPTER 13
Korea, Vietnam, & Japan

2. VIETNAM
 Invaded and occupied by Han
 Fiercely resisted Tangs, but succumbed
 Rebelled sporadically
 Under Chinese control
 Absorbed Chinese culture and technology
 Adopted Chinese agricultural methods and irrigation
systems
 Studied Confucian texts
 Mimicked Chinese administration
 Traded with Chinese
 Resented Chinese dominance, when Tang fell, they
won their independence

3. CHINESE IMPACT ON VIETNAM
 Vietnamese model the Chinese administrative
system and bureaucracy
 Buddhism enters Vietnam (from both India and
China)

4. JAPAN
 Isolated
 Develop separate language from Chinese
 Shintoism – animistic religion, emphasizes
nature and spirits
 Interaction with China?
 Tang never conquer them, but trade exists and
Japanese emissaries visit China
 One of the Japanese clans actually models their court off of
the Tang’s
 Mid 8th century Confucianism and Buddhism are
established in Japan

5.  Early capitals at Nara and Kyoto
 Fujiwara family – controlled power and
protected the emperor
 Emperor belonged to a family who was believed
to have ruled Japan since the beginning of time
 Evenin turmoil, royal families/parties/factions are
thrown out, but the imperial house survived

6. HEIAN ERA
 794 – 1185
 Fujiwara family, power behind the throne at the
time
 Really liked Confucian learning and Chinese
classics, painting, poetry, interior decoration, etc
 The Tale of Genji – written by a
noblewoman!, Murasaki Shikibu
 Provides insight to the lives of the nobility
 Told by a lady-in-waiting
 Education of women wasn’t encouraged, but the
Fijuwara court prided itself on the sophistication of
this piece, especially as it was written by a womana

7. GOVERNMENT
 Fujiwara liked cultural pursuits
 Entrusted local gov’t issues and taxes to their
warriors
 Problem? Yes.
2 warrior families – Taira and Minamoto struggle
 Minamoto emerges 1185
 Leader of Minamoto clan appoints a clan leader,
the shogun
 Shogun – military governor who rules in place of
the emperor (near Tokyo, emperor still in Kyoto)
 Minamoto dominate for the next 400 yrs

8. JAPANESE FEUDALISM
 Bakufu (“tent”) – military gov’t, established by
the Minamoto, lasts til 16th cent.
 Feudal system develops
 Regional lords wield power and authority,
compete against each other for power
 Samurai – professional warriors
 Bushido – “the way of the warrior” (code of
conduct)

9. JAPANESE VERSUS EUROPEAN
FEUDALISM
 Western Europe has more written contracts,
everything was negotiated, benefits outlined,
loyalties, etc
 Japanese rely on group and individual loyalties,
agreed on by honor
 Samurai granted land from the lords, but didn’t
own it
 Knights receive land, and could even become
lords later in life
 In Japanese culture, the social division remains clear

10. KOREA
 Early civilization 2333 BCE
 Han had a colony in Korea
108 BCE – 313 CE
 Three Kingdom Period
 Koguryo 37 BCE
 Paekche 18 BCE
 Silla 57 BCE
 Unified Silla Dynasty 668 - 935
 Koryo Dynasty 918-1392
 Chosun (Yi) Dynasty 1392-1910

11.  Buddhism enters Korea around 372 CE
 Confucian school is founded in Koguryo
 7th century, Tang armies conquer much of the peninsula
(Silla preserve their capital)
 Compromise: Chinese forces withdraw from Korea if the
Silla king recognizes the Tang emperor as his overlord
(become a tributary state)
 Kingdom of Silla unifies by 668 CE (with Chinese help) by
overcoming the Paekche, then the Koguryo

12.  Regularly deliver gifts
to Chinese emperors
 Still have a great deal
of independence
 Opens the door for
Korean merchants to
trade in China
 Silk Road runs all the
way to Kyongju, the
Silla capital

13. THE SILLA KINGDOM
 Celadon
 Korean woodblocks
 Tripitaka Koreana
 1087
 1232
 1398 - Haeinsa
 Chikchi – 13th c.
moveable type

16. SILK ROAD INTERACTION
 Cultural diffusion
 All the way to Korea giveaways
 Cultural diffusion  Lapis lazuli
evidence?  Glass
 btw… last stop  Tin
Kyongju

22. THE CHOSON KINGDOM
 1392-1912
 Yi Clan of Chonju
 “Land of Morning
Calm”
 King Sejong (1418-
1450)
 Creates hangul for the
common man
 Encourages scientific
research