1. REPORTED SPEECH
Statements
The verb shifts back into the past
Sheila: I am having a party on Saturday
Pres. cont
Reported: She said she was having a party
Past cont.
BACKSHIFT OF TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE  PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS  PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT  PAST PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE  PAST PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS  PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT  PAST PERFECT
FUTURE SIMPLE  CONDITIONAL SIMPLE
(...)

2. REPORTED SPEECH
Statements
MODAL VERBS
CAN  COULD
SHALL  SHOULD
SHOULD  SHOULD
MUST  HAD TO
MAY MIGHT
MIGHT  MIGHT
WILL  WOULD
REPORTING VERBS
SAY: She said she was going
TELL: She told me she was going
IND.

3. REPORTED SPEECH
Questions
1) Yes / No Questions
There are some steps which are the same as in statements (changing of the person, backshift of
tenses, changing of expressions of time).
In Reported speech the question becomes a statement.
Word order is: subject – verb - complements
Did he travel there?
She asked IF he had travelled there
2) Wh- / How Questions
When are you leaving?
She asked when she was leaving
Where can we go?
She asked where they could go
REPORTING VERBS
Ask: He asked me where I live
He asked how much it was

4. REPORTED SPEECH
Orders
1) Affirmative commands
tell + to + infinitive.
Father: "Do your homework.“
Father told me to do my homework.
2) Negative commands
tell + NOT + to + infinitive.
Teacher. "Don't talk to your neighbour.“
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.
REPORTING VERBS
Ask: He asked me to stop talking
Tell: He told me not to go there

5. REPORTED SPEECH
Here-and-now words
This (evening)  that (evening)
These  those
Here  there
Now  then
Today  That day
Tonight that night
Yesterday the day before / the day before
Last night  the night before
Last weekend  the weekend before / the previous weekend
2 days ago  2 days before
Tomorrow  the next/following day
next (week)  the following (week)

6. REPORTED SPEECH
Here-and-now words
This (evening)  that (evening)
These  those
Here  there
Now  then
Today  That day
Tonight that night
Yesterday the day before / the day before
Last night  the night before
Last weekend  the weekend before / the previous weekend
2 days ago  2 days before
Tomorrow  the next/following day
next (week)  the following (week)