Marine electric vehicles market is gaining more interest as it is more profitable and often more open to innovation. However, until now, there has been no report assessing this substantial market sector. No longer. In 2011, IDTechEx has just completed a report "Marine Electric Vehicles 2011-2021". It is the world's first comprehensive report on marine electric vehicles with latest ten year forecasts and important new projects such as submarines that will fly.

1. Marine Electric Vehicles 2011-2021
Published: April 2011
No. of Pages: 181
Price: 3995$
Those making electric vehicles or their components seek to expand their business. To do
this, they need to look beyond the oversupplied on-road sector. Marine electric vehicles
market is gaining more interest as it is more profitable and often more open to innovation.
However, until now, there has been no report assessing this substantial market sector. No
longer. In 2011, IDTechEx has just completed a report "Marine Electric Vehicles 2011-
2021". It is the world's first comprehensive report on marine electric vehicles with latest ten
year forecasts and important new projects such as submarines that will fly.
Large military business will be overtaken
The rapidly growing $2.3 billion market for marine electric vehicles is unusually varied. It
includes on-water and underwater electric vehicles for inland waterways and the sea.
Military electric craft dominate in market value today, despite the fact that IDTechEx
excludes electrically propelled ordnance, such as torpedoes, and tethered vehicles from this
report. Civil marine electric vehicles will constitute the largest marine electric vehicle market
by value.
Often the first to innovate
Certain marine electric craft are ahead of land and air electric vehicles in variously using
lithium-ion traction batteries with greatest energy storage, the latest CIGS flexible solar
cells (predecessor of multilayer smart skin explained in the text) and in being deployed for
years at a time without human intervention. For example, only boats carry up to 150 people
on solar power alone. Only seagoing "glider" Autonomous Underwater Vehicles AUVs are
deployed for years without human intervention, coming to the surface when necessary to
harvest electric power from both waves and sun.
Benchmarking
On the other hand, the report shows where designers of electric marine craft can learn from
non-marine vehicles that are ahead in certain other respects. Examples include use of third
generation battery technologies in electric aircraft and gas turbine range extenders in
leading buses and supercars. Then there is the harvesting of the heat of the conventional
engine in a hybrid car to produce electricity - expected soon. There needs to be much more

2. benchmarking of best practice between electric vehicle sectors and the IDTechEx reports on
electric vehicles by type - of which the marine report is the latest - assist in this process.
Super yachts, marine robots and volume products
This report covers hybrid and pure electric marine vehicles: it encompasses the extreme
variety from a $50 pure electric sea scooter for a scooba diver to many $25 million hybrid
super yachts and pure electric $5 million AUVs, tourist submarines etc., some with fuel cells.
IDTechEx shows how the most popular seagoing enclosed leisure yachts are going hybrid
this year for competitive advantage. By contrast, IDTechEx observes that it is new laws
from Taiwan to Europe that are making electric boats the norm on inland waterways, even
for water skiing. Learn how electric robot surface craft gather oil slicks while new electric
tugboats outperform traditional ones and have new laws to encourage their adoption.
Technology choices, trends and future breakthroughs are fully analysed.
Easy to read summaries
The information is distilled into 19 easy to read tables and 109 figures in this new 181 page
report. For example, one table gives 82 manufacturers of marine electric vehicles by
country and type of craft and many component suppliers are surveyed. Non military marine
forecasting categories are scuba sea scooters, leisure and tourist surface boats, AUVs,
personal and tourist submarines, work boats. Military marine EVs are forecasted separately.
Market data for these marine electric vehicles are compared with data for all electric
vehicles to put the results in context.
Table Of Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. The whole picture
1.1.1. Global marine EV forecasts 2011-2021
1.1.2. Marine EVs compared to all EVs
1.2. Forecast rationale
1.3. Benefits of marine electric vehicles
1.3.1. Price sensitivity
1.3.2. Favoured Marine EV Technologies
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definitions and scope of this report
2.2. The EV value chain

3. 2.3. Benefits of marine electric vehicles
2.4. Pure electric marine vehicles
2.5. Hybrid marine vehicles
2.6. Born electric
2.7. New structural advances and smart skin
'3. SURFACE CRAFT
3.1. Commonality with land EVs
3.1.1. Grants for land and water
3.1.2. Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine
3.1.3. Pollution laws back electric boats - India, Europe, Taiwan, USA
3.2. Examples of electric surface craft
3.2.1. Tiny Ruban Bleu boats for hire France
3.2.2. Leisure Life small inland launch USA
3.2.3. Andaman and Electric Boats Thailand
3.2.4. Tamarack Lake foldable inland boat USA
3.2.5. Duffy inland electric deck boats, USA
3.2.6. Boesch Boats for water skiing Switzerland
3.2.7. Epic Wakeboats hybrid sport boat USA
3.2.8. Erun GmbH inland sport boats Switzerland
3.2.9. Boote Marian luxury inland boats Austria
3.2.10. Kitegen seagoing kite boats Italy and Sauter UK
3.2.11. Larger solar lake boats Switzerland
3.2.12. SCOD / Atlantic Motors high performance cabin cruiser USA
3.2.13. MW Line solar seagoing boat Switzerland

4. 3.2.14. Unmanned boat gathering oil USA
3.2.15. Seagoing yachts France
3.2.16. Tag plug in hybrid large sail boat South Africa, New Zealand
3.2.17. Türanor PlanetSolar solar catamaran Germany
3.2.18. Energy harvesting superyacht UK
3.2.19. Hybrid tugboats Canada, USA
3.2.20. Tugboats hybrid and pure electric Canada
3.2.21. Tugboats UK
4. MANNED UNDERWATER ELECTRIC VEHICLES
4.1. Sea scooters for scuba divers, Italy, China
4.2. Leisure and tourist submarines
4.2.1. Kittredge UK
4.2.2. Odyssea USA
4.2.3. International Venture Craft USA
4.2.4. Hawkes Ocean Technologies USA
4.2.5. Silvercrest/UVI Canada, UK
4.2.6. Submarines that are efficient surface boats
4.2.7. US Submarines Inc USA
4.2.8. Will submarines fly?
5. AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUVS)
5.1. Swimmers vs gliders
5.2. Wave and sun powered sea gliders
5.2.1. Virginia Institute of Marine Science USA
5.2.2. Falmouth Scientific Inc USA

5. 5.2.3. Liquid Robotics USA
5.3. AUV swimmers North America
5.3.2. Hydroid USA
5.4. AUV swimmers Europe
5.4.1. Kongsberg
5.4.2. Teledyne USA, Iceland
5.4.3. Mine Destruction AUV UK
5.4.4. Autosub6000 UK
5.4.5. a.r.s Technologies GmbH Germany
5.5. AUV swimmers East Asia
5.5.1. DRDO India
5.5.2. JAMSTEC Japan
6. BIOMIMETIC UNMANNED UNDERWATER CRAFT
6.1. Robot jellyfish USA and Germany
7. DRIVE TRAINS, COMPONENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
7.1. Drive trains
7.2. Traction batteries
7.2.1. The lure of lithium-ion
7.2.2. Cells - modules - battery packs
7.2.3. NiMH vs lithium
7.2.4. The ideal traction battery pack
7.2.5. Recent improvements
7.2.6. Traction batteries today
7.2.7. Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage

6. 7.2.8. Move to high voltage
7.2.9. Many suppliers
7.2.10. Pouch problems?
7.2.11. The lure of lithium polymer versions of lithium-ion
7.2.12. Genuinely solid state traction batteries
7.2.13. New chemistries for lithium-ion batteries
7.2.14. Impediments
7.2.15. ABSL
7.2.16. SAFT
7.3. Range extenders
7.4. Fuel cells
7.5. Electric motors
7.6. Motor position
7.7. Charging infrastructure for marine EVs
7.7.1. General needs and solutions
7.8. Case study: Arctic under ice survey
7.9. MBARI research AUV deployment
8. MARKET FORECASTS 2011 2021 AND ROADMAP
8.1.1. Market drivers
8.1.2. Global forecasts 2011-2021
8.1.3. Marine EVs compared to all EVs
8.1.4. Penetration of total marine market
8.2. Marine market segments
8.3. Market forecasts 2011-2021

7. 8.3.1. Total market
8.3.2. AUV market
8.3.3. Market leaders
APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
LIST OF TABLES
1.1. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in
thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded
1.2. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure
electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021
1.3. Forecasts by year of ex factory market value of electric marine craft by six marine
sectors 2011-2021
1.4. 85 examples of manufacturers of electric water craft, country and type
1.5. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total
market value in 2011
1.6. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total
market value in 2021 rounded
3.1. Ocean Empire LSV Specifications:
7.1. How to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium car traction batteries
7.2. Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction
battery packs 2009-2020
7.3. A comparison of potential electric traction motor technologies
7.4. Comparison of ac and dc electric motors for traction
8.1. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in
thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded
8.2. Estimate of number of manufacturers of electric marine craft by category, % pure
electric, number made, unit price ex factory and market value in 2011 and 2021

8. 8.3. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021,
by applicational sector, rounded
8.4. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by
applicational sector, rounded
8.5. Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in
thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2010 to 2020, rounded
8.6. Military electric vehicle sales by region 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in percentage units
8.7. Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2010
8.8. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in
thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2010 to 2020, rounded
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in
thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded
1.2. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2011
1.3. Market value of electric marine craft by sector (US$ billion) in 2021
1.4. Market value for electric marine craft 2011
1.5. Market value for electric marine craft 2021
1.6. Number of companies making hybrid vs pure electric craft
1.7. Manufacturers of electric craft by country
1.8. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total
market value in 2011
1.9. Marine vs all EVs by number thousands, $ unit price ex factory and $ billion total
market value in 2021 rounded
1.10. Electric vehicle upfront cost vs their traction battery energy storage
1.11. Evolution of affordable, mainstream hybrid marine and other vehicles
2.1. EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years
2.2. Electric vehicle value chain

9. 2.3. The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles
3.1. Small electric boats for hire
3.2. Electric launch
3.3. Electric Boats Thailand advertisement
3.4. Left to right Mr Ray Hirani, Dr Peter Harrop, Montgomery Gisborne
3.5. Tamarack Loon
3.6. Electric deck boat by Leisure Life
3.7. Boesch Boats of Switzerland
3.8. Epic hybrid electric sports boat
3.9. Boote Marian Acapulco de Luxe electric boat
3.10. Kitegen kite providing supplementary power to a ship
3.11. Ocean Empire LSV concept with electricity from kites, waves and sun
3.12. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
3.13. MW Line solar seagoing boat
3.14. Zoom Solar powered unmanned boat gathering oil
3.15. Seagoing yacht with auxiliary engine
3.16. Rigged and ready, Tang is towed carefully to the launch site
3.17. Plug-in Tag 60 hybrid sailboat
3.18. Tag 60 at speed (CAD)
3.19. Main salon (CAD)
3.20. Tang's 18 kw motors
3.21. A lithium-ion battery module as used on Tang
3.22. EMM controls all electrical functions from touch screen consoles at each helm station
3.23. Türanor PlanetSolar solar catamaran

10. 3.24. Türanor PlanetSolar - the world's largest solar powered boat
3.25. Türanor PlanetSolar out of the water
3.26. Skippers Raphael Domjan of Switzerland and Gerard D'Aboville of France (left) stand
on the bridge of the solar boat
3.27. The rigid-wing superyacht concept called 'Soliloquy'
3.28. Head on view of the rigid-wing superyacht 'Soliloquy'
3.29. Hybrid tugboat
3.30. Engine room of the hybrid tugboat
3.31. Workmen weld on the bottom of a tug boat behind the Z-drive
3.32. Bratt electric tugboat
4.1. A low cost sea scooter
4.2. Sea scooter by Pro Audio Elite of Italy
4.3. Personal submarine
4.4. Wet submarine
4.5. Two-person SportSub submarine
4.6. Tracking the colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) is now possible?
4.7. Early Deepflight submarines
4.8. Two seat Super Falcon
4.9. Deepflight three person open submarine "Necker Nymph"
4.10. Other DeepflightTM craft enclose a driver and passenger
4.11. Deep Flight Aviator two-person leisure submarine
4.12. Hawkes Ocean Technologies craft for deepest ocean depth.
4.13. Seattle personal luxury submarine by US Submarines
4.14. Submarine Powerboat from Marion HSPD

11. 4.15. Triton personal submarine
4.16. US Submarine's main tourist submarine
4.17. Bionic Dolphin
4.18. Planned Lockheed Martin vehicle mimicking a gannet
5.1. Wave and sun power recharging a glider AUV before it resumes its mission
5.2. Wave and sun powered sea glider
5.3. Autonomous wave glider
5.4. New long-range undersea robot goes the distance
5.5. Thomas Hoover and Brett Hobson work on the long-range AUV
5.6. The long-range AUV being towed out of the Moss Landing Harbor for a test run
5.7. Brett Hobson watches Tethys floating at the sea surface in Monterey Bay
5.8. The Ocean Explorer AUV
5.9. Ocean Voyager II AUV
5.10. Hydroid Remus 6000 AUV
5.11. Kongsberg HUGIN swimmer AUV on Republic of Korea Navy ship
5.12. Kongsberg's Hugin 1000 portable AUV
5.13. Royal New Zealand Navy assist the search for a sunken ferry in 2009 using Kongsberg
AUVs
5.14. Gavia AUV schematic
5.15. A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water
5.16. Autosub6000
5.17. AUV from a.r.s Technologies
5.18. Indian AUV-150
5.19. URASHIMA

12. 5.20. URASHIMA mission profile
5.21. Specification for JAMSTEC long range AUV
6.1. AquaJelly
6.2. AirJelly
6.3. Japanese robot jellyfish
6.4. German robot jellyfish
7.1. Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of
hybrid and a pure electric technologies
7.2. Trend from conventional hybrid to range extended hybrid
7.3. Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs
7.4. Bluefin pressure compensated battery packs for AUVs
7.5. Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids
in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green
7.6. Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles
7.7. Modular Li-ion batteries for AUVs
7.8. Prototype gas turbine suitable as range extender
7.9. PEM fuel cell
7.10. Thruster for DeepFlight two person enclosed submarine
7.11. Several drive systems in a swimmer AUV
7.12. Ford Siemens EV motor for central operation
7.13. Hybrid vehicle electric motor
7.14. Underwater docking station
7.15. AUV under ice docking and in-water battery recharging provide the highest technical
risk
7.16. MBARI undersea deployment of AUV with underwater inductive charging

13. 7.17. AUV inductive charging under water in test tank
8.1. Market value of electric marine craft (US$ billion) in 2021
8.2. Ex factory unit price, in thousands of US dollars, of EVs sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021,
by applicational sector, rounded
8.3. Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold in East Asia, 2011 to 2021, by
applicational sector, rounded
8.4. Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in
thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded
8.5. Leading players today