Sahel SD3C-DubaiExpo-ENG-fev2022

1. Joint Sahel Programme
(SD3C)
in response to the challenges
of COVID-19, Conflicts and
Climate change

2. Editing and layout :
Nana Sylla, Knowledge Management Consultant - IFAD
Photos :
© IFAD - FAO - WFP
© 2022 Joint Sahel Programme
This document is extracted from the project design, available here :
https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/wca/sahel/sd3c

3. executive summary of
Joint Sahel Programme
in response to the challenges of COVID-19,
Conflicts and Climate change (SD3C)

4. 4
CONTEXT.
As an example of growing South-South cooperation, the G5 Sahel
Initiative is an expression of the political will of the union of member
states to meet the challenges to sustainable development in the Sahel.
These challenges expose a population of more than 90 million
inhabitants to food and nutrition insecurity, climate change in addition
to frequent conflicts and crises, which :
Ȗ weaken livelihoods of households, in particular of family farms
and rural low-income groups;
Ȗ threaten the sovereignty and stability of States;
Ȗ undermine social peace without which investments and wealth
creation processes are compromised.
In a Sahel context, where the effects of climate change are severe,
the advent of COVID-19 has slowed down food production systems
and their contribution to economic growth and the improvement of
living conditions.
The SD3C / G5 Sahel + Senegal programme, jointly led by the Rome
based Agencies of the United Nations (RBAs) (FAO - WFP - IFAD)
aims to contribute to the implementation of the G5 Sahel Strategy for
Development and Security (SDS) at the request of the Governments
of the six countries : Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal,
Chad.
executive summary.

5. The Programme is aligned to
the «Resilience and human
development» axis of the G5 Sahel
priority investment program (PIP)
and refers to the «Resilience» pillar
of the United Nations integrated
strategy for the Sahel (UNISS) and
to the IFAD Strategic Objectives 1
and 3, respectively on increasing
production and resilience in the G5
Sahel countries.
With its priority on resilience, the
programme will be an example
of South-South cooperation and
a development model adapted to
the challenging Sahel context. This
theory of change is based on the
agro-pastoral and fishery potential
of the region, the activity and the
dynamics of regional farmers’
organizations, the experience of
the RBAs in the Sahel, the favorable
regalian institutional environment,
etc.
The regional nature of the S3DC
program is justified by the common
and cross-border issues of these
six Sahelian countries largely faced
with insecurity, the negative impact
of climate changes and the recent
health crisis of COVID-19. Through a
dynamic of multilateral cooperation,
the program provides coordinated
and pragmatic technical, integrated
and policy-driven solutions that will
be implemented through
(i)the specific geographic targeting
focused on cross-border areas,
(ii) the cross-border dimension of
activities and farmers/pastoralists
conflicts solving
(iii) the strong strategic partnership
with key regional institutions – G5
Sahel Secretariat and Regional
producers’ organisations - that
have representative members or
committees at national levels.
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6. Objective and expected impacts.
The SD3C G5 Sahel+1
programme aims
to consolidate the
livelihoods of small
producers, in particular
women and youth living
in cross-border areas of
the six targeted countries.
With an expected
contribution to poverty
reduction of around 10
percent in its intervention
area, the programme will
revitalize socio-economic
and commercial spaces
plagued by insecurity
and climate variability
and impacts that weaken
the resilience of small
producers.
It will contribute to
remove the constraints
that exacerbate
conflicts linked to the
anthropogenic effect on
natural resources and
the difficulties to access
productive resources
exacerbated by the
COVID-19 crisis.
Ultimately, the program
is expected to enable :
☑ 75% of beneficiaries would declare an improvement in their livelihoods;
☑ 80% would adopt ecologically sustainable and climate-resilient
practices and technologies,
☑ An increase by around 10% of the national and regional trade.
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7. ₁ « One Health » is an approach to designing and implementing programmes, policies, legislation and research
in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to achieve better public health outcomes. The
areas of work in which a One Health approach is particularly relevant include food safety, the control of
zoonoses (diseases that can spread between animals and humans, such as flu, rabies and Rift Valley Fever),
and combatting antibiotic resistance (when bacteria change after being exposed to antibiotics and become
more difficult to treat).
The programme will also impact the institutional capacities of the G5 Sahel in
terms of inclusive political and social dialogue in favor of peace and security
with the active involvement of farmers’ organizations in a leading role in the
following fields:
Finally, the implementation of the programme would
help develop and promote digital financial services
with the aim of securing border transactions.
7
Prevention and
management of
conflicts between
farmers and herders
in transhumance
corridors
Identification and
management of
cross-border economic
infrastructure
Implementation of
protectionist measures
aimed at promoting
the consumption of
local products
Promotion of good
practices/preventive
measures against
COVID-19 and
infections with a high
endemic propensity
according to One
Health principles1

8. Geographic targeting.
The choice of geographic area was reasoned on two scales; the first scale
concerns 4 geographic axes forming natural economic gateways for the
movement of people, goods, capital and services:
Ȗ The Chad-Niger axis near Lake Chad ensuring economic integration
with Niger thanks to an intensive mode of exploitation based on human
mobility, multi-activity and the integration of flood recession agriculture,
transhumant livestock farming
and fishing;
Ȗ The Burkina Faso - Mali
axis in Liptako-Gourma with
an economy dominated by
transhumant pastoralism,
poorly diversified with sedentary
agriculture, agro-pastoralism
and fishing;
Ȗ The Senegal-Mali axis
belonging to the Senegal River
Basin constituting an integration
route with trade flows and
characterized by the economic
mobility of users from the two
countries;
Ȗ The Mauritania East – Mali axis
characterized by cross-border
pastoralism, agro-pastoral
production and high human and
animal mobility.
A total of 21 administrative regions
will be targeted.
The second scale targets areas of
concentration within cross-border
areas. The interventions will affect a limited number of concentration areas,
most of which will be municipalities. The definition of these anchor areas
will be refined at the programme start. The programme intends to scale up
localized proven practices and technologies across the regions with similar
ecosystems, challenges and opportunities.
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9. 9
Mauritania
Chad
Mali
Senegal
Burkina Faso Niger

10. Target group.
For its first phase the Programme targets 73,000 households comprising
500,700 individuals of which 250,350 women and 200,280 youth.
It includes:
1. Family farms, small producers and pastoralists with low incomes,
vulnerable and exposed to the risks of decapitalization and crises
(climate, economic, health and conflict);
2. Organizations of farmers, agro-pastoralists, transhumant
pastoralists² and pastoralists, as well as their regional networks;
3. Socio-professional groups that are often marginalized, in particular
women, young people but also people with disabilities3
2 All activities will be carried out in accordance to the minimum standards for sustainable pastoral development.
Emphasis will be put on engaging with pastoralist organisations and preventing and addressing resource-
based conflict between farmers and pastoralists (see Social Management Plan), and selecting value chains
that are of interest to them.
3 Questions around disability will be in the baseline study (as done in Liberia) to get a better understanding of
disability in the programme areas and then sharpen the targeting strategy accordingly once the information
is available. This means that the approach to disability may be slightly different from country to country, which
will also make an interesting case to compare and evaluate approaches. Specific targets will then be set for
supporting them directly and raise awareness about their needs aimed at overcoming stigma.
10
427,375
women
341,900
young people
123,000 rural households
854,750 people
50% 40%

11. 11
Components.
The programme will implement three complementary components, namely:
1. Increase in productivity
and production.
Improved agro-forestry and
pastoral production and
productivity through climate
resilientagriculturalpractices
and technologies while
managing sustainably water
and land resources. This
outcome will be measured
by a change of about 30%
of the index of productive
assets in the production
systems supported by
the programme, and
the adoption, by 80% of
beneficiaries, of technologies
and practices that are
ecologically sustainable
and resilient to climate
change. Activities will firstly
improve productive capital
and resilience, and secondly
develop capacity and
peacebuilding.
This component will be complemented by the Green Climate Fund (GCF)
regional program (71,3 M USD) which main objectives is Increased resilience
and enhanced livelihood, food security of small holders and rural communities
through integrated climate risk management of natural resources (water,
forest soil, ecosystems). Through the GCF Program, countries will be able
to uscale their climate informations systems to inform decision making into
agriculture, adopt the most appropriate adaptation and mitigation options
and support the risk transfer mechanism with the development of the
agricultural insurance.

12. 2. Economic integration.
National and regional economic
integration is facilitated. At the
end of the programme, trade
at national and regional levels
will increase by 10% thanks
to interventions designed to
strengthen cross-border markets,
and secure border transactions.
Investments will focus on
infrastructure, local management
platforms, community spaces
for social mediation and conflict
management, producers’ access
to markets, and promotion of the
use of digital financial services.
3. Political dialogue, coordination
and management.
It will serve as major institutional
support for the implementation of
the programme following its regional
approach. It will be integrated in the
G5 Sahel coordination mechanism,
which operational leadership will
be strengthened in support of the
six participating countries in the
implementation of the region’s
strategic guidelines to consolidate the
basesfordevelopmentandsustainable
peace in cross- border areas. In line
with the regional-national rational, it
will also strengthen the institutional
legitimacy of the executive body of
the G5 Sahel in the coordination of
projects, knowledge management and
the scaling up of solutions adapted
to problems of food insecurity, to the
effects of climate change and various
crises and conflicts.
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13. Costs AND financing.
The total costs of the programme, over a period of 6 years and including
provisions for physical and price contingencies, and the GCF parallel financing,
amount to 180.4 million USD.
13
Ȗ Lead Agency
G5 Sahel + 1 (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal)
Ȗ Implementors
Governments, IFAD, FAO, WFP, local and international NGOs
Ȗ Funder
Governments, IFAD, GCF and Resource mobilization
Ȗ Development partners
ECOWAS, other UN Agencies specialized in working with fragile states
PHASE 2
PHASE 1
UNISS

14. The breakdown of project costs by country is as follows:
The regional grant for the G5 Sahel Executive Secretariat is USD 2.0 million.
IFAD’s commitment through country allocations and a regional grant
amounts to USD 91.5 million (USD 43.4 million on IFAD 11 and USD 48.1 million
on IFAD 12), corresponding to 50.7% of total project cost.
The remaining financing gap amounts to USD 17.5 million, or 9.7 percent of the
total cost. The GCF parallel financing represents USD 71.4 million, amounting
39.6% of the total cost.
In its initial phase, the execution of the project at the regional level is based
on two sources of financing:
1. The regional grant for policy dialogue, coordination and monitoring &
evaluation activities (USD 2 million);
2. A retrocession of funds by the countries on the donation portion of
their allocations to contribute to the realization of regional activities in
components 1 and 2.
These activities are essential for the regional dynamics of the project. The
envelope of on-lent funds dedicated to regional activities in the components
amounts to USD 4.1 million and represents 13% of the total country allocations.
Burkina Faso
USD 23.8 million
Mali
USD 44.1 million
Mauritania
USD 23.7 million
Niger
USD 31.9 million
Senegal
USD 27.9 million
Chad
USD 25.0 million
Total cost for phase 1 is
estimated at USD 55.7 million
(financed by the IFAD 11 and IFAD
12 allocations and including a
financing gap of USD 1.5 million
Total cost for phase 2 is
estimated at USD 53.3 million
financed by the IFAD 12
allocation and including a
financing gap of USD 16.0 million
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15. Partnership.
UNISS
• Integrated Sahel strategy
• Resilience pillar
FAO
• Scale up
• Technical assistance for
sustainable practices
JOINT ACTION
BETTER AND
FASTER RESULTS
15
IFAD
• Host projects
• Investments to support
farmers to market-based
farming
• Adaptation to Climate
Change
WFP
• Emergency assistance
• Path to Resilience & Food
security
G5 Sahel
• Programme coordination
• Policy dialogue & social
• Inclusion & Advocacy
RPO (APESS, RBM,
ROPPA)
• Boosting the
participation of national
platforms
Government - NGOs
• Project implementation
• Co-financing
UNISS

16. Economic benefits.
For the first phase of the programme, the internal economic rate of return
(IRRT) of the programme stands at 11.4% and the net present value (NPV),
at the opportunity cost of capital of 6% and over 10 years, amounts to 9.7
million USD.
Exit strategy and sustainability.
The anchoring of the programme
in existing institutions and its
scaling-up approach building on
good practices guarantee rapid
appropriation of its achievements:
☑ Optimization of intervention
approaches in cross-border
areas, development of practical
guides on integrated solutions
and adaptation to climate
change, etc. will be disseminated
to target groups for rapid
appropriation;
☑ Support for women and
young people in economic and
entrepreneurial matters will be
implemented through regional
producers’ organizations (RPOs)
in the form of support for their
strategies dedicated to women
and young people;
☑ Strengthening the political
dialogue will mobilize the various
instruments that the G5 Sahel has
developed for this purpose.
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17. RISKS.
The intervention area exposes the programme to the risk of insecurity
given the recurrence of armed attacks in particular in cross-border areas as
well as political instability with the recent coup in Mali.
The experiences acquired by the three agencies in similar contexts will
help to mitigate this risk, while respecting the security guidelines of the
United Nations and the G5 Sahel. The establishment of the insecurity alert
system with which local partners will be associated (NGOs and local entities
affiliated with RPOs) will help to anticipate events that threaten the lives of
target groups and, if necessary, take preventive measures.
On a fiduciary level, the risk of the programme is considered high before the
mitigation measures are put in place and substantial afterwards. A series of
mitigation measures have been considered against the main risks identified
due to the regional nature of the project, the possibility of phasing likely to
extend the duration of the programme, delegated project management, etc.
Environmentally and socially, the programme falls into category B while
its climate risk is considered high. Additional Climate investment are being
mobilized through the GCF to adress environmental, climate and social risks .
Implementation arrangements.
At the regional level, a Steering Committee chaired by the Executive Secretary
of the G5 Sahel will be established, as well as a regional unit to ensure
coordination, financial management and monitoring-evaluation functions.
At country level, institutional steering will be shared with the IFAD reference
projects, nominated to ensure thecoordination and management of the G5
Sahel + 1 programme. The composition of the existing Steering Committees
at country level will be enlarged by decree if necessary and the coordination
and management units of the referent projects will be reinforced in personnel,
equipment and various logistics.
In the field, apart from the joint FAO-IFAD-WFP action, the programme will
mobilize several categories of actors: regional farmers’ organizations
(APESS, RBM, ROPPA), non-governmental organizations, technical entities
of the concerned sector ministries, local authorities, mobile telephone
operators, actors and strategic institutions and projects, such as CILSS,
PRAPS, Alliance Sahel, etc. for the purpose of complementarity.
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18. Planning, monitoring andevaluation,
learning and knowledge management.
The monitoring and evaluation system will be developed according to a
results-based management scheme. It will measure implementation progress
and indicators in accordance with the Operational Results Measurement
System (ORMS) developed by IFAD. The monitoring and evaluation system
at regional level will be strengthened through the PRIME initiative.
Capitalization, knowledge management and communication will be guided by
a management plan, which will be developed at the start of the programme.
Innovation and scaling up.
In the participating countries, the programme will scale up known good
practices in the area of resilience, adaptation to climate change, building
mainly on the experiences developed by FAO, IFAD and WFP, with their
local partners. In addition, the GCF Programme will support countries on
integrated climate risk management and introduction of agricultural
insurance to transfer the risks to markets. At the regional level, the
programme will broaden the field of knowledge management, capitalization
and the development of methodological tools in IFAD’s portfolios. The
operation will innovate in particular in terms of cross- border economic
integration focused on promoting business opportunities in the corridors but
also on dialogue with the ECOWAS authorities involving agro-pastoralists..
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20. Joint Sahel Programme (SD3C)
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