The document discusses hematology analyzers, which are automated machines that can count and identify blood cells quickly and accurately. It describes the working principles of hematology analyzers such as flow cytometry, fluorescent dyes, electrical impedance, optical scatter, and radiofrequency. The document also outlines the types of results provided, types of analyzers, their uses, advantages like speed and accuracy, and disadvantages like high costs.

1. Hematology auto analyzer
Fathima Hameed

2. outlines
 Introduction
 Working principle
 Result
 Types
 Uses
 Advantages
 Disadvantages

3. What is hematology?
• Hematology (hema- is from the Greek word for 'blood').
• It is the study of blood in regards to a person's health or disease.
• It includes blood, blood-forming organs, and the proteins involved
in bleeding and clotting.

4. What is hematological test?
• Hematological tests can
evaluate numerous
conditions involving blood
and its components.
• They can also be used to
diagnose inflammation,
anemia, infection,
hemophilia, blood-clotting
disorders, leukemia, and
response to chemotherapy,
among many other things.

5. Hematology analyzer
 Fully automatic double chamber
 3-part differential cell counting
 20-parameters + 3 color histogram
 Manual & auto calibration
 throughput: 60 samples/ hour
 Sample volume: 9 μl
 Storage output 1000 test results
with histogram
 Inbuilt thermal printer
 Fully touch screen operation
 Cyanide free eco friendly reagents

6. Hematology analyzer
• Hematology analyzers are used to count and identify blood cells at high
speed and accuracy.
• These are computerized, highly specialized and automated machines.
• Features vary from one hematology analyzer to another, such as closed
vial testing and open sampling testing.
• Other features to consider in a hematology analyzer are;
 sample size required
 type and quantity of testing modes
 speed in which the results are available
 automatic flagging of results that are out of normal range
 the capacity of test results it can store.

7. Hematology analyzer

9. Working principles
• Flow cytometry
• Fluorescent dyes
• Electrical impedance
• Optical scatter
• radiofrequency

10. 1.Flow cytometry
• Flow cytometry is based on
ejecting cells from a nozzle
at high speed in a fluid.
• each cells passes through
several laser beams so that
different optical properties
can be measured.

11. 2. Fluorescent dyes
• Biochemical / antigenic
properties are usually classified
using fluorescent dyes.
• Labeling with fluorescent dye.
• A laser excites these
fluorescent molecules.
• They emit light at various
wavelengths.
• Amount of fluorescence can
give an indication as to what
percentage of variuos cell types
are present in the sample.

12. 3. Electrical impedance
• A stream of cells in
suspension passes through a
small aperture across which
an electrical current is
applied.
• Each cell that passes alter the
electrical impedance and can
thus be counted and sized.
• Particles such as blood cells
are “non-conductive” but
are suspended in an
electrically conductive
diluent.

13. Cntu…..,
• As a dilute suspension of a cell is drawn through the aperture, the
passage of each individual cell momentarily increases the
impedance(resistance) of the electrical path between two electrodes
that are located on a each side of the aperture.
• It determined the information's about;
 A blood cells size
 surface charge
 concentration of the cells
 shape of the cells

14. 4. Optical scatter
• It means that as a single cell passes across a laser light beam into 3
stages;
 Diffraction- bending around corners
 refraction- bending due to change in speed
 Reflection- light rays turned back by obstruction.
• Light scatter correlates to cell volumes/sizes
• Side angle light scatter correlates to cell granules/nucleus.
• It provide the informations about;
 Cell structure
 Shape
 reflectivity

15. Cntu….,

16. 5.Radiofrequency
• Conductivity(RF)- proportional to cell interior density (granules
and nucleus).

17. Results
• They provide the results are known
as completed blood
counts(CBC’s).
• Complete -Complete blood with
differentiation of cells known as
CBC’s with diff.
• CBC’s contains red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets and their
various parameters.
• It can help to serve as a screening
test for many disorders and as a
prognostic or follow up tool.
• Some cell counters can process
120-150 samples per hour.

18. Types of hematology analyzer
Semi automated
hematology analyzer
Fully automated
hematology analyzer

19. Types of hematology analyzer
Semi- automated analyzer
• Measures only few
parameters
• It requires diluted blood
samples
Fully automated analyzer
• Measures multiple parameters
• It requires anticoagulant blood
samples

20. Uses
 RBC distribution width
 Mean corpuscular volume
 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
 WBC differential count in percentage and absolute value
 Platelet distribution width
 Platelet mean volume
 Large platelet cell ratio
 Platelet criteria

21. Advantages of Hematology
Analyzer
• Speed with efficient handling of a large number of samples.
• Accuracy and precision in quantitative blood tests.
• Ability to perform multiple tests on a single platform.
• Significant reduction of labor requirements.
• Invaluable for accurate determination of red cell indices.

22. Disadvantages of Hematology
Analyzer
• Flags: Flagging of a laboratory test result demands labour-intensive
manual examination of a blood smear.
• Comments on red cell morphology cannot be generated. Abnormal
red cell shapes (such as fragmented cells) cannot be recognized.
• Erroneously increased or decreased results due to interfering
factors.
• Expensive with high running costs.

23. References
 https://www.bioscience.com.pk/topics/hematology/item/810&811-
principles-of-working-of-automated-hematology-analyzer
 https://slideshare.net/mobile/nayabarshad/hematology-analysor-and-
its-working
 https://m.alibaba.com/product/50029367449/hematology-analyzer-
CARECELL-html
 https://www.resaerchgate.net/figure/overview-of-the-flow-
cytometry-sheath-fluid-focuses-the-cell-suspension-causing-cells-
fig3-32549134
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/hematology-analyzer