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Chinese And Korean Art After 1279 Emily Andrew Sam
1. Andrew Maude Emily Nadelmann Samantha D’Onofrio Chinese and Korean Art After 1279
2. Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368) Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) Modern Period (1911- Present) Periods of Control- China
3. Mongols established northern capital in Beijing Combined the tensions of Yuan rule, separation of Chinese political and cultural centers created a new situation dynamic in the arts Literati (cultural elite) painting came to be grouped with calligraphy and poetry as a trio of accomplishments Yuan Dynasty ( 1279-1368)
4. The literati elevated the status of painting so they were totally separate from and superior to traditional painting The Yuan dynasty continued the imperial role of patron of the arts commissioning building and murals, gardens, paintings, and decorative arts Scholars now tended to turn inward to search for solution of their own to try to express themselves in personal and symbolic terms The Literati
5. ZhaoMengfu (1254-1322) Most famous piece- Autumn Colors on the Qiao and Hua Mountains Piece depicts the mountains of Shandong province 1296, handscroll, ink and color on paper. 11 ¼ x 36 inches Not painted in the modern naturalistic period of his time, but the archaic period of the Tand dynasty (618-907)
6. Common techniques were unassuming brushworks, and subtle colors used sparingly The landscape was created to covey personal meaning (drawing from one literati to another) the literati did not create works for public display but for each other
7. Favored small formats such as hand scrolls, hanging scrolls, and album leaves(book pages) Easily could be shown to friends at small gatherings Pieces usually entirely done in ink Calligraphy popularly used to describe meaning Mediums and Techniques
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9. Style has a sense of simplicity and purity Embodies the Literati style It is believed to reflect a painter s personality Zan’s style became associated with noble spirit, many other painters pay homage to it Ni Zan (1301-74)
10. Contrast between luxury of the court and austere ideals of the literati continued Founded by Tai Zu who came from the poor uneducated class Worked his way up to power through military Drove Mongols from Beijing and established himself as emperor – establishing the Ming Dynasty He grew to distrust intellectuals His rules was despotic and ruthless Court taste in the arts changed with rule Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
11. Hundreds of Birds Admiring Peacocks Large painting on silk by Yin Hong Late 15th-early 16th century, hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 7’10 ½ inches Painted during the late 15th and early 16th centuries Example of bird and flower genre Homage of birds to peacocks is symbolic to the homage of the court officials to the emperor Much of the piece reflects the ideals of the Song academy
18. Architecture and City Planning of the Ming Most famous remaining example of Chinese architecture is the Forbidden city, the imperial palace compound in Beijing City planning began in the 7th century in China Mongols made the basic plan- city laid out-traditional Chinese principles Walled city, with a rectangular grid, with evenly spaced streets, running east, west, north and south Northern end is where imperial complex is located Emperor’s role as the son of heaven- his duty to maintain the cosmic order from his throne in the middle of the world The Forbidden City’s balance and symmetry reflect ancient Chinese beliefs about the harmony of the universe
19. Beijing was laid in a similar format Many halls located inside The Forbidden City Courtyards included ponds, that connected to waterways, that with bridges Marble detailing throughout Emperor’s throne was located in the Hall of Supreme Harmony The characteristics of the literati influence on architecture was very similar to painting
21. Literati influence furniture as well 16th + 17th Centuries: Chinese furniture made for domestic use reached the height of its development Constructed without the use of glue or nails Pieces fit together based on principle of mortise-and-tenon joint, one piece fits snuggly into the cavity of another This style represented simplicity, clarity, symmetry, and balance all literati ideals Furniture
29. 1984, Ink and color on paper, 2’3 5/8 x 5’3.5 inches
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31. 1392- General Yi Seonggye overthrew the Goryeo dynasty and established the Joseon Dynasty Capital: originally Gaeseong, but moved to Seoul in 1394 Rejected Buddhism- advocating Neo-Classicism as state philosophy China’s Ming Dynasty was a model- copied Ming emperors + blue-and-white porcelain Early Joseon Era: invented Han’geul (alphabet), the rain gauge, astrolabe, celestial globe + water clock The Joseon/Yi Dynasty (1392-1920)
32. Joseon potters excelled in the manufacture of ceramics Ceramics were influenced by Chinese wares of that period, but they didn’t copy them directly Joseon Ceramics
33. Buncheong Wares Stoneware descended from Goryeo celadons Use of white slip- stoneware resembles white porcelain 15th century: slip is inlaid into repeating design elements stamped into the body 16th century: embellished w/ fluid, calligraphic brushwork painted in iron-brown slip on white slip background Most buncheong wares have floral décor, some feature pictorial decoration 1592-1597: Japanese armies invaded the Korean peninsula destroyed buncheong kilns + took buncheongpotters home with them to produce buncheong style-wares
34. Buncheongware that features pictorial decoration Fresh, lively brushstrokes- a bird w/ outstretched wings grasps a fish that it has just caught in its talongs; waves roll below, while 2 giant lotus blossoms frame the scene Horizontal Wine Bottle with Decoration of a Bird Carrying a Newly Caught Fish
35. Beginning in 15th century- Korean potters produced porcelains w/ designs in underglaze cobalt blue Inspired by Chinese Ming porcelains Porcelain kilns- 30 miles south of Seoul Painting on best Korean porcelains resembled that on paper or silk 16th + 17th century: Korean porcelains feature designs painted in underglaze iron bronze rather than blue Korean jars have bulging shoulders, slender bases + short, vertical necks in the 17th century Painted Porcelain
39. “The Hermit Kingdom”- Korea closed its borders to most of the world, except China, until 1876 1910- Japan annexed Korea- ended the Joseon Dynasty self-imposed isolation, colonial occupation (1910-45), World War II (1939-45), + the Korean War (1950-53) impeded Korea’s artistic + cultural development during the first half of the twentieth century Modern Korea
