6. IntroductionIntroduction
• 20% of world’s electrical energy demand
•20%.يِ. الكهربائ مِ. العال ةِ. طاق بِ. مطل نْ م مِ.
• 25-50% of energy usage in some industries
•25-50%.تِ. الصناعا ع ضْ م بَع في ةِ. الطاق لِ. إستعما نْ م مِ.
• Used for
• Domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural
services
•.والمحلية والتجارية والصناعية الزراعية الخدمات
• Municipal water and wastewater services
•.المياة ومعالجة ضخ محطات
What are Pumping Systems
8. IntroductionIntroduction
• Main pump components
• Pumps
• Prime movers: electric motors, diesel engines,
air system
• Piping to carry fluid
• Valves to control flow in system
• Other fittings, control, instrumentation
• End-use equipment
• Heat exchangers, tanks, hydraulic machines
What are Pumping Systems
9. IntroductionIntroduction
Pump operating point
Pumping System Characteristics
• Duty point: rate of
flow at certain
head
• Pump operating
point:
intersection of
pump curve and
system curve Flow
Head
Static
head
Pump performance
curve
System
curve
Pump
operating
point
15. جدا هامة قاعدة
•.السائل تدفق من تزود وانما ضغطا تصنع ل المضخة
.التدفق لمقاومة مؤشر مجرد الضغط
•A Pump doesn’t create pressure
it only provides flow . Pressure
is a just an indication of the
amount of resistance to flow.
16. قاعدة2
•Pumps can Pump only liquid not
vapor
•الغازا ت او البخار تضخ ل سائل ال تضخ ل المضخا ت
17. قاعدة3
• Pumps create flow by reducing
atmospheric pressure on water
(by creating a vacuum)
•على وِيّي الج طِ الضغ تخفيضَخب اً تدفق تُ المضخا تصنعَخ
.(له تفريغ باحداث ء(وذلكِ الما
18. قاعدة4
•The main reason for using head
instead of pressure to measure a
pump’s energy is that the pressure
from a pump will change if the
specific gravity (weight) of liquid
changes but the head not change.
لستخدام الرئيسى السببheadال من بدلpressure
ل هو المضخة قدرة او طاقة لقياسنوزن بتغير يتغير الضغط
(اللزوجة السائل,ال ولكن (..الكثافةheadيتغير ل
19. المضخا ت تصنيف
Pump Classifications
•According to the method of
energy transfer between liquid
& the machine.
•والمضخة السائل بين الطاقة نقل لطريقة طبقا
95. comParisons Between rotary
anD centrifugal PumPs
Rotary Centrifugal
max. Viscosity (cst /
ssu(
1,320,000/6,000,000 550/2500
max. caPacity (cm/Hr
/gPm(
750/3,300 27,250/120,000
PumPing efficiency E A
energy costs E A
self-Priming YES NO
flow control E P
life-cycle cost G G
initial cost A E
E = Excellent, G = Good, A = Average, P = Poor
98. • A Jet Pump is a type of impeller-diffuser pump that is used
to draw water from wells into residences. It can be used for
both shallow (25 feet or less) and deep wells (up to about
200 feet.) Shown here is the underwater part of a deep well
jet pump. Above the surface is a standard impeller-diffuser
type pump. The output of the diffuser is split, and half to
three-fourths of the water is sent back down the well
through the Pressure Pipe (shown on the right here(
• At the end of the pressure pipe the water is accelerated
through a cone-shaped nozzle at the end of the pressure
pipe, shown here within a red cutaway section. Then the
water goes through a Venturi in the Suction Pipe (the pipe
on the left)
• The venturi has two parts: the Venturi Throat, which is the
pinched section of the suction tube; and above that is the
venturi itself which is the part where the tube widens and
connects to the suction pipe.
• The venturi speeds up the water causing a pressure drop
which sucks in more water through the intake at the very
base of the unit. The water goes up the Suction Pipe and
through the impeller -- most of it for another trip around to
the venturi.
108. • The Air Lift Pump is a type of deep well pump, sometimes
used to remove water from mines. It can also be used to
pump a slurry of sand and water or other "gritty" solutions.
In its most basic form this pump has NO moving parts,
other than an air compressor. The efficiency of the air
compressor is a prime factor in determining the overall
efficiency of the pump.
• Increased efficiency in the pump itself can be achieved -
but with added complexity. Shown here is a simple Air Lift
Pump.
• Compressed air is piped down a shaft. The air then returns
up a Discharge Pipe carrying water with it. The pump
works by "aerating" the water in the discharge pipe.
• The added air lowers the specific gravity of the fluid
mixture. Since it is lighter than the surrounding water, it is
pushed upwards.
• This type of pump can lift 20 to 2000 gallons per minute,
up to about 750 feet. The discharge pipe must be placed
deep into the water, from 70% of the height of the pipe
114. • One of the main advantages of the Peristaltic Pump is
cleanliness. It also utilizes another advantage: Fragile
blood cells are not damaged by this pump. The flexible
tube (in this drawing its edges are blue and yellow for
clarity) is connected on the inlet side to the patient's
artery, and on the outlet side to the patient's vein.
• In this example three rollers on rotating arms pinch the
tube against an arc and move the fluid along. There are
usually three or four sets of rollers.
• Peristaltic pumps have a variety of medical
applications. They can be used to add nutrients to
blood, to force blood through filters to clean it, or to
move blood through the body and lungs during open
heart surgery.
Peristaltic PumpsPeristaltic Pumps
129. Step by step
• Look at the ball when it is in the lower position
• Water flows in with a high velocity at water in
• The water flows out at waste water but at the same time it
pushes the ball up the curve
• When the ball hits the top point it blocks the water flow and a
short impulse is build up behind the ball
• The impulse presses a little amount of water through the one-
way-valve at very high pressure
• The impulse is very short and as air can be compressed very fast
the air chamber act as an energy buffer
• The one-way-valve closes again
• The air pressure pumps the water out at water out
• The ball was forced up by the water flow but as the flow stopped
it rolls back to the lower position
• The cycle begins again
134. • All three stations were based on standard Cornish pumps and
were built essentially alike. One of them, Cruquius, is still in
existence as a museum and is illustrated here.
• There are eight pumps surrounding the central steam cylinder,
but at Cruquius only seven were actually connected because
the steam cylinder could not power all eight.
• The cycle shown works as follows: First, steam is introduced
into the center of the cylinder (at about 45 P.S.I.) The steam
pushes the piston up, pushing the upper valves in the pumps
down (two of eight are shown(
• About halfway up the inlet steam valve is closed but steam
continues to expand and push the piston up. It slows to a stop
at the top of the cycle.
• Next the exhaust valve is closed and the equilibrium valve is
opened. Steam then flows around to the top of the piston and,
with the aid of gravity, pushes down on the piston. The upper