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Iug ewg-dk february 2018 rethinking ecological sanitation for rural areas in developing countries - ab-2 (1)
1. IUG/EWB-DK February 2018
Linking Ecological Sanitation &
Food Sovereignty in IUG/EWB-DK
Projects? In Bolivia?
An Appetizer
Arne Backlund
Backlund ApS www.backlund.dk
Facebook
Researchgate
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2. Arne Backlund (Independent Specialist with 30+ years
experience in ecological sanitation in developing
countries): Ecological sanitation – local solutions,
separation, treatment, re-use – examples from rural
communities in low-income countries
Discussion with focus on Bolivia Coroico Project
Ca. 10 + 20-30 min.
Update on planned EWB-DK WASH project in Bolivia
Developments since presentation 2017.10.31 (by
project representative)
Discussion: can some of the methods presented on
ecological sanitation be applied
in Bolivia ? in other EWB-DK projects ?
3. Main Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation
•To Reduce Health Risks related to
Sanitation,Contaminated Water and Waste
•To Prevent Pollution of Surface and Ground Water
•To Prevent Degradation of Soil Fertility
•To Optimise Closing the Loop of Human Excreted
Nutrients, Organic Material and The Water Cycle
Considering Energy & CO2 Balances
•Economically and Ecologically Sustainable and
Culturally Acceptable Systems
4. Bolivia plane crash victim drank urine to stay alive
Sole survivor tells of three-day ordeal eating insects while awaiting rescue
Minor Vidal, the Bolivian plane crash survivor is led out of the jungle by army officers.
Photograph: Reuters Agencies in La Paz
Sunday 11 September 2011 17.50 The sole survivor of a plane crash in Bolivia stayed
alive for nearly three days by eating insects, drinking his own urine and painting an
arrow on the ground with his blood to show rescuers his location.
"He said he'd been trapped in the plane for more than 15 hours and that when he
finally escaped he began to walk and survived by drinking his own urine and water
from a lagoon."
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8. Another solution to areas in developing countries
with a dry climate is to install dry toilets which
separate the urine from the faeces. In this way the
urine can be directly used as fertilizer and the faeces
can be stored in a non-humid alkaline environment
for a lengthy storage period before being used as
fertilizer (or for biogas production which we saw an
example of at the SOS – Aldea infantil). In that way
the pathogens can be destroyed. For less attendance
one can build two toilets to alter between where the
excrement in the toilet not used can be left long time
enough to be safe to use as fertilizer.
9. LANTBRUK
13 MARS 2014
Återvunnen urin framtidens gödningsmelodi
Källsorterad urin är det återvunna gödningsmedel
som bidrar med minst kadmium och miljöpåverkan.
Det visar en doktorsavhandling vid SLU.
10.
11. Flow or Stream of Material
•Human urine contributes to about 80 % of the
load of N and 50 % of the P load of conventional
domestic wastewater
•Human Urine treated conventional requires
large amounts of energy producing large
amounts of sludge
12. Flow or Stream of Materials
•We Excrete most of the Nutrients we
Consume
•Human Urine contributes with only 1 % of the
Volume of Household Wastewater but contains
80 % of N, 55 % of P and 60 % of K and less than
0.6 % of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
13. Phosphorus
•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.
•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.
•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil Would
Cover 80 % of P Demand
•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus Human
Excreta could be a Golden Opportunity.
•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
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18. Svend Auken
Miljø- og energiminister (27. sept. 1994 – 27. nov. 2001)
• 1997 4-årig aftale om at afsætte midler til en
”Aktionsplan for fremme af økologisk byfornyelse og
spildevandsrensning”
• 2000 blev ordningen forlænget i 4 år.
• Finanslov 2002 - Stop for bevilling af midler til
gennemførelse af aktionsplanen.
Tema 1: Økologisk håndtering af spildevand i det åbne land
Tema 2: Økologiske byggematerialer og konstruktioner
Tema 3: Næringsstoffer fra by til land
Tema 4: Håndtering af sekundavand
60. Willow Evapotranspiration System
MARJATTA Tappernøje Denmark
From the first known
”unknown” system in
1991/1992 to best known
practice in 2018
Zero Discharge Sanitation
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/worlds-first-oldest-known-on-site-zero-discharge-willow-
arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card
Estimated 7000 – 8000 Households connected
72. Willow bed ready for planting april 2004
Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall
February 2005
June 2005
Willows August 2005 seco
growing season
4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark
75. Opsamling 1 år i
Kaggen 1
Efter 1 års kompostering
i Kaggen 1
Efter 1 års kompostering i Kaggen 1
http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publikationer/2
003/87-7972-742-5/pdf/87-7972-743-3.pdf
76. Efter 8 måneder i
havekomposten
www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publikationer/2003/87
42-5/pdf/87-7972-743-3.pdf
79. Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Agriculture - Diversed sustainable organic production of food
based on permaculture principles. Professional farmers
included
Heating - Geothermal heat pump or ground source heat pump
(GSHP)
Electricity - Wind turbines – later combined with solar cells
Wastewater - Urine from 90 individual diverting EcoFlush
toilets + further in commen house will be used on the fields
after 6 month storage in collection containers.
Greywater and brownwater go to a very large Zero Discharge
Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Composting - Organic residuals and harvested willow are
composted
Closing the loop - By taking human urine and compost back to
agriculture based on permaculture principles.