Lecture 1 technology-management_intro
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Lecture 1 technology-management_intro
- 2. Distinguish between data and information and explain the role of management information systems in business. List the components and different types of information systems. Outline how computer hardware and software are used to manage information. Describe the networking and telecommunications technology and types of computer networks. Discuss the security and ethical issues involving computer information systems. Explain the steps that companies go through in planning for, and recovering from information system disasters. Review current trends in information systems. 1 2 3 Learning Goals 4 5 6 7
- 3. Introduction Data – raw facts and figures Information – knowledge gained from processing data Information System – organized method for collecting, storing, and communicating information on operations
- 5. Components of Information Systems Computer Hardware Computer Software Telecommunications and Computer Networks Data Resource Management Computer Hardware Computer Software Telecommunications and Computer Networks Data Resource Management
- 6. Types of Information Systems • Operational Support Systems – Transaction Processing System – Process Control System • Management Support Systems – Management Information System (MIS) – Decision Support System (DSS)
- 7. Computer Hardware • The tangible elements of a computer system • The components that store and process data, perform calculations • Input devices like the keyboard and mouse allow users to enter data and commands. • Storage and processing components consist of the hard drive and other storage components like flash drives.
- 8. Types of Computers • Desktop (Personal) Computers • Server • Supercomputers
- 9. Computer Software • Programs and computer languages that control a computer • Operating System – Windows Operating System – Mac Operating System – Linux Operating System • Application Software – Microsoft PowerPoint
- 10. Computer Networks THE INTERNET Local Area Networks (LAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN) Wireless Local Networks Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
- 11. Security Issues • E-Crime • Computer Viruses – Targeted Attacks
- 12. Ethical Issues Affecting Information Systems • Use of information systems by employees and vendors: – Personal Use – Privacy • Organizational use of information: – Employment records – Employee monitoring
- 13. Disaster Recovery & Backup • Natural Disasters • Power Failures • Equipment • Human Error • Terrorist Attacks • The most basic precaution – Backup.
- 14. Information Systems Trends • The Distributed Workforce – Employees who work in virtual offices • Application Service Providers – A firm that provides computers and application support • On Demand, Cloud computing – Renting software time
- 16. Introduction Economy: All the activities involved in the production and distribution of goods and services. Information: Any Essentially, anything that can be digitized—encoded as a stream of bits—is information. E.g. baseball scores, books, databases, magazines, movies, music and Web pages are all information goods.
- 18. • Complements – Different manufacturers – Strategy for complementors as well as competitors – Compatibility as strategic choice – Standards and interconnection The Information Economy
- 19. • Infrastructure to store, retrieve, filter, manipulate, view, transmit, and receive information • Adds value to information – Web = 1 terabyte of text = 1 million books – Value of Web is in ease of access • Front end to databases, etc. Technology
- 20. Characteristics of 21st Century Economies • Driven by the services sectors • Founded on information/communication networks – next generation Internet • Dependent on effective reforms in the telecom sector – information infrastructure • Strengthening links among local, national, regional, internatonal networks and markets
- 21. • Expanding Network Capacity (Broadband) • Developing New Services - “killer applications!” • Applying Services Productively in Different Sectors Stages of Telecom/Information Sector reforms
- 22. Technologies Policies Markets Applications Services Regulations Criteria for Economic Growth
Notas do Editor
- There is a distinct difference between data and information. It is important for firms to understand the competitive possibilities of a good information system. Information technology is managed by the Chief Information Officer. Technology has advanced so quickly that al business, regardless of size or location, now have access to data and information that can make them competitive in a global arena. The CIO traditionally reports directly to the CEO. An effective information system can help answer questions for business Can we communicate more effectively and efficiently? How will rising energy prices affect product and distribution costs? How well is our product selling in Atlanta? Have sales among consumers age 25 to 45 increased or decreased?
- These systems rely on computer and related technologies to store information electronically. In the past, an information system may have included 3-by-5 inch index cards to organize customer addresses. Computer-based information systems consist of four components and technologies: Computer Hardware, Computer Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks and Data Resource Management. Databases are a centralized collection of data, at the heart of any information system. Databases are electronic filing systems and they are specific to a business’s operations.
- Information systems fall into two broad categories: operational support systems and management support systems. Operational support systems are designed to produce a variety of information on an organization’s activities for both internal and external users. Transaction processing systems record and process data. Process control systems monitor and control physical processes. Management support systems aid in making effective decisions. Management information systems produce reports for managers. A decision support system provides support to businesspeople during the decision-making process. An executive support systems lets senior executives access the firm’s databases and combines relevant data and details to support decisions and operations.
- Hardware is the tangible element of your computer system – the hard drive, keyboard, mouse, and storage components. Unlike the desktop computers that sit on your desk at home or school, there are varying types of computers.
- Desktop computers are everywhere – in homes, schools, government agencies and businesses. Most desktop computers are connected to networks which are managed by servers. Servers are the heart of computer networks. Mainframes and supercomputers are large computer systems with powerful processing and storage capacities. The number of notebook computers (laptops) has increased as the prices have decreased. There are even smaller notebooks available now with less power called netbooks. Hand-held devices are even smaller than netbooks. Hand-held devices have become more popular with the decreasing cost of processing power. Many hand-helds have evolved into smart phones – combination cell phone and personal assistant device.
- Computer software includes all programs, routines, and computer languages that control a computer and tell it how to operate. The software that tells a computer how to operate is an operating system. Most users are familiar with application software like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Quicken. The future of application software is uncertain with more use of the web and web applications.
- Local area networks and wide area networks allow businesses to communicate, transmit and print documents, and share data. One of the largest networks is the Internet. Intranets, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) are all byproducts of the Internet (network). Most organizations connect their offices and buildings through a local area network while wide area networks tie larger geographical regions together. Wireless networks allow devices to be connected without the hassle of cables. The current standard is WiFi. Many people access WiFi connections at place like Panera Bread. They are becoming more popular as a free service in public places. Intranets are private company networks that are patterned after the Internet. It is an internal Internet and can be used to share information within the company. Virtual Private Networks are secure points on the Internet that help organizations with increased security. VoIP is an alternative to traditional telephone service. VOIP is telephone service that uses the Internet to relay phone calls. The phone line is connected to the computer instead of a phone jack.
- E-crime and malware are two issues that are major security threats. E-crime may or may not be malicious. Some of the stunts online are simply to see if a user can hack a system. Common e-crimes include changing data to create misleading information, modifying computer programs to create false or illegal transactions, or to access computer systems for their own benefit or knowledge. Individuals, businesses, and organizations are vulnerable to computer crime. Another threat for organizations is the potential theft of computer hardware. Malware are malicious software programs designed to infect computer systems. Viruses are programs that secretly attach themselves to other programs and change or destroy them. A worm is a small piece of software that exploits a security hole and replicates itself. A trojan horse is a program that claims to do one thing but does something different. It might claim to be a game and then erases your hard drive. Spyware is software that secretly gathers user information for advertising purposes. Once spyware is installed, it monitors the user’s activity.
- Ethical issues in information technology raise a number of ethical issues and concerns. Many organizations have specific ethical standards and policies regarding the use of information systems by employees and vendors. There are also policies to protect security and privacy confidentiality. Monitoring employees and access to employment records are also ethical issues affecting information systems.
- Disaster can cause organizations billions of dollars. Many companies run their entire business using technology. Disaster recovery plans are imperative – they outline how to prevent system failures and continue operations if computer systems fail. Many organizations conduct off-site data storage.
- Virtual offices include working from home. Application service providers offer cost savings and can simplify software management for organizations. On-demand computing (utility computing) is the rental of software time from application service providers. Cloud computing uses servers to store software applications to be accessed via the web, PC, or smart phone. Grid computing creates a virtual mainframe for businesses to rent and use.