Mittal Steel acquired Arcelor, the second largest steel producer, creating ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steelmaker. Mittal Steel initially attempted a friendly acquisition of Arcelor but was rebuffed. After increasing its acquisition bids several times and offering a premium of 93% on Arcelor's share price, the hostile takeover was finalized at $33.8 billion. The acquisition increased ArcelorMittal's revenue, profits, and market share substantially, though Arcelor's management had resisted due to concerns about job losses and losing control of the European company.

1. Corporate
Restructuring
Prof. Pushkal Pandey
January 16, 2014
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3. Headquarters of ArcelorMittal in Luxembourg

4. Introduction to the Companies
MITTAL STEEL:
Was the largest producer of steel in terms of volume.
Based in Netherlands. Founded in 1989 as Ispat International in Sumatra, Indonesia.
ARCELOR:
Was the second largest producer of steel in terms of turnover and output.
Created by the merger of three companies: Aceralia (Spain), Arbed (Luxembourg), Usinor
(France)

5. What is an Acquisition?
 An acquisition is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer, or
bidder) which leads to transfer of control over a firm from one group of shareholders to
another.
 Can be done in two ways:
1) By Purchasing Voting Rights Stock
2) By Purchasing the assets
 Types of Acquisitions:
1) Friendly
2) Hostile
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The acquisition of Arcelor by Mittal Steel led to the creation of ArcelorMittal , the largest
steelmaker in the world.

6. The Initial Attempts….
1. The first bid made by Mittal was at a premium of 27%.
2. In late May, Mittal increased this bid by 34%.
3. Finally, the last bid was increased by 14% implicating the purchase of Arcelor’s
share at a premium of 93%.
4. The agreement was finalized at the total buy out price of $33.8 billion in cash and
stock.
5. The new bid was valued at $50.54 per Arcelor share.

7. Why this takeover was planned?
• Laxmi Mittal believed that the acquisition would terminate its biggest competitor
dominating the steel industry.
• Acquisition helps in companies improving their sourcing of raw materials; access
to more markets, better utilization, and better efficiency.

8. Competition at a Glance….

9. Why the resistance for this takeover by
Arcelor?
•
The CEO of Arcelor rejected Mittal Steel’s bid as it was considered an Indian company and
unworthy of overtaking an European company.
•
The French Government was against this deal as it was concerned about the dismissal of
about 28000 Arcelor employees.
•
The managers and employees of Arcelor were trying to protect their personal interests and
control over the company.

10. Takeover Tactics employed by Mittal Steel
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• At first, Mittal attempted a friendly takeover but got rebuffed.
• Then another attempt was made by offering Arcelor a two-tiered cash and stock
tender.
• But the main strategy used was increased price for the shares for Arcelor at an
attractive and appealing premium of 93% with the approval of EU.

11. Takeover Defenses employed by Arcelor
•
Initially, Guy Dolle attempted to gain support among local politicians and the press to come
out against the proposed takeover by emphasizing potential job losses and disruption to
local communities.
•
Arcelor also provided its shareholders with an attractive alternative to tendering their
shares to Mittal by announcing an $8.75 billion share buy-back at a price well above their
then current share price.
•
In an attempt to criticize the offer from Mittal Steel, Arcelor released a 13 Billion Euros
merger plan with Severstal, a Russian company. This merger would have made the new
Severstal-Arcelor entity too big for Mittal Steel to buy.
•
On February 16, Arcelor declared a dividend of 1.2 Euros, which was 85% percent higher
than the previous dividend in 2004.

12. Financial Aspects After The Acquisition….
• The revenue increased from $28 billion to $105 billion.
• Net Operating Income increased from $4.7 billion to $14.8 billion.
• Net Profit increased from $3.36 billion to $10.36 billion.
• Swap ratio was 1 : 1.0833
• Enlarged market share.
• Increase in the share value by 9.9% to $52.99.

13. ArcelorMittal Today….
• Headquarters: Luxembourg
• World’s leading steel and mining company
• CEO: Laxmi Mittal & CFO: Aditya Mittal
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• 2,45,000 Employees
• Market Cap of $26.64 Billion
• In 2012 alone, produced 88.2 million tonnes of steel and shipped 83.8 millions.
• Own steel making facilities in 16 countries.

15. Stock Prices Movement…

16. A Glimpse of Company’s Operations…

17. QUESTIONS:
Arguments for and against encouraging hostile corporate takeovers

Hostile takeovers may be appropriate whenever target management is not working in the
best interests of its shareholders (i.e., so-called agency problems).

However, while such transactions often are concluded in a negotiated settlement, the
subsequent enmity raises the cost of integration of culture and the ultimate cost of the
takeover.
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18. Was Arcelor’s management acting to protect their own positions or in the
best interests of the shareholders?
•
Arcelor’s management was acting to protect themselves, the end result was a
dazzling 93 percent premium paid by Mittal over Arcelor’s share price when the
takeover began.
•
It is difficult to argue that the end result was not in the best interests of Arcelor’s
shareholders.

19. Conclusion…
• Mittal Steel took a high degree of risk.
• But succeeded in laying off its biggest competitor.
• Despite many obstacles, Laxmi Mittal achieved his vision of becoming the sole
giant of the steel industry.

20. THANK YOU!