Leukemia is a malignant disease where the bone marrow and blood-forming organs produce abnormal white blood cells. This suppresses normal blood cell production and can lead to anemia. Risk factors include exposure to radiation, certain chemicals like benzene, chemotherapy for other cancers, genetic disorders like Down syndrome, and smoking. Treatments include chemotherapy, biological therapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants. While most causes are unknown, exposure to certain risks like radiation, benzene, smoking, and some chemotherapy can be avoided to potentially prevent some types of leukemia.