The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of the universe and the solar system. It states that the widely accepted Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the violent expansion of space-time and extremely dense and hot matter. It also describes the Nebular Hypothesis for the formation of the solar system, which suggests that the sun and planets formed from a giant rotating cloud of gas and dust approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Additionally, it briefly outlines other hypotheses such as the Creationist Theory, Oscillating Universe Theory, and Steady-State Theory.

1. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
QUARTER I

2. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Learning Competency:
• State the different hypotheses explaining
the origin of the universe
– S11/12ES-Ia-e-1
• Describe the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the solar system
– S11/12ES-Ia-e-2
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3. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe
Cosmology is the study of the universe, including its
properties, structure and evolution.
The universe began 10-15 billion years ago, when an
explosion called the Big Bang occurred.
The first 3 minutes after, great quantities of hydrogen
and helium were created, spanning apart at great
speeds.
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4. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
3 million years later, huge clouds stretching
500 million light years across, began to
condense.
After about 200 million years, these
condensations formed the first galaxies ( the
birthplace of the stars and of elements
heavier than hydrogen and helium.
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5. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
The Big Bang Theory
- All of the energy and matter of the
universe were compressed into a hot and
dense state.
- Temperature decreased sufficiently to
allow clumps of matter to collect.
- These materials formed the first nebulae
which evolved into the first stars and
galaxies.
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6. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
- Our Solar system were formed 5 billion
years later.
- In 1930, the American astronomer Edwin
P. Hubble showed that the universe is
expanding.
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7. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
Creationist Theory
- This theory states that God, the Supreme
Being, created the whole universe out of
nothing
- The proof can be read in the Holy Bible
Stipulating that God created the heavens
and the earth including man.

8. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
Oscillating Universe Theory
- Was proposed by Russian-born US
cosmologist George Gamow who helped
explain the Big Bang Theory.
- The expansion of the universe will
eventually come to a halt then collapses
up to the time that the universe will return
to its original form and another Big Bang
will occur.
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9. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
Steady-State Theory
- States that the universe has always been
the same since the beginning and will
remain in its present state until eternity.
- Claims that new galaxies appear as a
result of the drifting apart of other galaxies
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10. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Universe cont.
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The Origin of the
Universe

11. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Solar System
In 1796, Marquis de Laplace, a French
astronomer proposed the nebular
hypothesis:
a) That the solar system system evolved
from a slowly rotating gaseous cloud.
b) As it cooled by radiation and contracted,
it rotated faster and faster, causing the
gas to take a dish-like form.
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12. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Solar System cont
c) At a certain speed the gravitational
attraction could no longer hold the outer
material to the central mass, and it broke
into the ring. This material condensed and
formed a planet.
d) The process continued, forming planets at
various distances from the sun. The moons
around the planets were formed by the
same process.
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13. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Origin of the Solar System cont.
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Exploring our
Solar System

14. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
References:
• Salandanan, G. et.al. (2016). Earth and Life
Sciences for Senior High School (Core Subject).
Lorimar Publishing Inc.
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15. THANK YOU!