Green Computing

1. GREEN COMPUTING
AswAthy R K
406

2. What Is Green Computing?
"The study and practice of designing,
manufacturing, using, and disposing of
computers, servers, and associated
subsystems efficiently and effectively with
minimal or no impact on the environment."

3. Why Green Computing?
 Growing public environmental
awareness
 Increasing impacts on environmental
and human health
 Corporate social responsibility

4. Roads To Green Computing
• Green Use
• Green Disposal
• Green Design
• Green Manufacturing

5. Reasons for Adopting Green Solution
Manufacturing of PC’s
 Lead: used in soldering of printed circuit boards lead can
cause damage to the central and peripheral nervous system ,
blood systems and kidneys.
 Mercury: used in batteries, switches . Mercury spreads
out in water transforming into methylated mercury that can
cause chronic brain damage.
 Cadmium: used in resistors for chips and in
semiconductors . Cadmium is classified as toxic these
compounds accumulate in the human body, particularly the
kidneys.

6. Green manufacturing
• Bamboo : is becoming increasingly popular for making casings for
computers and peripherals.
• Recyclable plastics : computers are constructed from non-recyclable
plastics ie recyclable polycarbonate resin.
• Eco-friendly flame retardant : there are flame retardant silicone
compounds available that are flame retardant and completely non-toxic.
• Inventory management : reducing the quantity of both hazardous
materials used in the process and the amount of excess raw materials.
• Volume reduction : removes hazardous portion of waste from non
hazardous portion.

7. Green Products

8. Approaches
• Virtualisation
• Algorithm Efficiency
• Power Management
• Power Supply
• Display
• Storage
• Material Recycling
• Telecommunicating

9. Virtualization
Instead of having one computer for each service or set of
services, you can instead consolidate each server onto a
larger virtualized system that uses its resources to the
fullest, and has a much smaller energy footprint.
This benefits in several ways:
• It reduces the total amount of hardware used in your
environment
• Idle Virtual servers can be powered off
• The virtualized server will have much less idle time and
waste less
• The total volume of space, air, and rent will be reduced.
Data centers can use up to 100 times the energy per
square foot of typical office space.

10. Algorithmic efficiency:
• The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the
amount of computer resources required for any given
computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs
in writing programs. While algorithmic efficiency
does not have as much impact as other approaches, it is
still an important consideration. A study by a physicist at
Harvard, estimated that the average Google search
released 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂).However,
Google disputes this figure, arguing instead that a typical
search produces only 0.2 grams of CO₂.

11. Power Management
The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
(ACPI), an open industry standard, allows an operating
system to directly control the power-saving aspects of its
underlying hardware. This allows a system to
automatically turn off components such as monitors and
hard drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition, a
system may hibernate, where most components
(including the CPU and the system RAM) are turned off.
ACPI is a successor to an earlier Intel-Microsoft standard
called Advanced Power Management, which allows a
computer's BIOS to control power management
functions.

12. Power supply
Desktop computer power supplies (PSUs) are
generally 70–75% efficient, dissipating the
remaining energy as heat. An industry initiative
called 80 PLUS certifies PSUs that are at least
80% efficient all new Energy Star 4.0-certified
desktop PSUs must be at least 80% efficient.

13. Display
CRT monitors typically use more power than LCD
monitors. They also contain significant amounts of lead.
LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode fluorescent
bulb to provide light for the display. Some newer displays
use an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of
the fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of
electricity used by the display.Fluorescent back-lights
also contain mercury, whereas LED back-lights do not.

14. Storage
Smaller form factor (e.g. 2.5 inch) hard disk drives often
consume less power per gigabyte than physically larger
drives. Unlike hard disk drives, solid-state drives store
data in flash memory or DRAM. With no moving parts,
power consumption may be reduced somewhat for low
capacity flash based devices

15. Material Recycling
• Computer monitors (CRTs) contain an average of 4 lbs. of lead, a
lot of reusable glass, chromium and mercury. All of these elements
can be extracted and reused. For example, our recycler takes the
glass from old monitors, and sends them to Samsung for use on flat
screen monitors and TVs.
• CDs/DVDs contain gold, glass, plastic, nickel and other elements
that are completely recoverable and reusable.
• Batteries – everything from the batteries that power your phone,
laptop, and mouse can be recycled, whether single-use or
rechargable.

16. Telecommunicating
• Teleconferencing and Telepresence technologies are
often implemented in green computing initiatives.
• The advantages are many; increased worker
satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
related to travel, and increased profit margins as a result
of lower overhead costs for office space, heat, lighting,
etc.
• Voice over IP (VoIP) reduces the telephony wiring
infrastructure by sharing the existing Ethernet copper.
VoIP and phone extension mobility also made hot
desking more practical.

17. Energy Use of PCs
• CPU uses 120 Watts
• CRT uses 150 Watts
– 8 hours of usage, 5 days a week = 562 Kwatts
– for a large institution, say a university of 40,000
students and faculty, the power bill for just computers
can come to $2 million / year
• Energy use comes from
– electrical current to run the CPU, motherboard,
memory
– running the fan and spinning the disk(s)
– monitor (CRTs consume more power than any other
computer component)

18. How to save energy while
working on the
internet ?? • Blackle is a website powered by Google Custom Search and
created by Heap Media, which aims to save energy by displaying
a black background and using grayish-white font color for search
results.
• Blackle saves energy because the screen is predominantly black
• Set Blackle as your homepage.

19. How to save energy while working on the
computer?? Sleep mode:
• Sleep or standby mode conserves energy by cutting off power to
your display, hard drives and peripherals.
• After a pre-set period of inactivity, your computer switches to a
low power state.
Hibernate mode :
• Saves energy and protects your work by copying system data to
a reserved area on your hard drive and then completely turning
off your computer.
• Reduces wear and tear on your components.

20. Energy star
• One of the first manifestations of the green computing
movement was the launch of energy star program back in
1992.
• Energy Star served as a kind of voluntary label awarded to
computing products that succeeded in minimizing use of
energy while maximizing efficiency.
• Energy Star applied to products like computer monitors,
television sets and temperature control devices like
refrigerators, air conditioners, and similar items.

21. Steps For Green Computing
• Environmentally Sound Purchase Systems
• Sustainable Green Computing Plan
• Reduce Paper Consumption
• Conserve Energy
• Recycling

22. Advantages
• Reduce Energy Usage
• Conserving Resources
• Reduces The Risk
• Saving The Energy
• Saving The Planet

23. Recent Implementations
Blackle
Fit-PC
Zonbu computer
Sunray thin client
The Asus Eee PC
Other implementations

25. Future Of Green Computing
The plan towards green IT should include new
electronic products and services with optimum
efficiency and all possible options towards
energy savings.

26. Conclusion
The greenest computer will not miraculously
fall from the sky one day, it’ll be the product of
years of improvements. The features of a green
computer of tomorrow would be like:
efficiency,
manufacturing & materials, recyclability,
service model, self-powering, and other trends.

27. THANK YOU!