Internet of things (IoT)

1. Introduction to Emerging Tech.
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Introduction to Emerging Technology
Course Code :- EMTE1011/1012
Chapter 5

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• It is about extending the power of the internet beyond computers and
smartphones to a whole range of other things, processes, and
environments.
• IoT is at the center of the Digital Transformation Revolution that
is changing the shape of business, enterprise and people’s lives.
• This transformation influences everything from how we manage
and operate our homes to automating processes across nearly all
industries.
Definition of IoT?

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 According to internet architecture Board(IAB)
 It is the network of smart objects that are intelligent
communicating with each other with out human
interventions.
 According to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
 It is a networking of smart objects in which smart objects have
some constraints such as limited bandwidth, power, and
processing accessibility for achieving interoperability among
smart objects.
Definition of IoT …

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 Generally IoT, is the network of physical objects or “things” which are
embedded with
 Electronics
 Software
 Sensors, and
 Network connectivity’s
 Which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
 Therefore IOT is equal to
IoT = Service +data + Network+ Sensor
Definition of IoT …

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• Therefore, IoT is the system of interconnected computing device,
mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are
provided with unique identifier.
• And has the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human to human or human to computer interaction.
• This device can also sense its environment in a specified location,
accumulate, and transfer data over the internet without any human
interventions.
Definition of IoT?

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 Defining IoT as the next stage of the Internet
 Generally, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are
 Provided with unique identifier in the form RFID tags, or IP address
 Having embedded technologies like to sense the environment, gather data
and communicate with the environment in which they reside
 Clouds
 The ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-
human or human-to-computer interaction.
Definition of IoT?

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Definition of IoT?

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Definition of IoT?
Not every connected device is part of the Internet of Things

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• When something is connected to the internet, that means that it can send information
or receive information, or both. This ability to send and/or receive information makes
things smart, and smarter is better.
• Let’s use smartphones again as an example.
 You can listen to any song in the world, but not because your phone has every
song stored on it.
 It’s because every song in the world is stored somewhere else (that place is
known as “the cloud”), and your phone can request a song, and receive
information to stream it.
• To be smart, a thing doesn’t need to have super storage or a supercomputer inside
of it. All a thing has to do is connect to super storage or to a supercomputer.
Being connected is awesome.
Why IoT Matters?

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• In the Internet of Things, all the things can be put into three categories:
1. Sensors that collect information and then send it.
2. Computers that receive information and then act on it.
3. Things that do both.
•
Cond … ?

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Collecting and Sending Information
• This means sensors.
• Sensors can recognize the environments in which it is deployed. Such as the
temperature, motion, moisture, air quality, light, and almost anything else you
can think of.
• Sensors, when paired with an internet connection, allow us to collect
information from the environment.
• Which, in turn, helps make better decisions.
Cond … ?
(Soil moisture sensor)

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Collecting and Sending Information
• On a farm, automatically getting information about soil moisture can tell
farmers exactly when crops need to be watered.
• Instead of watering too much or too little (either of which can lead to bad
outcomes), the farmer can ensure that crops get exactly the right amount of
water.
• The sensors collect information about the soil moisture.
Cond … ?
(Soil moisture sensor)

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• Now, the farmer could activate the irrigation system, or turn it off as
appropriate.
• With IoT-enabled systems, you don’t actually need the farmer for that
process.
• Instead, the irrigation system can automatically act as needed, based on how
much moisture is detected.
• You can take it a step further too.
• If the irrigation system receives information about the weather from its
internet connection, it can also know when it’s going to rain and decide not to
water the crops when they’ll be watered by the rain anyways.
Cond … ?

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• And it doesn’t stop there! All this
information about the soil moisture,
• how much the irrigation system is
watering the crops, and
• how well the crops actually grow can
be collected and sent to
supercomputers in the cloud that
run algorithms.
Cond … ?
• To that analyze all this information, leading to models that could be
used to predict future conditions and prevent losses.

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• And that’s just one kind of sensor.
• Add in other sensors like light, air quality, and temperature, and these
algorithms can learn much more.
• With dozens, hundreds, thousands of farms all collecting information, these
algorithms can create incredible insights into how to make crops grow the
best, helping to feed the world’s growing population.
Cond … ?

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Cond …
 The internet of things (IoT) has found its application in several areas such as.
 connected industry
 smart-city and Smart-home
 Connected car
 Smart-energy, Smart agriculture, connected building and campus, health
care, logistics, among other domains.
• IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and
integration within a system.

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important features of IoT ?
Any IoT device comes up with the following features:
• Connectivity
 Connectivity refers to establish a proper connection between all the things of
IoT to IoT platform it may be server or cloud.
 After connecting the IoT devices, it needs a high speed messaging between
the devices and cloud to enable reliable, secure and bi-directional
communication.
 it is not possible to execute any proper business use case.
 IoT devices can be connected over Radio waves, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Li-Fi,
etc.

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important features of IoT ?
• Sensing
 We humans can naturally understand and analyze our circumstances easily
based on our past experiences with various things or situations.
 In the case of IoT in order to get the best of it, we need to read the analog
signal, convert it in such a way that we can derive meaningful insights out of
it.
 We use Electrochemical, gyroscope, pressure, light sensors, GPS,
Electrochemical, pressure, RFID, etc.
 to gather data based on a particular problem. For example for automotive
use cases, we use Light detection sensors along with pressure, velocity and
imagery sensors. To make a use case successful we need to choose the
proper sensing paradigm.

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important features of IoT ?
• Active Engagements
 IoT device connects various products, cross-platform technologies and
services work together by establishing an active engagement between them.
 IoT devices connects various technologies and cross platforms, due to which
services work together and establishes active engagement.
 Cloud computing in Blockchain is basically used to establish active
engagement

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IOT ( internet of things ?
important features of IoT include e
• Integration:
 IoT integrates with various cross-domain technologies and ensures improved
user experience.
 It also handles the trade-off between infrastructure and operational costs.

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IOT ( internet of things ?
important features of IoT include
 Artificial intelligence
 IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it
enhances every aspect of life with the power of data collection,
artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks.
 This can mean something as simple as enhancing your refrigerator
and cabinets to detect when milk and your favorite cereal run low,
and to then place an order with your preferred grocer.
 small device use

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IoT – Advantages
 The advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and
business.
 Improved Customer Engagement
 Technology Optimization
 Reduced Waste
 Leading to the more effective management of resources.
 Enhanced Data Collection

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IoT- Disadvantages
• The dis advantages of IoT
 Exposed to various kinds of attackers b/c a hacker could steal confidential
information also increases.
 If there’s a bug in the system, it’s likely that every connected device will
become corrupted.
 Compatibility is still arise. Therefore it’s difficult for devices from different
VENDER to communicate with each other.

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Challenges of IoT
 A significant set of challenges.
 Security −
 Vulnerable to security threats..
 The system offers little control despite any security measures.
 This leaves users exposed to various kinds of attackers.
 Privacy − The sophistication of IoT provides substantial personal data in
extreme detail without the user's active participation

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Challenges of IoT
 A significant set of challenges.
 Complexity − Some find IoT systems complicated in terms of design, deployment,
and maintenance given their use of multiple technologies and a large set of new
enabling technologies.
 Flexibility − Many are concerned about the flexibility of an IoT system to integrate
easily with another. They worry about finding themselves with several conflicting
or locking systems.
 Compliance − IoT, like any other technology in the realm of business, must
comply with regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of compliance seem
incredibly challenging when many consider standard software compliance a battle.

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Applications of IoT
 Healthcare –
 Wearable IoT devices let hospitals monitor their patients’ health at home, thereby
reducing hospital stays while still providing up to the minute real-time information
that could save lives.
 In hospitals, smart beds keep the staff informed as to the availability, thereby
cutting wait time for free space. Putting IoT sensors on critical equipment means
fewer breakdowns and increased reliability, which can mean the difference between
life and death.
 Elderly care becomes significantly more comfortable with IoT. In addition to the
above-mentioned real-time home monitoring, sensors can also determine if a
patient has fallen or is suffering a heart attack.

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Applications of IoT
 Transportation –
 By this time, most people have heard about the progress being made with self-
driving cars.
 The GPS, which if you think of it is another example of IoT, is being utilized to
help transportation companies plot faster and more efficient routes for trucks
hauling freight, thereby speeding up delivery times.
 There’s already significant progress made in navigation, once again alluding to a
phone or car’s GPS.
 But city planners can also use that data to help determine traffic patterns, parking
space demand, and road construction and maintenance.

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Applications of IoT
 Insurance –
 Even the insurance industry can benefit from the IoT revolution. Insurance
companies can offer their policy holders discounts for IoT wearables such as Fitbit.
 By employing fitness tracking, the insurer can offer customized policies and
encourage healthier habits, which in the long run benefits everyone, insurer, and
customer alike.

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Applications of IoT
 IoT Based Smart City–
 Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings,
bridges and historical monuments.
 Lightning: intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights.
 Safety: Digital video monitoring, fire control management, public announcement
systems.
 Transportation: Smart Roads and Intelligent High-ways with warning messages
and diversions according to climate conditions and unexpected events like
accidents or traffic jams.
 Smart Parking: Real-time monitoring of parking spaces available in the city
making residents able to identify and reserve the closest available spaces,

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Applications of IoT
 IoT Based Smart Home–
 Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely appliances to avoid
accidents and save energy.
 Weather: Displays outdoor weather conditions such as humidity, temperature,
pressure, wind speed and rain levels
 Smart Home Appliances: Refrigerators with LCD screen telling what’s inside,
food that’s about to expire, ingredients you need to buy and with all the information
available on a smartphone app. Washing machines allowing you to monitor the
laundry remotely, and.
 Safety Monitoring: cameras, and home alarm systems making people feel safe in
their daily life at home.