1. Chapter 23 WWI
Woodrow Wilson was the President
He stated to “strike a new note in international
affairs and to see that sheer honesty and even
unselfishness should prevail over nationalistic self-
seeking”.
He strongly opposed imperialism

2. What was happening in Europe?
• Despite more than 40 years of general
peace, tensions among some European
nations—England, France and Germany
—were building in 1914. Throughout the
late 1880’s and early 1900’s, a number of
factors created problems among the
powers of Europe and set the stage for a
monumental war.

3. The MAIN reasons for war

4. Militarism
• Building up arms
• When Germany stated to modernize its army
and navy, England felt it had to do the same .
Other major powers followed their lead.
•
http://youtu.be/D6_r6eB_nQY

6. Alliances
• Agreements or promises to defend and
help another country.
• A series of interlocking allies
• When the conflict started, these ties led
to the division of Europe into 2 camps
• http://youtu.be/UAeMeuuspmk

8. Imperialism
Trying to build up an empire. By the
1800’s, Britain and France had colonies in
Africa and Asia that provided raw materials
and markets for their products. Germany
wanted its own colonies and trade

10. Nationalism
• Having pride in your country,
willing to defend it. As well as
self-determination-the ability to
chose own government

11. Nationalism
• Having pride in your country,
willing to defend it. As well as
self-determination-the ability to
chose own government

12. The Balkan Crisis

13. • Historically, the Ottoman Empire and the
Austro-Hungarian Empire had ruled the
Balkans. But as nationalism became a
powerful force in the 1800’s, the different
national groups—the Serbs, Bosnians, Croats
and Slovens-- within these empires began to
press for independence.
• The first to gain independence were the Serbs
—they formed Serbia.

15. Russia supported Serbia, BUT Austria-
Hungary did not and annexed Bosnia

16. The Serbs were furious-it
demonstrated to them that Austria-
Hungary had no intention of letting
the Slavic people become
independent.
• So then the archduke of Austria-Hungary
Franz Ferdinand visited the Bosnia capital of
Sarajevo and was assassinated by a Serbian.

17. The War Begins

18. The War Begins
• The Austria-Hungary government blamed
Serbia so they were going to attack Serbia.
• AuHu asked Germany for support
• AuHu declared on Serbia
• Germany declared war on Russia and France
• After Germany crossed through Belgium to
France, Britain declared war on German

19. The Sides
Triple Entente-Allied Powers Triple Alliance—Central Powers
--Germany
--Great Britain --Austria-Hungary
--France --Italy
--Russia
(United States)

20. Relations
• Queen Victoria had just died. Her son King
George V was king.
• The Kaiser of Germany was her grandson
• The Czar of Russia was her grandson

21. American Neutrality
• When the fighting began, President Wilson
declared the US to be neutral. However, that
was difficult to do.
• Why????

22. • We were a country of immigrants—different
opinions.
• There were over 8 million Germans living here
and over 4.5 million Irish.
• Most Americans did side with the Allied
Powers.
• Propaganda played a very important role.
Both sides used propaganda to influence the
US to enter on either side.

27. Although most supported the
Allies and hoped for their victory, a
series of events gradually eroded
American neutrality and drew the
nation in to the war firmly on the
side of the Allies.

28. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• Shortly after the war began, the British
deployed their navy to blockade Germany and
keep it from obtaining supplies, as well as
plant mines in the North Sea.

29. • Germany countered that action
by deploying its newest vehicle in
their navy—the U Boats-short for
Unterseeboot—meaning
“underwater boat”. They
announced that they would
attempt to sink without warning
any ship they found in the water
around Britain.

30. Lusitania
• On May 7, 1915, despite warnings from
Germany, the British passenger liner Lusitania
entered the war zone. A submerged German
submarine fired on the ship, killing nearly
1,200 passengers including 128 Americans.
Americans were outraged.

31. Lusitania
• http://youtu.be/YRCGyxrGKn0

32. • President Wilson remained neutral. He sent a
diplomatic team to Germany to negotiate
terms of unrestricted submarine warfare. The
next year Wilson’s policy was tested when
another u boat torpedoed the French
passenger ship the Sussex. Americans were
injured on board. He sent another team of
diplomats to Germany and stated that if
Germany does not stop sinking passenger
ships, the US would enter the war. Germany
agreed to stop.

33. Four years come and four years go
—another election.
“He kept us out of war”
Wilson is re-elected

34. Zimmerman Letter
• British intelligence intercepted a telegram from a
German official to the German ambassador in
Mexico. In it Zimmerman urges Mexico to declare
war on the US and Germany will help it regain
lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.
Americans were furious with Germany. Then in
1917, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine
warfare, sinking 6 American merchant ships
without warning.
• In 1917 Wilson asks Congress to declare war.