drought, rice

1. Breeding for Improving Drought
Tolerance in Rice Mega Varieties:
Progress at IRRI
Integrated plant breeding Platform annual meeting
June 1-3, 2011,
Wageningen
Netherlands
B.P. Mallikarjuna Swamy

2. “I challenge the next generation to use
new scientific tools and techniques to
address the problems that plague the
world’s poor.”
Dr. Norman Borlaug
hastens the process of
development of
Commercial Products

3. Drought at reproductive stage is more devastating,
causes severe reduction in the yield
7000
Donor Yield Yield
6000
Yield of cultivar (kg ha-1)
Stress Non-
stress 5000
kg ha-1 4000
MTU1001 312 5825 3000
Madhuri line 9 312 4957 2000
Nidhi 356 4963 1000
IR64 278 4685 0
Mahamaya 318 4344 Severe Moderate Control
Swarna 312 5822
stress level
Mahamaya
Sambha Mahsuri

4. Major goal
Development of drought tolerant rice varieties with an
yield advantage of 1.0 to 1.2 tha over the control
• High yield under normal situation
• Tolerant to blast, brown spot, bacterial leaf blight
• Good grain quality/quality maintenance under
drought
• High framers’ preference

5. Drought Research at IRRI: Strategy
Conventional approaches
• Use improved pre-breeding lines as
donors
• Direct selection for grain yield
• Combine high yield potential with good
yield under drought
• Confirm performance in multi location
testing in target environment-Drought
breeding network
Molecular approaches
• Use traditional/wild donors in mapping populations
• Identify major drought yield QTLs
• Introgress QTLs in improved drought susceptible varieties by MAB
• Physiological and molecular mechanism of QTLs drought tolerance

6. Some initial success
• During 2009-11, 6 varieties: Sahbhagi
dhan-IR74371-70-1-1 in India,
Tarharra 1 -IR 80411-B-49-1, Sukha
dhan 1- IR74371-46-1-1, Sukha dhan
2- IR74371-54-1-1, Sukha dhan 3-
IR74371-70-1-1 in Nepal and Sahod
Ulan 1 - IR74371-54-1-1 in Philippines
released.
• Release of IR74371-70-1-1 in
Bangladesh under process.
• These provide 0.8-1.2 t ha -1 yield
advantage under moderate to severe Sahbhagi dhan in India
drought while maintaining high yield
under normal rainfall situation.
Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines

7. Promising lowland drought tolerant lines at IRRI
DESIGNATION PARENTAGE GYNS GYS % IMP
IR 84859-B-94-2-3 IR 70181-3-PMI 1--/IR 72667-16-1-B-B-3 6308 2233 93
IR 83894-B-B-46-4 IR 70213-10-CPA 4-2-2-2/IRRI 122 6175 2213 92
IR 84878-B-60-4-1 IR 71700-247-1-1/IRRI 123 6137 2419 109
IR 84850-B-27-1-1 IR 70181-32-PMI 1-/IR 71700-247-1-1 6091 2364 105
IR 84850-B-27-1-2 IR 70181-32-PMI 1-/IR 71700-247-1-1 6075 2299 99
IR 83383-B-B-129-4 IR 72022-46-2-/IR 57514-PMI 5 5761 2167 88
IR 83383-B-B-141-1 IR 72022-46-2-/IR 57514-PMI 5 5689 2417 109
SWARNA VASISTHA/MAHSURI 6179 672 -42
SAMBHA MAHSURI SAMBHA MAHSURI 5581 272 -76
PSBRc 80 IR 50401-77-2-1-3/IR 42068-22-3-3-1-3 4669 1155
SED 540 298

8. Promising upland drought tolerant lines at IRRI
DESIGNATION DTF GYI GYD >Apo%
IR 81063-B-94-U 3-2 70 4273 3324 124
IR 74371-46-1-1 71 4586 3050 106
IR 79913-B-20-B-2 71 3807 2895 95
IR 79913-B-33-B-4 74 3721 2881 95
IR 79971-B-93-B-3 61 3712 2839 92
IR 81063-B-94-U 3-1 76 4579 2627 77
IR 81044-B-112-U 4-2 73 3604 2464 66
IR 78875-131-B-1-1 76 3537 2451 65
IR 81429-B-31 67 4061 2325 57
IR 78875-190-B-1-3 76 4323 2247 52
IR 81039-B-173-U 3-3 76 3911 2234 51
APO 87 3888 1481 0
SED 2 354 423

9. DT lines in Africa- Mozambique- On-farm
PVS
Nicoadal
Variety Mucelo 1 Mucelo 2 a Licuar Ceramica Mean
IR77080-B-34-3 1583 4072 2876 2502 2379 2682
IR80411-B-49-1 1951 3533 2826 748 2439 2299
IR80416-B-32-3 1460 3579 3778 2447 2131 2679
IR81187-B-B-110-1 1520 3748 3729 2075 2570 2728
IR81192-B-B-124-1 1199 3060 3338 2096 2434 2425
IR81313-154-1-2-1-3 1829 2948 2026 1496 1904 2041
IR81314-52-3-3-2-3 2253 3351 3102 722 2110 2308
IR81496-17-2-2-3 2255 3575 3605 2693 2481 2922
IR82004-13-3-2 1626 3246 2226 1402 2230 2146
IR82024-40-1-3-B 1066 2692 3461 1357 1773 2070
IR82077-B-B-71-3 1476 3136 2657 1754 1843 2173
IR82288--B-B-95-4 1591 3302 3618 1697 1762 2394
IR82292-B-B-107-3 1663 3341 4114 2011 2833 2793
IR82574-543-3-1 1494 4225 3035 2170 2505 2686
IR82578-640-3-3 2893 3167 2927 1052 2638 2535
IR84129-18-B 1417 3381 2871 2524 2019 2442
ITA312 1733 2866 2906 1035 2091 2126
Nene 815 1598 4121 786 S. Surapong, 1617
767 2010

10. On-farm performance, acceptance
Genotypes Yield Duration Height Mean Preference
(t ha-1) (days) (cm) Score Rank
BR7358-40-2-3-2 2.24 98 88 -0.124 2nd (-)
IR83614-427-B 3.93 101 87 -0.046 3rd (-)
NERICA 4 1.97 107 102 -0.138 1st (-)
BR7873-5*(Nils) 3.47 122 110 0.011
IR83376-B-B-130-2 4.06 113 113 0.016
IR83381-B-B-6-2 4.37 113 111 0.047
IR83381-B-B-6-1 4.49 114 108 0.065 3rd (+)
IRRI 123 4.92 122 106 0.074 2nd (+)
IR83388-B-B-8-3 4.11 118 103 -0.042
IR83376-B-B-150-1 3.88 117 108 -0.037
IR83377-B-B-93-3 4.97 119 108 0.118 1st (+)
BR7465-1-2-4 4.27 129 93 -0.002
BRRI dhan49 (ck) 4.62 133 102 0.043
Guti Swarna (ck) 4.77 140 109 0.014
BRRI dhan 33 (ck) 3.97 111 106 0.005
Biswajit, BRRI, Rajshahi, Bangladesh and Stephan, IRRI 2010, STRASA

11. Major drought yield QTLs in background of
improved popular varieties
Genetic Additive
Background QTLs Ecosystem effect % mean
Vandna DTY12.1 Upland 47
IR64 DTY1.1 Lowland 32
IR64 DTY9.1 Lowland 27
IR64 DTY10.1 Lowland 22
IR64 DTY2.1 Lowland 13
IR64 DTY4.1 Lowland 14
Swarna DTY1.1 Lowland 25
Swarna DTY2.1 Lowland 19
Swarna DTY3.1 Lowland 25
Swarna DTY8.1 Lowland 16
MTU1010 DTY1.1 Lowland 17

12. Improved IR64 introgression lines
Line GS
QTLs GY Drought GY Control (%)
DS09 DS10 DS09 WS10
IR 87729-69-B-B-B DTY9.1, DTY2.1, DTY10.1,
DTY4.1 2006 2011 6936 4627 94.4
IR 87728-102-B-B DTY9.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 2440 1160 6059 5462 92.9
IR 87707-186-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 3200 2068 6289 6737 96.9
IR 87707-446-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3624 2556 6005 6076 97.0
IR 87707-445-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3639 2555 8006 5565 96.9
IR 87707-118-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3264 2273 6096 4617 95.8
IR 87705-21-13-B DTY2.1 2223 4785 6231 95.8
IR 87705-6-8-B DTY4.1 2152 5399 5576 95.5
IR 87728-395-B-B DTY9.1 1122 5500 5457 93.4
IR 87705-36-3-B DTY10.1 2062 5052 7211 95.3
IR64 567 636 4151 5811
M. Swamy, IRRI, 2011

13. Quality traits of IR64 introgression
lines
LINES QTLs DTF PH AC GT MP CS
IR 87729-69-B-B-B DTY9.1, DTY2.1, DTY10.1,
DTY4.1 86 98 20.7 I 1 1
IR 87728-102-B-B DTY9.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 86 101 20.1 I 1 1
IR 87707-186-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 82 107 21.6 I 2 1
IR 87707-446-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 81 106 22.2 I 1 1
IR 87707-445-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 83 111 22.3 I 1 1
IR 87707-118-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 83 108 20.7 I 1 1
IR 87705-21-13-B DTY2.1 82 86 21 I 2 1
IR 87705-6-8-B DTY4.1 80 85 21 I/L 2 1
IR 87728-395-B-B DTY9.1 86 100 20.2 I 1 2
IR 87705-36-3-B DTY10.1 87 84 20.3 I 1 1
IR64 82 105 21.8 I/L 1 1
M. Swamy, IRRI

14. IR 64 introgression lines with DTY QTLs
+ QTL - QTL
IR64 IR64+DTY QTLs
Parents- 2007 Introgressions under drought- 2010
DTY IR 64
introgressed line
Similar to IR64 grain quality traits of Product - 2011
introgressed lines

15. Line with
DTY QTLs IR64

16. DTY3.1, DTY2.1 in Swarna, Swarna sub1
Swarna lLs
(DTY +Sub1)
Swarna
M. Swamy, IRRI

17. DTY1.1, DTY3.1, DTY2.1 in Swarna, Swarna sub1
BC4F1 Swarna lines (three QTLs +Sub1)
*2 in 1 rice for drought and submergence prone areas

18. Development of improved Vandana with DTY12.1
Grain yield (Kgha-1)
%
Lines Generation DTF PHT
USS UMS UNS BG
A
IR 84984-83-15-110-B BC2F2:4 299 1514 4855 54 124 92.4
IR 84984-83-15-481-B BC2F2:4 175 1300 4196 55 120 94.1
IR 84984-83-15-862-B BC2F2:4 238 1114 4018 58 121 94.1
Vandana 72 825 3556 54 120
Way Rarem 11 212 1610 81 122
B IR 90019:17-156-B BC3F2:3 522 1487 4712 61 106 98.3
IR 90019:17-159-B BC3F2:3 461 1930 5236 62 103 97.5
IR 90019:17-15-B BC3F2:3 565 2341 4534 65 107 98.3
IR 90020:22-265-B BC3F2:3 446 2090 4233 60 115 96.6
IR 90020:22-283-B BC3F2:3 415 1224 5950 58 100 94.9
Vandana 179 1049 4061 56 104
Way Rarem 0.1 500 2878 81 103
Dixit, Shalabh, IRRI

19. Differences in grain type of donor parent (Way Rarem), Recipient parent (Vandana), NIL (IR90019:17-
156-B) and pre NIL (IR90019:17-15-B)

20. Future needs
•
• High throughput, automated and cheaper genotyping
services
• Enough information and support to apply new
breeding
methodologies
• Large scale drought screening facilities in wet
season
• Enough support to disseminate the newly released
varieties

22. Thanks