Introduction To ComputerS Computers of Dark age

1. INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Lecture #1

2. History & Development Of The Computers

3. What is the computer
 The word computer is combination of two
words that is Compute=calculation + ter
(Latin)= Machine
 A computer is an electronic device used to
process data, converting the data into
information that is useful to people

4. What is the computer
 Computer (to Compute) normally
considered being calculating device
 A computer is an electronic device used to
process data.
 A computer is a machine that manipulates
data according to a list of instructions.

5. History of Computers Cont..
 Abacus invented in Babylonia in 3000 years ago.
 Napier’s bones by John Napier in 1617.
 Slide Rule: by William Oughtred in 1622
 Pascaline by Blaise Pascal in 1642
 Leibnitz Calculator by Gottfried Wilhem Von Liebnitz in 1694.
 Joseph Maria Jacquard’ loom in 1790.
 Difference engine by Charles Babbage in 1822
 Analytical engine by Charles Babbage (1842)
 Tabulating Machine by Herman Hollerith (1890)

6. Abacus
 invented in Babylonia in 3000 years ago.
 It is a rectangular wooden frame.
 It has several parallel wires/rods having
beads on them.
 These beads are free to slide along the
length of the wires while counting.
 It is still used in china, Japan and russia.

7. Abacus

8. Napier’s bones
 Invented by John Napier in 1617.
 The rods/bones help to multiply
numbers.
 This device was fast and producing
accurate results.
 Numbers were calculated by putting
bones side by side.

9. Napier’s bones

10. Slide Rule:
 Invented by by William Oughtred in 1622.
 It has A slide rule, two scales and a
transparent moving cursor.
 The cursor is capable of moving on
slides smoothly.

11. Slide Rule: by William Oughtred in 1622

12. Pascaline.
 Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642
 So called Numerical Wheel Calculator.
 It consists of 8 Moveable Dials, having
numbers from 0-9
 It could add numbers upto 8 numbers long.
 At completing 10 notches it moves second
dial and so on.
 It can only add and subtract.

13. Pascaline

14. Leibnitz Calculator
 Invented by Gottfried Wilhem Von Liebnitz in
1694
 Improved version of pascaline that worked by
a system of gears and dials.
 Can Add, Subtract, multiply and divide.

15. Leibnitz Calculator

16. Joseph Maria Jacquard’ loom
 Loom was built by Joseph Maria jacquard
in 1790.
 It used vertical rods to pull up threds.
 Punched cards were used to that allowed
some of the rods to pass through the holes
blocking the remaining rods.

17. Joseph Maria Jacquard’ loom
 This invention emphasis on three concepts
 Coding of information by punching holes
on the cards.(storage concepts)
 Linking of the cards in a series to provide
instructions in sequence (programming
concept)
 Job would be performed automatically as
the program run (program execution)

18. Joseph Maria Jacquard’ loom

19. Difference engine
 J. H. Müller, an engineer, proposed the idea of a
difference engine but Johnson was unable to
obtain funding to progress with the idea.
 in 1822, Charles Babbage proposed the same
Idea, Difference Engine.
 He is Known as father of computing.
 A difference engine is an automatic mechanical
calculator

20. Difference engine....
 It was large and powered by steam.
 It could perform calculations, store
programs and print result automatically.
 Its goal was to output data as printed
tables.

21. Difference engine

22. Analytical engine
 In1842, Charles Babbage designed a general
purpose computer.
 The Analytical Engine had Five units;
 Input unit, output unit, Storage, Mill and control.
 It used steam for power.
 For input it used punched card to inter and
encode machines instructions.
 He used 21 drawings for the construction of his
analytical engine.

23. Analytical engine

24. Tabulating Machine
 in 1890 Dr. Herman Hollerith designed a
Tabulating Machine for US Census.
 His tabulating machine could read and
stored out data from punched cards.


25. Tabulating Machine

26. Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC), or MarkI
 IBM Mark-I(ASCC), The first general
purpose electro-mechanical computer (using
relays) designed by professor Howard Aiken
of Harvard University in 1944 was based on
punched cards.
 It used 765,000 components and hundreds of
miles of wires.
 It was 15.55 meters long and weighed 5 tons.
 It used 3300 electromagnetic relays.

27. Simple electromechanical relay

28. MarkI