Cooperative infraestructure for sustaining non-profit Open Access

1. Cooperative infrastructure for sustaining
non-profit Open Access
Arianna Becerril García
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Redalyc-AmeliCA

2. Journals at the beginning of the digital age
Revista Ciencia Ergo Sum,
Mexico.
(1997) Comunicar, Spain.
(2007) Psicothema, Spain. (2002)

3. Journals 20 years later
Araucaria (2018) Comunicar (2018) Psicothema (2018)

4. Table of Content
Reis, Spain. (2018)
Reis, Spain. (2007)

5. Readability in scholarly journals
Cinta de Moebio, Chile Cinta de Moebio, Chile
20181997

6. Readability in scholarly journals
Comunicar Vol. I, nº 1, 2º semestre Comunicar Vol. XXVI, nº 54, 1º trimestre
20181993

7. 346 years later ...
Find the differences

8. PDF, de-facto standard for scholarly journals
0
10
20
30
40
50
HTML EPUB XML
DOAJ
13,500
EUROPA
0
10
20
30
40
50
HTML EPUB XML
0
10
20
30
40
50
HTML EPUB XML
0
10
20
30
40
50
HTML EPUB XML
NORTE AMÉRICA P. IBÉRICA LATINOAMÉRICA
97
94 99 99
PDF PDF PDF PDF
REVISTAS
99%
PDF

9. PDF, de-facto standard for scholarly journals
0
10
20
30
40
50
HTML EPUB XML
0
10
20
30
40
50
HTML EPUB XML
-6.4
3
12.4
21.8
31.2
40.6
50
HTML EPUB XML
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
UNIVERSIDAD
DE SAO PAULO
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE89 100 95
PDF PDF PDF
96%
PDF
UNAM * USP * UdeCH
REVISTAS
407

10. Is this the best we can do to achieve visibility,
discoverability,
inclusion,
knowledge democratization?

11. Nonprofit platforms:
visibility, edition, quality
assurance, metrics
Nonprofit institutional
journal publishing
Mainly public institutions
Key factors:
Cooperation
Networking
Crowdsourcing
Open source software
In-house software
Free software
Nonprofit, mainly publicly – funded scientific communication system
2,849 journal installations
Scholarly-led scientific communication system
composed of hundreds of publisher institutions
Open Access Ecosystem in Latin America

13. • Comunicar (2007)

14. • Comunicar (2012)

15. • Comunicar (2018)

16. At what stage of the web is scholarly publishing running?

17. 2005
Sciences
2003
Quality assessment
Social Sciences and Humanities
2006
OAI-PMH
Data normalization
2009
Processes automation
Web 2.0
2012
OAI-PMH journals
Journal RSS
Atlas Chile
Atlas Austral de Chile
Atlas de Iberoamérica
Atlas de Interciencia
Atlas de Psicología
Atlas deVenezuela
Gaia
2004
In-house software
development
2013
Websites for:
- Institutions
- Countries
- Areas
- Journals
OAI-PMH for institutions
OAI-PMH for countries
Mobile apps
Interoperability
with Institutional
repositories
2015
- Interoperability
LaReferencia,
REMERI
- Portal CLACSO-
Social Sciences
2008
Bibliometrics
Software on
editorial
processes
2011
SIIR
Atlas de la Ciencia

18. Redalyc architecture

19. Journal
evaluation
Redalyc
internal
ratification
International
Advisory Board
ratification
 12 mandatory requierements
 Peer review
 75% original content
 14 researchers
 Different areas
 11 countries
rejected journals
88%

20. Marcalyc – XML JATS markup system –
• It is free to use
• Prevents editors from outsourcing XML
Markup
• Designed for non-technical users
• Minimizes XML markup time
• Automatic front and tables tagging.
• Automatic reference tagging.
MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN

21. Marcalyc – XML JATS markup system –
• Hierarchical visual representation
through panels: which avoids knowing
the technical standard in depth.
• Automatic appearance of possible tags.
• Automatic reference inference ABNT,
APA, AMA, ASA, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE
and more.
• Visual management of images, tables
and links.

23. Mathematical
expressions
tagging with
MathML
XML tagging of
tables and dataReplicability
necessary condition in science
XML tagging of
annexes and
supplementary
materialOpen Data

24. Before: without XML
Self-classification of
information
Improved reading
experience
Illustration of items
Intelligent information
retrieval
After: with XML

25. • Interactive
article reader
• Mobile article
reader
• ePUB
• PDF
• HTML
• XML JATS 4R

26. Dynamic cartography,
interactive graphics,
animation, audio, video,
high resolution images,
open data

30. ¿How much does Redalyc contribute to journals? (just in the
edition phase)
• Redaly/AmeliCA –with
Marcalyc- contributes
(subsidy) to the
generation of electronic
version for journals.
• Since Marcalyc was
launched 5000 issues
have been processed that
would cost in the market
USD$ 7.8 Million
• Redalyc holds 50K journal
volumes and counting.
Cost per journal issue (USD)
XML markup 300
PDF 300
ePUB 300
HTML 300
Article reader 360
Total per issue 1.560

31. Successful case: journals generate its XML
content with no-cost in Marcalyc, download the
PDF, HTML, intelligent multimedia article reader,
ePUB article versions and use them in their own
websites

32. APC
No APC
Successful case: APC to non-APC conversion
Journal of the Entomological Society of Argentina eliminated its APC
policy to apply for a user account in Marcalyc.

34. OAI-PMH

35. Productivity Co-authorship Usage

36. Author homepage
Institution homepage
Area homepage
Journal homepage
Country homepage

37. Elsevier’s article of the future
Many functionalities offered by commercial publishers in other parts of
the world are provided for free by Redalyc and now by AmeliCA
vs. Redalyc article
reader technology
However, the recognition of
research assessment -by
governments and institutions-
is for what is present in
Scopus (Elsevier) or WoS.
If this doesn’t change there is
no future for scholarly-led
research communication

38. Redalyc at a glance
54.000 Redalyc daily users
10 million article downloads per month
1,300Peer-reviewed OA journals
629,000 full-text articles
622publisher institutions from 22countries
1.5 million authors from
10.000 institutions

39. The Latin American OA ecosystem is being
fragmented
Two different OA approaches

40. • Research assessment based on IF
(JCR) or SJR (Scopus) as the most
important metrics.*
• Favours APC bussiness model
(inherited from the Global North
becoming attractive for Latin
American journals)
• Language criteria that disqualify
publishing in local languages
*Scielo’s agreement with Clarivate Analytics to
generate Scielo Citation Index
APC
Approach 1: Dependent on
Mainstream-metrics and
Commercial Open Access

41. • Scholarly-driven publications and repositories
This approach seeks to strengthen publishers inside
universities by empowering editors with technology and
training in favor of the sustainability of OA
• Non-commercial OA
-More than 500 journal publisher institutions adopting
tools provided by Redalyc to keep the non-commercial
nature of their processes and to avoid APCs.
• Research Assessment
- Efforts towards finding a better way to assess scientific
research (Redalyc metrics, UdeA metrics)
- More than 600 journals signed DORA (Redalyc’s
additional mandatory requirement)
• Intellectual Property
- Publishers allow authors to hold the copyright without
restrictions
Approach 2: Scholarly-driven
Scientific Communication and
Non-commercial OA

42. So, we had to act in response...

43. A decision made to take advantage of the regional ecosystem,
technology, knowledge and experience of multiple organizations
so that the scholarly communication remains in control of the
academy and that avoids losing subsidies by choosing a shift
to address Open Access with commercial mechanisms such as
the APC.

44. Redalyc’s technology now is
extended to a broader cooperative
initiative

45. An infrastructure to strengthen
editorial teams within academic
institutions through providing
technology and knowledge to
ensure low costs in journal
publishing which contributes in
the sustainability of Open access
and prevents the inclusion of
author charges.

48. A non-profit publishing model to preserve the scholarly and open
nature of scientific communication
Journals participating in this model have the following:
Scientific and editorial quality
Digital publishing technology (XML JATS)
Open Access policy free of
publishing or processing costs
(APC)
A vision to overcome the current
assessment of science based on
the Impact Factor, signing the
Declaration on Research
Assessment (DORA)

49. Technology and Artificial Intelligence for a
participatory and inclusive science ecosystem.
XML
Open data
Linked data
Knowledge Discovery
Ubiquity
Semantic web
The potential of this model to create a global participatory arena

50. What part of current technology do academic publications take
advantage of?
• Open data
• Open access
• Linked data
• Knowledge base
• Discovery
• Ubiquity
• Semantic web
• Data compression algorithms to incorporate high resolution content.

51. What if every source
of information could
be a provider of a
linked data?

52. And contents
including scholarly
full-texts could be
granulated into
pieces

53. Every single piece of information
could be part of a giant graph

54. Where each piece
of information is a node
and relations among
nodes are identified

55. to compose a structure
that expresses the
inherent knowledge
and to be linked to a
wider and unrestricted
knowledge cloud

56. An upper layer of linked knowledge could be built
Aligned to the Web Foundation call on policymaker to reverse and leverage the
power of technology to fight inequality:
Accelerate progress towards universal access
Level the playing field

57. It is possible to achieve a cooperative
values-based infrastructure that
benefits scientific communication
worldwide.
Academy has the power to take
back control (or keep it) of the whole
knowledge generation life-cicle.
Publishing in control of academia can
create a counterweight to the
exclusionary system that prevails today.

58. We have the great opportunity to seek as humanity a more
equitable participation of all in the scientific discourse
that comprehends local agendas, diversity and that
contributes in the reduction of gaps.
I imagine a web of data for science,
a knowledge cloud -sustainable and open- that
promotes a participatory and inclusive science
communication
58
Organic means for visibility, internationalization and
discoverability of science could be enabled by
technology and by evolving in our systems of
valoration.

59. Arianna Becerril- García
arianna.becerril@gmail.com
http://www.redalyc.org/autor.oa?id=25
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-8295
@ariannabec
Thank
you!