Communication can be categorized into three basic types: (1) verbal communication, in which you listen to a person to understand their meaning; (2) written communication, in which you read their meaning; and (3) nonverbal communication, in which you observe a person and infer meaning.

1. Communication Skill
Importance of Communication
skills for teachers -
Communication in the classroom -
Teaching as Communication
M.Vijayalakshmi
Assistant Professor

2. Unit – 1 :
Principles of Communication

3. Unit – 1 :
Principles of Communication
1.1 Communication - Definition and concept - Theories
of communication - communication cycle.
1.2 Barriers to communication - causes of barriers to
communication and ways of overcoming them.
1.3 A four-fold analysis of Communication skills - Skill of
Listening, Speaking, Reading and writing.
1.4 Values of Communication skills in the modern
context - Visual and Multimedia Communication.
1.5 Importance of Communication skills for teachers -
Communication in the classroom - Teaching as
communication.

4. Unit – 1 :
Principles of Communication
1.5 Importance of Communication
skills for teachers -
Communication in the classroom
- Teaching as Communication.

5. Importance of
Communication skills for teachers
• To determine their personal communication
style
• To work effectively with various
communication styles
• To meet situational demands with negotiation
skills
• Identify barriers to communication and
strategies to overcome them

6. • To listen effectively to ensure that they have
received messages as intended
• To demonstrate active listening through
communication
• To develop strategies for building trust
• To emphasize the importance of caring and
empathy within the class and the school
• To examine their own group thinking and
improve their group behaviour at work
• Equip with fundamental communication
techniques

7. Communication
in the classroom

8. Objectives
Understand what Communication is and
how it works
Describe reasons that communication
fails
List and discuss strategies to enhance
communication

9. The Goals of Communications:
To change behavior
To get action
To ensure understandingTo persuade
To get and give
Information

10. What are the most common ways
we communicate?
Written Word

12. Forms of Communication
Oral
Spoken Heard
Symbolic
Signs Gestures Pantomime
Graphic
Written Art

13. Communication in Education
Teaching
Content
Methods Instruction
Communication
Media &
Communication or
Instruction
No
Projected
Media
Software
Approach
Projected
Media
Hardware
Approach

14. Communication Cycle
Content Words Listener

15. Content
Listener
Words Effect
Effect Attitude
Changed
Knowledge or
Information
Acquired
Behaviour
The Effects of Spoken Communication

16. Communication
Cycle
Sender
Or
Source
Message
Or
Signal
Medium
Or
Channel of
Communication
Receiver
Or
Decoder

18. Classroom Communication
Sender
(Teacher)
Receiver
(Learner)
Formulates
Encodes
Transmits Message
(Content)
Medium
(Signs,
Symbols,
etc)
Message
via
Transmits
Decodes
Interprets
Medium
via

19. Types of Communication
•Verbal and non –verbal
communication
•Natural and Mechanical
communication

20. Verbal Communication
Oral Communication
Written Communication

21. Non –Verbal Communication
(Kinesics)
• Facial Expression
• Language of the Eye
• Body Language
• Sound Symbols
• Symbolic Code Language

22. Personal Appearance
Posture
Gestures
Facial Expression
Eye Contact
Space Distancing

25. Facial expressions
Your face can show many feelings

26. Eye contact
• Maintaining appropriate eye contact when
speaking with others helps communication

27. Gestures
• Also convey meanings
• Be mindful of cultural
differences
Waving Making a fist Thumbs up
Pointing Nodding Yawning

28. Body language (kinesics)
• A great deal of your (true) message
can be communicated by your body
use and posture
• To work effectively with others you
need to read body language and
ensure you are not conveying the
wrong signals

30. Communication barriers
• Inattention
• Poor expression
• Premature
evaluation
• Emotions
• Inconsistency
• Physical barriers
• Insufficient warning
• Individual
differences
• Lack of feedback
• Inference
• Insecurity

31. What causes distortion or the
barriers to Communications?
• Perceptions
• Language
• Semantics
• Personal
Interests
• Emotions
• Environment – noise
• Preconceived
notions/expectations
• Wordiness
• Attention span
• Physical hearing problem
• Speed of thought

32. Barriers to Verbal Communication
• Inaudibility of speech
• Abnormal speed of speech
• Unfamiliar pronunciation of the teacher
• Use of unfamiliar words and technical terms
without explanation
• Lack of understanding of the basic knowledge
of the students – known as referent
confusion

33. • Day dreams on the part of the students on
account of their inattentiveness
• Unsystematic presentation of the subject-
matter
• Lack of scope of immediate feedback
• Lack of physical facilities in the classroom
• Socio-economic and cultural differences
among the students

34. Types of communication in terms of
communication situation or environment
• One to one communication
• Small group communication
• Large group or public
communication
• Organizational or institutional
communication
• Mass communication

35. Modes of Communication
• Speaking-Listening (Oral Communication)
• Visualizing-Observing (Visual
Communication)
• Speaking-Visualizing (Oral-visual
Communiation)
• Writing-Reading

39. Oral Communication?
• Communication through mouth.
• Includes individuals:
Conversing with each other
Telephonic conversation.

40. Forms of Oral Communication
Speeches
Presentations
Discussions
Gossip
Public Speaking
Debates

41. Advantages of Oral Communication
• High level of understanding and
transparency as it is interpersonal
• No element of rigidity in oral
communication. There is flexibility for
allowing changes in the decisions
previously taken.

42. Advantages of Oral Communication
• The feedback is spontaneous.
• Thus, decisions can be made quickly without
any delay.
• Not only time saving, but it also saves upon
money and efforts.
• Best in case of problem resolution. The
conflicts, disputes and many
issues/differences can be put to an end by
talking them over.

43. Advantages of Oral Communication
• Essential for teamwork and group
energy.
• Promotes a receptive and encouraging
morale among organizational
employees.
• Oral Communication can be best used to
transfer private and confidential
information/matter.

44. Disadvantages of Oral Communication
• Relying only on oral communication
may not be sufficient as business
communication is formal and very
organized.
• Less authentic than written
communication as they are informal and
not as organized as written
communication.

45. Disadvantages of Oral Communication
• Oral communication is time-saving as
far as daily interactions are concerned,
but in case of meetings, long speeches
consume lot of time and are
unproductive at times.
• Oral communications are not easy to
maintain and thus they are unsteady.

46. Disadvantages of Oral Communication
• There may be misunderstandings as the
information is not complete and may lack
essentials.
• Requires attentiveness and great
receptivity on part of the
receivers/audience.
• Oral communication (such as speeches) is
not frequently used as legal records
except in investigation work.

47. Oral Communiation (Speaking and
listening channels)
i. Prose Communication
ii. Heuristic Communication
Written Communication (Writing and
reading channels)
i. Algorithms Device of Communication
ii. Decision Table Device of
Communication

48. Oral communication
Content
Method
Aid
Students
Listening
Speaking
Teacher
Speaking
Listening
Teacher and Student Interaction
(Audio Linguistic Method)

49. Oral communication
1. Continuous Prose
 The structure of the prose - simple and
easy
 Complied concepts and facts –
presented in small and simple
sentences
 Students - Active voice only. No
compound sentences
 No negative sentences

50. Heuristics
Polio and Dunker
• Several expected outcome
• Several expected interaction
• Structure of content - not define
• Involves risk

51. Algorithms
Watson and Jones
• Develop chain learning
• Develop reasoning abilities
• Diagnose and rendition is provided
• Realize effectively teaching
objectives

52. Decision Table
Grad (1961)
• Possible only to commit minimum errors
• Defined by assistance – cause-effect
relationship is explained
• Used in CAI and teaching process. Improved
and changed
• Sources of errors - considered

53. Barriers in Classroom Communication
• Out of school interference in the form of
commercial and entertainment media
• Excessive verbalism
• Referent confusion
• Day dreaming
• Limited perception
• Physical discomfort

54. Achieving Effectiveness in
Classroom Communication
• Two-way communication
• Effective Feedback for Efficient Teaching
• Communication and Principle of Clarity
• Development of Motivation
• Use of Technology/Instructional
• Teaching Strategies and Skills

55. Two-way communication
• Feedback
• Clarity
• Motivation
• Use of audio-visual aids
• Teaching Skills

57. CONE OF EXPERIENCXES
ABSTRACT WORDS
CHALKBOARD
DISPLAY BOARDS
RADIO, AUDIO CASSETTES
PICTURES, MAPS, PHOTOGRAPHS
SLIDES, FILMSTRIPS
FILMS
TV, CCTV, VCR
DEMONSTRSTION
CASE STUDIES
FIELD VISITS, OBSERVATIONS, EXCURSION
REAL OBJECTS,SPECIMENS
ABSTRACT EXPERIENCE
INDIRECT VICARIOUS
EXPERIENCE
DIRECT
PURPOSEFUL
EXPERIENCE

58. CONE OF EXPERIENCES

59. Teaching as a
Process of Communication
• Who – teacher, text-book, writer, T.V.,
presenter, radio broadcast etc.
• Says What – content of the lessons and text-
books etc
• By What means – face-to-face speech,
pictures, films, slides, radio, T.V. etc
• To Whom – learners
• With What effect – reaction and feedback

60. Process of Communication
Communication
Media
Receiver
Communication
Media
Sources of
Communication

61. Process of Communication
• The source of communication or sender of
the message
• Contents of communication or message
• Media or channel of communication
• The Receiver of the communication
• Response material or Feed back
• Facilitators or Barriers of communication
- Internal barriers of Communication
- External barriers of Communication

62. Internal barriers of Communication
• Poor physical health or illness
• Poor previous knowledge and general
knowledge
• Poor mental health and improper
psychological make up
• Handicapped in understanding the symbolic
expression, verbalism and graphical
representation etc

63. External barriers of Communication
• Noise and other similar distracters
• Polluted environment
• Invisibility
• Environmental and physical discomfort
• Improper functioning of the communication
channels
• The non-cooperation or rivalries and
competitions among the participants
• Lack of proper motivation , incentives, zeal
and enthusiasm – sender and receiver

64. Sources are taken from
•Slidesharenet.com
•Web sources