Artificial intelligence aims to make computers think intelligently like humans by borrowing characteristics from human intelligence. The document discusses the history of AI from its origins in the 1950s to modern applications. It also covers different types of AI like neural networks and robotics. Robotics is described as a branch of AI that designs intelligent machines to operate in the real world using sensors. The document concludes that while AI is still limited compared to fiction, it has many applications today and may lead to a future with robot-dominated societies.
2. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in
the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
Borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in
a computer friendly way.
Variety of perspectives:-
1. Business perspective
2. Programming perspective
3. Terminology
Autonomous Agent – A hardware (or software) based system that has the
following properties:
autonomy - able to operate without the direct intervention of humans or
others
social ability - able to interact with other agents and possibly humans
reactivity - able to perceive their environment and respond to
changes that occur in it
Agency – Software that gathers information about an environment and takes
actions
4. History of Artificial Intelligence
1956 - John McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence“.
1952-1962 – The IBM introduced game playing program
1958 –John McCarthy invented LISP.
1973 - The Assembly Robotics group at Edinburgh University builds Freddy, the
Famous Scottish Robot, capable of using vision to locate and assemble models.
1980’s - Lisp Machines developed and marketed.
2000’s - Interactive robot pets become commercially available, realizing the vision
of the 18th cen. novelty toy makers.
6. Why AI?
One of major divisions in AI (and you can see it in
the definitions on the previous slide) is
between.Those who think AI is the only serious way
of finding out how we work (since opening heads
does not yet
give much insight into this) and
Those who want computers to do very smart
things, independently of how we work.
7. Sub-fields of Artificial Intelligence
Neural Networks – e.g. brain modelling, time series prediction, classification
Vision – e.g. object recognition, image understanding
Robotics – e.g. intelligent control, autonomous exploration
Expert Systems – e.g. decision support systems, teaching systems
Speech Processing– e.g. speech recognition and production
Natural Language Processing – e.g. machine translation
Planning – e.g. scheduling, game playing
8. Expert systems
The expert systems are the computer applications developed to solve complex
problems in a
particular domain, at the level of extra-ordinary human intelligence and expertise.
10. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Robotics:
Robots are the artificial agents acting in real world environment. Robotics is a branch
of AI, which is composed of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and
Computer Science for designing, construction, and application of robots.
11. Why build a human-like robot?
Our bodies are critical to the representations
that we use for internal thought and language
If a robot is looks like a human then it will be
natural for humans to interact with it in a
human-like way
To develop similar task constraints
12. Difference between Artificial
Intelligence and Robotics
AI Programs Robots
They usually operate in computer
stimulated worlds.
They operate in real physical world
The input to an AI program is in
symbols and rules.
Inputs to robots is analog signal in
the form of speech waveform or
images
They need general purpose
computers to operate on.
They need special hardware with
sensors and effectors.
13. Languages used in Artificial Intelligence
1st language: Lisp and its variants were historically used in AI research,
but it doesn't seem like anyone uses it anymore.
Latest languages: As always, the answer depends on the research group
and subfield. C++,Java,MATLAB and Python are all used extensively. A large
portion of machine learning and modeling seems to be done in Matlab (for
research and proof of concept) and C++ (for speed, if the Matlab code ever
works well enough), though plenty is done in Python and a few important
libraries have been built in Java
14. Applications
Gaming
Natural Language Processing
It is possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken
By humans.
Vision Systems
For example,
Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored
portrait made by forensic artist.
Disaster rescue
16. AI in Robotics applications
Romeo, a 55-inch-tall humanoid robot, was designed by France’s Aldebaran
Robotics to help individuals, such as the elderly, who have lost their physical
autonomy. Romeo’s size and physical capabilities allow him to open doors,
climb stairs, and reach objects on a table. His developers are hoping that
he’ll eventually be able to carry objects, including people.
Erica is the brainchild of Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics
Laboratoryat Osaka University in Japan. Ishiguro is famous for his super-
realistic humanoid robots (including his doppelganger, Geminoid HI-4), but
Erica, in addition to looking very human-like, is designed to interact naturally
with her human companions by integrating a number of skills, such as voice
recognition, human tracking, and natural motion generation.
19. Accuracy of AI
Accuracy of recogniting human face by Deep Face(Artificial Intelligence
program created by Facebook) is 97.25%. It is 0.27% lesser than human
accuracy.
20. AI car of Tesla
An Artificial Intelligence car by Tesla.
21. Conclusion
That always interest and surprise us with the new ideas, topics, innovations, products
…etc.
AI is still not implemented as the films representing it,
At the end, we’ve been in this research through the AI definitions, history, and
applications of AI in public, applications of AI and robotics.
Future, maybe it will be a whole society of robots.
