1. GREEN HOUSE
EFFECT
MADE BY:
ANURAG GARG
ROLL NO. 71
SOMYA GOEL
ROLL NO.35

4. · The Green house
effect: When energy from
the sun enters the Earth’s
atmosphere, about a third of
it is reflected back to
space. Of the rest, the
atmosphere absorbs some,
but most of it is absorbed by
the surfaces of the earth.
· Aerosols: these are
fine particles and droplets
that are small enough to
remain suspended in the
atmosphere for considerable
periods of time. They both
reflect and absorb incoming
solar radiation.

5. NATURAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE
GREEN HOUSEChanges in Solar
· EFFECT
Output: the amount of
energy radiating from the
earth’s sun is not
constant.
· Changes in the
Earth’s Orbit: Slow
variations in the Earth’s
orbit around the sun
change where and when
energy is received on
earth. This affects the
amount of energy that is
reflected and absorbed.

6. HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTINGEnhancing the EFFECT
GREEN HOUSE
Greenhouse Effect: naturally
occurring greenhouse gases, as
described above, keep the
Earth warm enough to support
life. These include the burning
of fossil fuels for producing
electrical energy, heating and
transportation.
· Land Use Change: As
humans replace forests with
agricultural lands, or natural
vegetation with asphalt or
concrete.

7. · Atmospheric
aerosols: Humans are adding
large quantities of fine
particles (aerosols) to the
atmosphere, both from
agriculture and industrial
activities. Although most of
these aerosols are soon
removed by gravity and
rainfall, they still affect the
radiation balance in the
atmosphere.

8. PREVENTION OF GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
1. Reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Walk, take public
transportation or ride your bike instead of driving. Carpool
with others whenever possible if you must travel by car. Buy
locally grown or produced foods; doing so decreases energy use
associated with transportation of these products.
2. Conserve electricity by switching off the TV, computer, radio
and lights whenever possible. Unplug electronics from the
socket when you are not using them. Use compact fluorescent
light (CFL) bulbs, which can reduce energy consumption by
approximately 60 percent, in place of incandescent light bulbs.
3. Plant trees; they contribute to the absorption of excess
carbon dioxide. Providing shade and windbreaks, trees also
contribute to creating even temperatures for buildings, thereby
reducing the energy requirement for heating or cooling.

9. 4. Avoid buying heavily packaged items, decreasing
the amount of garbage that you contribute. Research
conducted by the U.S. Climate Change Science
Program suggests that garbage breakdown in landfills
is the top source of human-induced methane
emissions.
5. Keep in mind that heating water requires energy.
Reduce your consumption of hot water by washing
clothes in cold or warm water. Wait until the
dishwasher is full to run it and activate the energy-
saving feature if available on your machine. Invest in a
low-flow showerhead, which has a lower water flow
rate than normal showerheads. Dry your clothes,
whenever possible, on a clothesline as opposed to
using a mechanical dryer.

10. 6. Reduce nitrous oxide emissions, the majority of which
result from agricultural practices. Choose slow-release,
low nitrous oxide-emitting fertilizers.
7. Conserve raw materials and energy by recycling or
reusing items. Examples include recycling aluminum
soda cans and donating or selling old clothing to second-
hand stores.
8. Support international global warming legislation.
Examples include the Montreal Protocol, which seeks to
eliminate the production of CFCs, and the Kyoto
Protocol, which aims to limit emissions of the other
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.
Even though the U.S. did not sign the treaty, much of
what was ratified in it will help combat the greenhouse

11. Causes of the Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse effect has been thought to be
one of the main reasons behind the
increase in global warming. But, is it really
the culprit, or is there some
misinformation on the issue. Let us try to
figure that out by knowing about the
causes of the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse Effect: Causes
1 Deforestation
2 Burning fossil fuel
3 Electrical appliances
4 population growth

12. 1 Deforestation
One of the man-made causes of the greenhouse effect
is deforestation. Deforestation increases the amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Also, due to the
disappearance of trees, photosynthesis cannot take
place. Deforestation is rampant today due to the
burden of our needs on land. The levels of
deforestation have increased by about 9% in recent
times. Also, the burning of wood causes it to decay,
therefore releasing more carbon-dioxide into the
atmosphere.

13. 2 Burning of Fossils
Greenhouse gases can also be released into the
atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels,
oil, coal and gas. These materials are used
increasingly and rampantly in industries. Most
factories also produce many gases which last
for a longer time in the atmosphere. These
gases contribute to the greenhouse effect and
also increase the global warming on the planet.
These gases are not naturally available in the
atmosphere. Therefore industries are also a
major cause of the greenhouse effect.

14. Population Growth
Population growth is an indirect contributor and
one of the major causes of the greenhouse effect.
With the increase in population, the needs and
wants of people increase. This increases the
manufacturing and the industry process. This
results in the increase of the release of industrial
gases which catalyze the greenhouse effect.

15. 3 Electrical Appliances
Other man-made causes of the increase in the
greenhouse effect is the emission of
greenhouse gases by electrical appliances.
Even the humble refrigerator in the house
emits gases which contribute to the
greenhouse effect. These gases are known as
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and are used in
refrigerators, aerosol cans, some foaming
agents in the packaging industry, fire
extinguisher chemicals, and cleaners used in
the electronic industry. Some processes of the
cement manufacturing industries also act as a
cause towards the greenhouse effect.

16. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs on
Earth. Simply put, it keeps the earth warm enough to sustain
life. The greenhouse effect is often thought to be a cause of
global warming, however it is important to understand it as
a separate phenomenon as well. The greenhouse effect is
mainly a result of the Sun's energy(sunlight) being absorbed
by certain gases present in the atmosphere after it is
reflected from the surface of the earth. When the Sun's
energy reaches the Earth, around 51% of it is absorbed by
the surface and the rest is absorbed or reflected back to
space. After reaching a certain temperature, the earth
releases infrared heat, which is then absorbed by particular
gases.

17. This energy is then released in all directions,
warming the earth's surface and atmosphere. This
helps to keep the Earth warm enough to support
life. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's
surface temperature would average around 33 °C
cooler than usual. The Earth would almost freeze!
The greenhouse effect is also seen in some other
planets of the solar system like Venus and Mars.
Absorption and Emission of Sunlight
Dispersion of Sunlight Percentage
Absorbed by the Earth's surface 51%
Scattered and reflected by clouds 20%
Absorbed by atmosphere and clouds 19%
Scattered by the atmosphere 6%
Reflected by water and land surface 4%

18. Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases play a major part in
absorbing and emitting the heat which is re-
radiated by the earth. These gases are more
capable of absorbing heat that is reflected
from the Earth's surface than other gases
present in the atmosphere. The main
greenhouse gases are ozone, nitrous oxide,
carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor.
These are present naturally in the Earth's
atmosphere. Along with these gases, clouds
also play a part in absorbing and reflecting
the heat. Water vapor and clouds contribute
most to the greenhouse effect.

19. Percentage of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere
Gas Percentage
Carbon dioxide .036%
Methane .00017%
Ozone .000004%
Nitrous Oxide .00003%
Water vapour 1 to 4%
Factors that Affect the Greenhouse Effect
The type of surface that sunlight encounters determines
the amount of heat that is reflected back. This is known
as 'albedo' and also has an impact on the greenhouse
effect. For example more heat will be reflected from
snow-covered areas than from deserts. Surfaces that are
light in colour .

20. Consequences of the Greenhouse
Effect
As more heat gets trapped in the Earth, the planet will
become extremely warm, which will in turn, lead to
weather changes throughout the world. Since the climatic
conditions in which we are living are perfect for our
survival, any high increase in temperature can cause drastic
changes which can be life-threatening for all living beings
on the Earth.
Weather: In some parts of the world, due to rise in the
winter and summer temperatures, the weather will become
very hot. It may rain more in winters, while summers will
become extremely hot. In other parts of the world, the
effects may be completely opposite, as some areas may get
very warm while other may become very cold.

21. Storms, floods, and droughts are some expected
consequences which may affect different areas of the
world.
Sea Levels: Increase in the temperature may cause
melting glaciers, which will increase the water in the seas
and oceans, rising the sea levels up to 20 to 40 cm all over
the world. People living near the lower coastal areas of the
world, like Netherlands and Bangladesh, will be at a higher
risk from flooding. As a result, millions of people may have
to leave their homes and large areas of farmland may also
get destroyed.
Farming: The changes in the weather may also cause
changes in the amount of rainfall in different parts of the
world. Some places may get heavy rains while in other

22. places it may not rain at all. Hence, this will affect the crop
growth throughout the world, as crops like wheat and rice
grow well in higher temperatures, whereas crops like corn
and sugarcane may not grow. Therefore, there will be
scarcity of food in some parts of the world and people will
suffer from hunger.
People: Last but not the least, these weather changes will
also bring unwanted changes in our lifestyle. The
consequences of these climatic variations on human beings
depend on how well we adapt ourselves to the changes,
and how much we can do to minimize them.

23. THANK YOU