nice informative

1. ANEMIA
ANU.R.V
1ST YEAR Msc.NURSING

2. DEFINITION
• Anemia refers to a deficiency in the number
of circulating red blood cells available for
oxygen transport.
• Anemia is defined as a reduction in the total
number of red blood cells, amount of
hemoglobin in the circulation, or circulating
red blood cell mass

3. Decreased erythrocyte
production
• Decreased Hb synthesis
• Defective DNA synthesis
• Decreased number of erythrocyte
precursors

4. SYMPTOMS, AND
SIGNS OF ANEMIA

5. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

6. CLASSIFICATION OF
ANEMIA
• IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
»ANGULAR CHEILITIS
»GLOSSITIS

7. KOILONYCHIA

8. DIAGNOSIS
Hb
MCV
MCH
RETICULOCYTES
SERUM IRON
TIBC
PLATELETS
STOOL GUAIAC TEST
ENDOSCOPY
COLONOSCOPY

9. THALASSEMIA
• Common inherited autosomal recessive
genetic disorder
• insufficient production of normal hb.
• Problem in Globin protien

10. ETIOLOGY
• TALASSEMIA MINOR/THALASSEMIC
TRAIT (HETEROZYGOUS)
• THALASSEMIA
MAJOR(HOMOZYGOUS)

11. CLINICAL MANIFSTATIONS
• MILD ANEMIA(T.TRAIT/MINOR)
• MILD-MODERATE.(T.INTERMEDIA)
» SLOWED GROWTH AND DELAYED PUBERTY
» BONE PROBLEMS
» ENLARGED SPLEEN
• SEVERE ANEMIA.(T.MAJOR/COOLEY’S
ANEMIA)

12. SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
• Sideroblasts are atypical, abnormal
nucleated erythroblasts (precursors to
mature red blood cells) with granules of
iron accumulated in perinuclear
mitochondria

13. CAUSES
• CONGENITAL S.A
• ACQUIRED S.A
• ACQUIRED CLONAL S.A

14. DEFECTIVE DNA SNTHESIS
• COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY

16. DEFINITION
• Aplastic anemia is a disease in which the
bone marrow, and the blood stem cells
that reside there, are damaged. This
causes a deficiency of all three blood cell
types,RBC,WBC and Platelets
(pancytopenia.)
• Aplastic refers to inability of the stem cells
to generate the mature blood cells.

17. ANEMIA CAUSED BY BLOOD
LOSS
• ACUTE.
• CHRONIC

18. INCREASED ERYTHROCYTE
DESTRUCTION
• HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
premature destruction of
erythrocyte occurring at such a rate thaN
the bone marrow is unable to compensate
for the loss of cells.

19. ETIOLOGY
• ACQUIRED
» IMMUNE SSTEM MEDIATED HEMOLYSIS
» TRAUMATIC HEMOLYSIS
» INFECTIOUS
» TOXIC
» PHYSICAL
» HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC
• HERIDITARY
» STRUCTURAL DEFECTS
» ENZYME DEFICIENCY