6. NON-CONTINUOUS OR NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS Some verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. I like this music (NOT I’m liking this music) Some other verbs are not used in continuous forms when they have certain meanings. Compare: I’ m seeing the doctor at ten o’clock. I see what you mean. (=I understand what you mean). Most of these non-progressive verbs refer to states rather than actions. Some refer to mental states (e.g. know, think, believe ); some others refer to the use of the senses (e.g. smell, taste ). Here is a list of some common verbs which are not often used in progressive forms (or which are not used in progressive forms with certain meanings).
7. PRESENT SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS? 1. NOW OR SOMETIMES? 2. TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT? 3. ALWAYS.
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9. USE: (finished past actions) - action in the past taking place once, never or several times Peter BROKE a window last night. - actions taking place one after another One day the Princess DECIDED that she DIDN’T LIKE staying at home all day, so she TOLD her father that she WANTED to get a job… - action taking place in the middle of another action She PHONED me while I was having a shower. SIGNAL WORDS : yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
12. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HA S HE/SHE/IT GONE ? HE/SHE/IT HA S N'T GONE HE/SHE/IT HAS GONE HAVE WE/YOU/THEY GONE ? WE/YOU/THEY HAVEN’T GONE WE/YOU/THEY HAVE GONE HAVE I / YOU GONE ? I / YOU HAVEN'T GONE I/YOU HAVE GONE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE gone went go subject + HAVE/HAS + 3 IRREGULAR VERBS 3 2 1 subject +HAVE/HAS + 1 + - ed* REGULAR VERBS
13. USE: We use the present perfect to say that a finished action or event is connected to the present in some way: - action that is still going on We HAVE BELONGED to the tennis club since we moved here. - action that stopped recently At last! I’VE FINISHED! The plane HAS LANDED. - finished action that has an influence on the present Emma’s computer is working now. She HAS REPAIRED it. I’VE BROKEN my leg. - action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking: I HAVE TRAVELLED in Africa a lot. SIGNAL WORDS: already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now, this week,…
14. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS gone went go 3 2 1 subject + have / has + been + 1 + -ing HAVE WE/YOU/THEY BEEN GOING ? WE/YOU/THEY HAVEN’T BEEN GOING WE/YOU/THEY HAVE BEEN GOING HA S HE/SHE/IT BEEN GOING ? HE/SHE/IT HA S N'T BEEN GOING HE/SHE/IT HAS BEEN GOING HAVE I / YOU BEEN GOING ? I / YOU HAVEN'T BEEN GOING I/YOU HAVE BEEN GOING INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE
17. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE : putting emphasis on the result PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS : putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?
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19. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS gone went go 3 2 1 subject + had + been + 1 -ING Martin was arrested, even though he HADN’T BEEN DOING anything illegal. USE action that happened over a period of time up to a particular past time, or until shortly before it: She HAD BEEN WEARING high-heeled shoes, and her feet hurt. HAD + Subject+ BEEN GOING? Subject + HADN’T BEEN GOING Subject + HAD BEEN GOING INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE
21. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE We use it for a complete action. We are thinking of the result. PAST PERCECT CONTINUOUS We use it for an action over a period of time. We are thinking of the action going on. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE OR PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS? Emma’s hand ached because she HAD BEEN USING the computer. When I finally served the meal, I’D BEEN COOKING for hours. Her work looked really neat because she’D USED the computer. I felt quite proud that I’D COOKED a meal for eight people.
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23. SHALL can only be used in the first person, after I or WE I WILL BE/ I SHALL BE on holiday in August. FUTURE SIMPLE: WILL NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T gone went go 3 2 1 subject + will + 1 Will they go ? They won't go They will go Will you go ? You won't go You will go Will we go ? We won't go We will go Will it go ? It won't go It will go Will she go ? She won't go She will go Will he go ? He won't go He will go Will you go ? You won't go You will go Will I go ? I won't go I will go INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE
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25. WILL OR GOING TO? DECISIONS AND INTENTIONS. PREDICTIONS.
26. FUTURE CONTINUOUS SIGNAL WORDS : in one year, next week, tomorrow gone went go 3 2 1 subject + will be + 1 > " ing " Will they be going ? They will not be going They will be going Will you be going ? You will not be going You will be going Will we be going ? We will not be going We will be going Will it be going ? It will not be going It will be going Will she be going ? She will not be going She will be going Will he be going ? He will not be going He will be going Will you be going ? You will not be going You will be going Will I be going ? I will not be going I will be going INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE
![PRESENT SIMPLE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],gone went go subject + 1 > s* he, she, it 3 2 1 subject + 1 I, we, you, they DO WE/YOU/THEY GO ? WE/YOU/THEY DON’T GO WE/YOU/THEY GO DO ES HE/SHE/IT GO ? HE/SHE/IT DO ES N'T GO HE/SHE/IT GO ES DO I / YOU GO ? I / YOU DON'T GO I/ YOU GO INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)