how-to-pack

How to Pack
Whether you’re looking for general guidelines for
packing day-to-day shipments or specific guidelines
for shipping specialty items, you’ll find it all here in
our series of comprehensive packaging guides. Click
the one you want. Print just what you need.

Contents

Click the guide you want.

General Packaging Guidelines 3

Packaging Perishable Shipments 9

Packaging Computer Shipments 16

Packaging Guidelines for Clinical Samples,
Environmental Test Samples and Biological Substance,
Category B (UN 3373) Shipments 22

Automotive and Mechanical Parts
Packaging Guidelines and Designs 28

Preparing Freight Shipments 36

General Packaging Guidelines
At FedEx, we know proper packaging can help
ensure that your shipments arrive safely. So
we offer general packaging guidelines — from
measuring and weighing your package, to packing
methods, sealing and labeling instructions, and
guidelines for restricted shipments.

Contents
Shipment Size and Weight Restrictions 4

General Packaging Guidelines 4

General Packing Methods 5

Sealing Your Package 7

Addressing and Labeling Your Package 7

Packaging Specialty Shipments 7

Back to How to Pack contents

Shipment Size and Weight Restrictions Calculating Dimensional Weight
• With FedEx Express® U.S. services, you can ship Dimensional weight applies when your package is
packages up to 150 lbs.; up to 119" in length and 165" relatively light compared with its volume. If the
in length and girth. dimensional weight exceeds the actual weight,
charges based on the dimensional weight will be
• With FedEx Express international services, you can
assessed. To calculate it:
ship packages up to 150 lbs.; up to 108" in length and
130" in length and girth. • Multiply length by width by height in inches.
• With FedEx Express® Freight Services, you can ship • Divide by 194 (for U.S. and Puerto Rico shipments)
individual skids of 150 lbs. or more. Skids exceeding or 166 (for international shipments).
2,200 lbs. in weight or exceeding 70" in height, 119" • Compare the dimensional weight and actual weight.
in length or 80" in width require prior approval.
• With FedEx Ground® services, you can ship packages
up to 150 lbs.; up to 108" in length and 165" in length General Packaging Guidelines
plus girth. • Use FedEx Express packaging for FedEx Express
®
• With FedEx Home Delivery services, you can ship package shipments only; any other use is prohibited.
packages up to 70 lbs.; up to 108" in length and 165" • You may use your own packaging if boxes are sturdy
in length plus girth. and undamaged with all flaps intact.
• Use double-wall boxes for heavier items.
Place yellow and black safety heavyweight labels over • Place small packages inside a larger outer container.
the diagonal corners of your package if it weighs more For express shipments smaller than 7" x 4" x 2", use
than 75 lbs. To get the labels, contact your FedEx Express a FedEx Express packaging option.
courier or FedEx account executive, or go to a FedEx
• Put 3" of cushioning, such as air-cellular cushioning,
Kinko’s Office and Print Center® or FedEx World Service
loosefill peanuts, corrugated fiberboard, foam pads or
Center®.
molded plastic, on all sides of the container.
Length and Girth Formula • Double-box fragile items with 3" of cushioning in and
Girth is around the smaller box.
(2 x width) + (2 x height)
• Wrap items individually with cushioning material
and center them in cartons away from other items
and away from the sides, corners, top and bottom of
the container.
Height
• Position bottles that contain liquids upright. Use an
inner seal and perforated breakaway cap. The inner
packaging must be able to contain leaks.
Width • Place items that might be damaged by normal
Length handling, such as soiling, marking or application of
adhesive labels, in a protective outer container.
Length is the longest side of the package or object.
• Band or shrinkwrap printed materials that can shift
Measuring Length and Girth around, and then cushion them within a heavy-duty
corrugated cardboard carton.
The length and girth formula is simple. Here’s what you do:
• Wrap rolled goods such as fabric and wallpaper
• Measure the length, height and width of the package.
in air-cellular cushioning, reinforced plastic or
• Length and girth equals length plus twice the width heavy brown paper before placing them in an
and twice the height. outer container.

Back to contents Page 4

• Enclose an extra label, business card or letterhead • Use fillers like crumpled newspaper, loosefill peanuts
with the shipper’s address and phone number and or air-cellular cushioning material to fill void spaces
the recipient’s address and phone number inside the and prevent movement of goods inside the box
package before sealing it. during shipping.
• Remove all old address labels from recycled boxes • Place goods that might be affected by dirt, water or
before shipping, and make sure there are no holes, wet conditions inside a plastic bag.
tears or corner dents in the outer container. • Consolidate small parts or spillable granular products
in a strong sealed container, such as a burlap or
Recommended Box-Strength Guidelines siftproof plastic bag, before shipping inside a sturdy
outer container.
Use this box-selection chart to determine the maximum
content weight allowed in a sturdy outer container. The • Use the H taping method for sealing your package.
printed weight on the box stamp may differ from the
FedEx maximum recommended limits for the express and Recommended Packing Method For:
ground shipping environment.
Machinery parts
Recommended Box-Strength Guidelines Footwear and apparel
Maximum Size Limit of Bursting Test Edge Crush
Weight Box (inches) (lbs. per Test (ECT) Printed matter
of Contents L+W+H sq. in.) (lbs. per
(lbs.) in. width) Canned products
Single-Wall Corrugated Containers Granular products
30 75 200 32
Carpeting
40 75 200 40
50 85 250 44 Tools and hardware
65 95 275 55
80 105 350 NA And similar items

Double-Wall Corrugated Containers Single-Box Illustration Filled With Loosefill Peanuts

60 85 200 48
Nonfragile product
80 95 275 51 with cushioning
100 105 350 61 to prevent movement
120 110 400 71
140 115 500 82
150 120 600 NA Sturdy outer
container with
flaps intact

General Packing Methods
Follow these general guidelines for the two most popular
packing methods, plus recommendations for odd- or Single-Box Illustration With Wrapped Item
irregular-shaped shipments.
Fragile product
wrapped in a
minimum 4"
thickness of
Single-Box Packing Method cushioning material

• Ship nonfragile products like soft goods inside a
sturdy outer container. Sturdy outer
container with
• Ship fragile products individually, wrapping them in flaps intact
a minimum 4" thickness of air-cellular cushioning
material such as Bubble Wrap®.


Box-in-Box Packing Method Box-in-Box Illustration With Air-Cellular Cushioning

• Wrap product(s) individually with at least 2" thickness
Smaller inner box
of air-cellular cushioning or foam material to fit snugly wrapped in 4"
inside a corrugated box. of air-cellular
cushioning material
• Restrict product movement inside the box using filler
like crumpled newspaper, loosefill peanuts or other cush-
ioning material.
Sturdy outer
• Close and tape the inner box to prevent container,
measuring
accidental opening. 6" larger on
all sides,
• Use a second, outer container that is at least 6" longer, with flaps intact
wider and deeper than the inner box.
• Choose the wrap or fill method to cushion the inner box
inside the larger sturdy outer container.
• Wrap the inner box with at least 4" thickness of air- Wrapping and Taping Method
cellular cushioning material or use at least 3" of loosefill It is always preferable to ship items in sturdy outer
peanuts or other cushioning material to fill the spaces cartons to protect them from the soiling, marking,
between the inner box and outer container on the top, scratching and denting that may occur during normal
bottom and all sides. package handling. But for odd- or irregular-shaped items,
• Fill any void spaces with more cushioning material. at a minimum you should wrap and tape all sharp edges
or protrusions.
• Use the H taping method for sealing your package.
Wrap rolled goods such as rugs in heavy-duty plastic
or paper for protection. Then wrap the address label
Recommended Packing Method For: completely around the object or use a tie-on tag or
pouch. FedEx cannot assume liability for damage due to
Clocks
inadequate protection.
Pottery
Glassware
Recommended Packing Method For:
Furniture
Luggage
Eyeglasses
Rugs
Electronics
Transit cases
And similar items
Boogie boards
Reels and spools
Box-in-Box Illustration With Loosefill Peanuts
And similar items
Packing material
(e.g., loosefill peanuts)
minimum of 2" thickness
on each side

Inner box
Address label

Bar-code label

Packing material
(e.g., loosefill Protective wrap
peanuts) minimum
of 3" thickness
on each side
Sturdy outer
container with
flaps intact

Sealing Your Package • Avoid wrapping labels around the corner or directly on
the edge or seam of the package.
• Apply at least three strips of pressure-sensitive
adhesive plastic tape that is at least 2" wide to both • Place shipping labels on the package’s largest surface.
the top and bottom of the carton. While we cannot ensure compliance with markings
such as “Up” arrows or “This End Up,” properly
• Distribute the tape evenly across flaps and seams,
placing the shipping label increases your chance
using the H taping method.
for the preferred orientation.
• Use pressure-sensitive plastic tape, water-activated
• Do not place labels over seams or sealing tape.
paper tape (minimum 60-lb. grade) or water-activated
reinforced tape. • Use tie-on tags on transit cases (including tradeshow
display cases), golf bags, skis and luggage.
• Do not use cellophane tape, duct tape, masking tape,
string or rope to seal packages.
Use applicable routing label,
airbill or address label
H taping method
While we cannot ensure
compliance with markings
such as up arrows or
“This End Up,” properly
placing the shipping label
increases your chance for
the preferred orientation.

Packaging Specialty Shipments
Some shipments require detailed instructions for proper
packaging to ensure intact delivery to your destination.
We suggest that you download those stand-alone PDF
Addressing and Labeling Your Package
files in their entirety. Guidelines for packaging specialty
• Place delivery information inside and outside items are all-inclusive and contain specific packing,
the package. Include an address for your recipient sealing, labeling and testing instructions. You’ll find
and yourself. specific guidelines for those products in the table of
• Supply a physical address rather than a P.O. box contents. Recommendations for items that don’t require
address for U.S. recipients. FedEx Express can ship to such specific guidelines follow.
a P.O. box in certain international locations, including
Puerto Rico, but you must provide a valid telephone,
fax or telex number.
• Remove or cross out any old address labels on
the carton.
• Package labels and packing slips should be applied
facing the same direction on the same side of
the package.
• Avoid carbon-copy or stenciled labels unless you
cover them with clear pressure-sensitive tape; they
can smear and cause delays in delivery.


General Guidelines for Unique Items To find updated dangerous-goods guidelines, information
• Artwork. Apply masking tape in a criss-cross pattern on packaging guidelines and other information,
on the glass surface to prevent glass from splintering; go to fedex.com/us/services/options, then select
call the FedEx packaging hotline at 1.800.633.7019 for Dangerous Goods. You can also register at fedex.com/
a list of artwork-packaging manufacturers. us/services/options/dangerousgoods/seminars.html
for IATA/ICAO training that meets government-mandated
• Photos and Posterboard. Tape flat items onto training under 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49CFR)
a rigid material like plywood, plastic or layers of 172.700. To speak with a dangerous-goods shipping
fiberboard padding; as an alternative, place printed professional call, 1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339 and
material between pieces of corrugated pad and tape press “81.”
both pads together at all seams.
Hazardous-Materials Shipments via FedEx Ground
• Undeveloped Film. Prominently mark your packages
accordingly; special labels are available. If you haven’t shipped hazardous materials via FedEx
Ground before, contact your FedEx account executive
• Stringed Musical Instruments. Loosen the tension first. We need to confirm that you’ve met government
on the strings to remove the stress on the neck of training requirements and can generate the
the instrument. documentation your shipment needs.
• Printed Matter. Make sure the printed matter is To find updated hazardous-materials guidelines,
banded or shrinkwrapped and packed in adequate information on packaging guidelines and other
outer packaging to prevent exposure during transit. information, go to fedex.com/us/services/options,
Place stacks of printed matter in double-wall, then select Hazardous Materials. To register for online
full-overlap or telescopic corrugated boxes. training that meets DOT certification requirements, go to
See Recommended Box-Strength Guidelines www.shipsafeshipsmart.com or call 1.800.762.3744,
for recommendations. ext. 6753. To speak with a hazardous-materials shipping
professional, call 1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339 and
press “81.”
Dangerous-Goods Shipments via FedEx Express
Dangerous goods must be tendered to FedEx Express
according to both current IATA regulations for air
transport and the FedEx Express Terms and Conditions.
Many common items are considered dangerous goods,
including aerosol sprays, car batteries, fireworks,
lighters, matches, paint and perfume. If you’re not sure
whether your commodity meets the criteria for dangerous
goods, or which identification and classification apply,
contact the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) at
1.800.467.4922. If you have other questions, call the
FedEx Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials hotline at
1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339 and press “81.”

Bubble Wrap is a registered trademark of Sealed Air Corporation.

NOTICE: This packaging brochure is provided free to FedEx customers to help reduce loss or damage due to improper packaging. It is NOT intended to be a comprehensive guide for packaging items we
accept for transit. We make no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding this information. Proper packaging is the sole responsibility of the shipper. For more information and additional guidelines, go
to the packaging tips page on fedex.com/us/services/packageshipment/, e-mail packagingservices@fedex.com or contact FedEx Packaging Design and Development at 1.800.633.7019. Refer to the
current FedEx Service Guide for terms, conditions and limitations applicable to FedEx® delivery services.
© 2007 FedEx


Packaging Perishables Shipments
At FedEx, we know perishable shipments must be
properly packaged to prevent spoilage and maintain
product integrity. FedEx Express can help with specific
instructions for packaging your perishable shipments.

Contents
How to Keep Products Refrigerated During Transit 10

How to Keep Products Frozen During Transit 12

Shipping Seafood With Wet Ice 13

How to Protect Products From Freezing 14

Sealing and Labeling Instructions 14

The FedEx Express Transportation Environment 15

Free FedEx® Package Testing and Design Services 15

Contacts and Resources 15


Preparing Perishable Items for Shipment • Bag perishable products that can melt or thaw, or
shipments that contain liquid, using minimum 2-mil
Perishable products may be subjected to harsh
watertight plastic bags.
environmental conditions, such as excessive
temperature or humidity, on the way to their • Place foam containers inside sturdy outer containers.
destination. We do not provide temperature-controlled • Include the address and 24-hour phone number of both
shipping services for express shipments. However, the shipper and the recipient on each shipping label.
with careful packaging, you can protect your products
by providing appropriate temperature protection *Dry ice (carbon dioxide solid, UN 1845) is considered a dangerous good/
or stability. hazardous material for air transport and requires special handling. See Dry
Ice Shipping Regulations for details.
During shipping, insulation and refrigerants are key to
preserving products like seafood, plants, meat and fruits Express Service Recommendations
as well as dairy, medical and chemical products. With
• We recommend that perishables be shipped via FedEx
the proper combination of insulation and refrigerants,
First Overnight®, FedEx Priority Overnight®, FedEx
you can maintain products within specific temperature
Standard Overnight® or FedEx 1Day® Freight.
ranges. You can keep products frozen, or prevent
• The maximum acceptable gross weight per package for
products from freezing. You can prevent melting and
most FedEx Express® overnight services is 150 lbs.,
thawing in hot weather and minimize the effects of
including packaging and refrigerant.
short-term temperature variations. We’ll show you how.
• For overnight shipment of packages with a gross
weight of 151 to 2,200 lbs. each, use FedEx
Insulation 1Day Freight.
We recommend insulation to reduce the transfer of heat • We recommend that you package perishables for a
through packaging container walls. The most common minimum transit time of 30 hours.
insulation materials are expanded polystyrene (EPS)
• FedEx does not recommend shipping perishables via
foam, rigid polyurethane foam and reflective materials
FedEx 2Day®, FedEx 2Day® Freight or FedEx Express
(radiant barrier films).
Saver®, but if you choose to you should package
shipments for at least 12 hours more than the
Refrigerants delivery commitment time.
We recommend refrigerants such as gel coolants and dry • Avoid shipment of perishable items on days that will
ice* to keep perishable products cold or frozen. However, require transit on a weekend or over a holiday period.
do not use dry ice as a refrigerant for live seafood such • Perishable seafood items are acceptable for shipments
as lobsters; use gel coolants instead. Wet ice has many within the U.S. only.
disadvantages, including weight and special water-
resistant packaging requirements, but it may be used
if approved in advance by FedEx Packaging Design How to Keep Products Refrigerated
and Development. During Transit
Gel coolants are preferable to wet ice.
General Guidelines for Packaging Perishables • Freeze the coolants according to the manufacturer’s
• Package shipments to withstand handling in guidelines.
different orientations. • Precool the insulated container, if possible.
• Use a refrigerant that will keep products within the • If your shipment contains liquid or perishable products
required temperature range. Use gel coolants for that could contain liquids, double-bag the products
refrigerating products between 32 F (0 C) and 60 F using minimum 2-mil watertight plastic bags and line
(16 C). Use dry ice* for frozen items. the inside of the foam container with a minimum 2-mil
• Use insulated foam containers with a minimum of plastic liner and absorbent material.
1-1/2"-thick walls. • Arrange products inside the insulated container,
allowing space for coolants.


• Place a sufficient number of coolants on top of and Packaging Seafood Shipments With Gel Coolants
around the product.
Expanded
• Fill all void space with dunnage such as loosefill polystyrene
peanuts to prevent product movement. foam cooler top

• Close the liner bag securely.
• Place the insulated container inside a corrugated
outer box.
Coolant
• Close and securely seal the corrugated box with
pressure-sensitive plastic tape. Apply the tape over Proper fold-over
bag closure
all box flaps and seams.
Seafood*
Packaging Perishable Shipments With Gel Coolants
2-mil sealed
plastic bag
(double-bagged)
Insulated container lid

2-mil sealed
plastic bag
Coolant

Product
Coolant
2-mil plastic liner

Insulated container
Absorbent pads

Expanded
polystyrene
Outer corrugated box foam cooler
bottom

Outer
corrugated
Bag Closure Instructions box

* When shipping live edible seafood (lobsters, oysters, crabs), use gel
coolants and follow the same packaging steps except do not seal the bags.

Twist end of bag tightly. Fold over. Wrap rubber band
securely around fold-over
to ensure closure.


How to Keep Products Frozen When shipping with dry ice, you must provide correct
During Transit identification, classification, markings and labeling on
• Freeze products before packaging. your outer carton to comply with current requirements in
the International Air Transport Association (IATA) danger-
• Precool the insulated container, if possible.
ous-goods regulations.
• If the shipment contains liquid or perishable products
that can melt or thaw, bag the products or line the The following permanent markings are required on the
insulated container using a minimum 2-mil watertight outer packaging of all IATA dry ice shipments:
plastic bag. • “Dry Ice” or “Carbon Dioxide Solid.”
• When arranging products inside the insulated • “UN 1845.”
container, allow enough space for dry ice. • Net weight of dry ice in kilograms.
• Place a sufficient amount of dry ice in the insulated • Name and address of the shipper.
container on top of and around the products. • Name and address of the recipient.
• Fill void spaces with dunnage material such as
loosefill peanuts. FedEx Dry Ice Label
• Close the liner bag (if used) but do not completely
seal it, as the carbon dioxide gas from the evaporating
dry ice must be allowed to vent.
• Place the lid on the insulated container.
• Place the insulated container inside an outer
corrugated box.
• Close and securely tape the box with pressure-
sensitive plastic tape. Apply tape to all flaps
and seams.
• Complete the required paperwork, dangerous-goods
labeling and markings. 3

ABC Food Company Liam Riley
1234 Main Street 2020 Vision Street
Dry Ice Shipping Regulations Memphis, TN 38112 Atlanta, GA 30305
Dry ice (or carbon dioxide solid, UN 1845) is considered a
An IATA Class 9 Miscellaneous label must appear on all dry
dangerous good/hazardous material for air transport and ice shipments. FedEx Express offers a dry ice label that, when
correctly completed, satisﬁes the IATA marking and labeling
requires special handling. Shippers are also required to requirements, available free of charge at fedex.com or by
have function-specific dangerous-goods training as out- calling 1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339.

lined in 49CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 172.700.
When dry ice changes to carbon dioxide gas in enclosed Whether you use online shipment processing at
spaces like aircraft cargo holds, it displaces oxygen. fedex.com or a FedEx airbill, select “Dry Ice” on your
The design and construction of packaging used for dry documentation and complete the dry ice information. In
ice shipments must prevent the buildup of pressure addition, mark “Yes, Shipper’s Declaration not required”
that could cause rupturing and the release of carbon in the Special Handling section on the airbill.
dioxide gas. If you have questions or need more information about
dry ice shipments, call the FedEx Dangerous Goods/
Hazardous Materials Hotline at 1.800.GoFedEx
1.800.463.3339 and press 81.


Packaging Perishable Shipments With Dry Ice Packaging Frozen Seafood Shipments With Dry Ice

Insulated container lid Expanded
polystyrene
foam cooler top

Dry ice blocks

Dry ice
Product
Proper fold-over
bag closure
Dry ice blocks
Seafood
2-mil plastic liner 2-mil sealed
plastic bag
(double-bagged)
Insulated container

Dry ice
Outer corrugated box

Absorbent pads

Expanded
Dry ice label polystyrene
foam cooler
bottom

Additional Requirements for Shipping
Frozen Seafood
Outer
• Double-bag seafood in minimum 2-mil plastic corrugated
box
bags, with each bag individually sealed using the
fold-over method. Dry ice
label
• Place adequate absorbent material such as pads,
cellulose wadding or paper towels in the bottom of
the foam container to absorb any liquids.
Shipping Seafood With Wet Ice
FedEx does not recommend the use of wet ice (frozen
water) as a refrigerant. If you believe wet ice is
necessary, your packaging must be approved by
FedEx Packaging Design and Development before
shipping. Use of wet ice without preauthorization
is prohibited.
• Double-bag seafood in minimum 2-mil plastic
fold-over method.
• Double-bag the ice in minimum 2-mil plastic
fold-over method.


• Line the insulated container using a minimum 2-mil How to Protect Products From Freezing
watertight plastic bag. You can help protect your products from low
• Place adequate absorbent material such as pads, temperatures or freezing by using “heat sinks,” which
cellulose wadding or paper towels in the bottom of help maintain desired temperatures. Gel coolants make
the foam container to absorb any liquids. good heat sinks.
• Follow all other packaging requirements for • Place your products inside an insulated container and
seafood shipments. surround them with room-temperature (about 72 F) gel
• Ship via FedEx Priority Overnight service only. coolants to reduce the risk of freezing.
• Fill all void space with dunnage such as loosefill
Packaging Seafood Shipments With Wet Ice peanuts to prevent product movement.
• Ship the insulated container inside a corrugated box.
Expanded
polystyrene
foam cooler top Packaging Perishables to Prevent Freezing

Ice in 2-mil sealed
plastic bag Insulated container lid
(double-bagged)

Proper fold-over Warm coolant
bag closure

Seafood

2-mil sealed
plastic bag
(double-bagged) Product

Ice in 2-mil sealed
plastic bag 2-mil plastic liner
(double-bagged)
Insulated container

Absorbent pads

Outer corrugated box
2-mil sealed
plastic bag

Expanded
polystyrene
foam cooler
bottom

Sealing and Labeling Instructions
• Apply at least three strips of pressure-sensitive
Outer adhesive plastic tape that is at least 2" wide to both
corrugated
box the top and bottom of the carton.
• Tape all seams or flaps using the H taping method.
• Place the shipping label on the top of the
largest surface.
• Mark your outer container ”Perishable.”


H taping method avoid product spoilage. We encourage you to submit
While we cannot a sample of your perishables packaging for testing
ensure compliance
with markings such and evaluation.
as up arrows or
“This End Up,”
properly placing the
shipping label increases Testing Request Guidelines
your chance for the
preferred orientation. Follow these steps for submitting your packaging for
testing. An active FedEx account number is required. You
and your FedEx account executive should expect testing
Dry ice label (when required). results in approximately 5 to 7 business days from receipt
Dry ice (carbon dioxide solid,
UN 1845) is considered a dangerous of your packaging.
good/hazardous material for air transport
and requires special handling. See Dry Ice 1. Obtain a Packaging Services Application at fedex.com
Shipping Regulations for details.
or by contacting FedEx Packaging Design and
Development at packagingservices@fedex.com or
The FedEx Express 1.800.633.7019.
Transportation Environment 2. Complete and sign your application, referencing the
Perishable products must withstand various temperature name of your FedEx account executive on the form.
conditions in the FedEx Express shipping environment. 3. Prepare a sample test package including all the
The cargo areas of our vans and trucks are not packaging components and contents in the exact
temperature-controlled, and temperature will vary configuration you intend to send to your customer.
depending on time of year, location, exposure to 4. Place your completed application, your sample
sunlight and other variables. In summer months the test package labeled “Test This Package” and any
temperature in the cargo area can be as much as necessary cushioning material in a sturdy outer
30 degrees higher than the ambient temperature container marked “Overpacked/Test Pkg. Inside.”
outside the vehicle. 5. Send your shipment to:
On board FedEx Express aircraft, temperatures vary FedEx Packaging Design and Development
depending on the type of aircraft, the location of each 2828 Business Park Drive
cargo compartment and the package location within Bldg. H, Suite 500
each compartment, the length of flight and the cruising Memphis, TN 38118
altitude. For general reference, temperatures aboard
most wide-body aircraft main cargo compartments vary Contacts and Resources
between 65 F (18 C) and 90 F (32 C). Packages positioned • How to Pack guidelines at fedex.com/us/services/
in the bulk department, next to the aircraft’s outer packageshipment/.
structure, might be exposed to temperatures as low as
• FedEx Packaging Design and Development lab,
0 F (-18 C) during flight.
packagingservices@fedex.com or 1.800.633.7019.
Air pressures on FedEx Express aircraft vary from as • FedEx field packaging engineers,
low as 8.3 psi at cruise altitude to as much as 14.7 psi pkgfield@mail.fedex.com, or contact your FedEx
on the ground. account executive for a referral.
• FedEx Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Hotline,
Free FedEx® Package Testing 1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339 and press 81.
and Design Services Contact your FedEx account executive for information on
We offer package testing, evaluation and design services packaging flower shipments.
that can help you predict packaging performance and

NOTICE: This packaging brochure is provided free to FedEx customers to help reduce loss or damage due to improper packaging. It is NOT intended to be a comprehensive guide for packaging items
we accept for transit. We make no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding this information. Proper packaging is the sole responsibility of the shipper. For more information and additional guidelines,
go to the packaging tips page on fedex.com/us/services/packageshipment/, e-mail packagingservices@fedex.com or contact FedEx Packaging Design and Development at 1.800.633.7019. Refer to
the current FedEx Service Guide for terms, conditions and limitations applicable to FedEx® delivery services.
© 2007 FedEx


Packaging Computer Shipments
At FedEx, we understand that computers and
peripherals, such as monitors and printers, are
complex and fragile pieces of equipment. They
need proper packaging designed to protect them
from shock and vibration that occurs naturally
in transit. We can help.

Contents
Shipping With Original Manufacturer’s Packaging 17

Shipping Without Original Manufacturer’s Packaging 17

Sealing and Labeling Instructions 19

Shipping in a FedEx Laptop Box 19

Shipping in a Transit Case 19

Packaging Freight Shipments 20

General Guidelines for Shipping Computer Parts and Peripherals 20




Recommended Packaging Options Obtain a box that is at least 6" larger in length, width
and height than the original manufacturer’s packaging.
This brochure will help you pack and prepare your
Fill the bottom of the box with 3" of packing material
computer and peripheral shipments. Follow the
(e.g., air-cellular cushioning or loosefill peanuts). Do not
instructions for the packaging method of your choice.
use crushed paper. Center the original manufacturer’s
• Shipping with original manufacturer’s packaging. packaging inside the outer box and fill empty spaces on
• Shipping without original manufacturer’s packaging. all sides and the top with packing material. The inner box
should be surrounded with at least 3" of packing material
• Shipping in a FedEx Laptop Box.
around all six sides of the inner box.
• Shipping in a transit case.
Apply at least three strips of pressure-sensitive adhesive
• Packaging freight shipments. plastic tape that is at least 2" wide to both the top and
bottom of the carton to protect the package and its
contents. Tape all seams or flaps.
Shipping With Original
Manufacturer’s Packaging
Original packaging is usually designed to ship the
Shipping Without Original
product once, not multiple times. Reuse can weaken
Manufacturer’s Packaging
the packaging and place the inside product at risk. We recommend three methods for shipping your computers
Overboxing provides extra integrity for the weakened and peripherals if you don’t have, or prefer not to use, the
original manufacturer’s packaging. original manufacturer’s packaging.

Using Air-Cellular Cushioning Material
Using Original Packaging and an Outer Box
Computer or peripheral wrapped
in a minimum 3" thickness of
Accessories Bubble Wrap® material

Original
manufacturer’s
cushioning
Accessories

Original
manufacturer’s Outer box
box

Packing
material

Wrap the computer or peripheral on all sides with at
Outer box
least 3" to 4" of air-cellular cushioning material such as
Bubble Wrap®. Place the wrapped item inside a sturdy
outer box. Accessories that are wrapped in appropriate
amounts of cushioning can also be placed in any
open spaces of the box. Fill all spaces with additional
Inspect the original packaging to ensure that the
cushioning so that the wrapped item fits tightly inside
cushioning material and box are intact and unbroken.
the box. If no open spaces exist, pack accessories in
Make any repairs with pressure-sensitive adhesive
an additional box.
plastic tape that is at least 2" wide. Pack the product
using all the original packaging components. Close and seal both the top and bottom of the box with
three strips of pressure-sensitive plastic tape that is at
least 2" wide. Tape all seams or flaps.


Using Loosefill Peanuts Using Foam Corner Cushioning
Enclose contents
inside plastic bag
Computer or
Packing material peripheral
(e.g., looseﬁll peanuts) surrounded with
minimum of 2" thickness packing material
on each side
Inner box
Inner box
Foam corner
cushions

Packing material
(e.g., looseﬁll
peanuts) minimum
of 3" thickness
on each side Outer box

Outer box

Since this type of packing material allows the packaged
item to settle to the bottom of the box, it is important to You may choose to use foam corner cushioning specifically
use the overbox method of packaging. The inner box designed to properly cushion your product during shipping.
should be at least 4" greater in length, width and height This packing method allows you to use one size of inner
than the item you are shipping. This will allow for 2" of box, one size of outer box, and one type of foam corner
space for all six sides. The outer box should be at least cushioning to ship items of various sizes and weights.
6" greater in length, width and height than the inner box. Place the computer or peripheral inside the box and
This will allow 3" of space between the inner box and surround the item with at least 1-1/2" of packing material
the outer box. (e.g., loosefill peanuts, air-cellular cushioning, foam-in-
Wrap the computer or peripheral in a plastic bag to place) on all sides so that the item does not move inside
prevent the loosefill peanuts from getting inside the unit. the box.
Fill the bottom of the inner box with at least 2" of loosefill Close and seal the top and bottom of the inner box with
peanuts and center the wrapped item inside the box. Fill three strips of pressure-sensitive plastic tape that is at
empty spaces on all sides and top with loosefill peanuts, least 2" wide.
ensuring that there is at least 2" of loosefill peanuts on
all six sides of the item. Pack accessories such as power Place the box containing the item inside a larger (outer)
cords, keyboards and external drives separately, away box fitted with the foam corner cushions. The outer box
from the computer or peripheral. must fit tightly around the foam corner cushions.

Close and seal both the top and bottom of the box with Close and seal the top and bottom of the outer box with
three strips of pressure-sensitive plastic tape that is at three strips of pressure-sensitive plastic tape that is at
least 2" wide. least 2" wide. Tape all seams or flaps.

Fill the bottom of the outer box with at least 3" of loosefill
peanuts and center the inner box inside the outer box. Fill
empty spaces on all sides and top of the inner box with
loosefill peanuts, ensuring that there is at least 3" of
loosefill peanuts on all six sides.
Close and seal both the top and bottom of the box with
three strips of pressure-sensitive plastic tape that is at
least 2" wide. Tape all seams or flaps.


Sealing and Labeling Instructions Place the laptop in the plastic bag, then place one foam
pad above and one foam pad below the wrapped laptop.
• Using the H taping method, apply at least three strips
Adjust the slotted foam liner by tearing off just enough
of pressure-sensitive adhesive plastic tape that is at
material to ensure a snug fit around the laptop. Close the
least 2" wide to both the top and bottom of the carton.
box by inserting the flaps into the side walls. Seal the bot-
• Tape all seams or flaps. tom edge of the laptop box with a strip of pressure-sensi-
• Place the shipping label on the top of the largest side. tive plastic tape that is at least 2" wide.

H taping method
While we cannot ensure
compliance with markings
Shipping in a Transit Case
such as up arrows or
“This End Up,” properly
placing the shipping label
increases your chance for
the preferred orientation.
ATA-compliant
transit case with
recessed latches
and handles

FedEx tie-on tag

Shipping in a FedEx Laptop Box

Laptop in
plastic bag
While transit cases can effectively protect computers and
peripherals that will be shipped multiple times, care must
be taken in the design of both the outer case and the
One foam pad inner cushioning.
above and one
foam pad below When selecting a transit case, make sure the inner foam
cushioning is designed to the proper fragility level to
Slotted foam
liner, adjusted protect the computer or peripheral during shipping. Also
for a snug ﬁt make sure the outer case is manufactured in compliance
around laptop
with Airline Transport Association (ATA) standards.
Handles, latches, wheels and locks should be recessed
into the case. Replace the foam cushioning inside the
case periodically, because with use, the cushioning will
break down and no longer provide proper protection for
the product.
Attach the shipping label using a FedEx tie-on tag,
When shipping a laptop computer, we recommend available at fedex.com or by calling 1.800.GoFedEx
that you use our specially designed FedEx Laptop Box 1.800.463.3339.
whenever possible. The box includes cushioning material
and is available for purchase at FedEx Kinko’s Office
and Print Centers®, FedEx World Service Center® locations
and FedEx Kinko’sSM Ship Centers.


Packaging Freight Shipments Printers
Remove printing cartridges before shipping, and place car-
Cartons 70-gauge
stacked squarely stretchwrap tridges inside a sealed plastic bag to prevent ink or powder
from leaking into the box. Tape moving parts such as doors
and print heads to secure them during transit. Remove any
Angleboard 70"
paper trays and pack them separately.

Scanners
Most manufacturers recommend that you secure the
scanner carriage to prevent movement when shipping.
27" minimum
width, 3-1/2" Refer to your owner’s manual for more information.
minimum No overlap
height for of base
pallet jack
entry
Computer Housings With or Without
Banding
through voids Internal Components
Pieces up
to 2,200 lbs. Packaging designed for computer housings without
internal components is usually designed for the weight
Shipments that qualify as freight must be packaged of the empty housing. If you assemble and install inner
accordingly. See the current FedEx Service Guide to components (such as circuit boards and disk drives), make
determine if your shipment qualifies as freight. sure your packaging can accommodate the increased
You must package your freight shipments to allow for weight. For security reasons, you may want to encrypt or
stacking of other packages on top of your shipment. remove any confidential data stored on the computer
Make sure your freight shipments are banded and before shipping. Overbox shipments of assembled units in
stretchwrapped to the pallet, with the bands running original packaging.
in both directions. (Pallet loads secured with only stretch-
wrap are not acceptable.) Data Storage Devices
Avoid corrugated or fiberboard pallets. You must secure Before shipping CDs, memory sticks, magnetic tapes or
all freight shipments weighing 151 lbs. or more on a other data storage media, you should back up any data
forkliftable base, compatible for pallet jack usage. The stored on the devices. For security reasons, you may
minimum specifications for a typical base for forklift or also want to remove or encrypt any sensitive personal,
pallet jack configuration are illustrated above. confidential or financial information. FedEx liability for loss
of any electronic data is limited only to the cost of the
medium on which the data is stored. See Liabilities Not
General Guidelines for Shipping
Assumed in the current FedEx Service Guide.
Computer Parts and Peripherals
Whichever packaging method you use, you’ll find the
following tips helpful when packing specific items. Servers, Routers, Large Laser Printers
Due to the high value and variable weights and sizes
of these units, we recommend that customers contact
Monitors
FedEx Packaging Design and Development for
Remove the base and any attachments from the monitor packaging recommendations.
when possible. Ship the monitor face-down.


Free FedEx® Package Testing Custom-Designed Packaging
and Design Services If you ship computers and peripherals frequently, you may
We offer package testing, evaluation and design services also want to have your packaging custom designed. FedEx
that can help you avoid product damage. In some cases, Packaging Design and Development can provide guidance
we may even help you eliminate unnecessary packaging to you and your packaging supplier. For example, you may
costs. We encourage you to submit a sample of your be interested in a customized foam cushion specifically
packaging for testing and evaluation. Also request a copy designed to fit and protect your fragile computer and to
of our drop, vibration and compression test standards pass all FedEx packaging tests. Our packaging engineers
for shipments by contacting FedEx Packaging Design can help with your custom designs.
and Development.

Contacts and Resources
Testing Request Guidelines • How to Pack guidelines at fedex.com/us/services/
Follow these steps for submitting your packaging for packageshipment/.
testing. An active FedEx account number is required. You • FedEx Packaging Design and Development lab,
and your FedEx account executive should expect testing packagingservices@fedex.com or 1.800.633.7019.
results in approximately 5 to 7 business days from receipt
of your packaging. • FedEx field packaging engineers,
pkgfield@mail.fedex.com, or contact your FedEx
1. Obtain a Packaging Services Application at fedex.com account executive for a referral.
or by contacting FedEx Packaging Design and
Development at packagingservices@fedex.com
or 1.800.633.7019.
2. Complete and sign your application, referencing the
name of your FedEx account executive on the form.
3. Prepare a sample test package including all the
packaging components and contents in the exact
configuration you intend to send to your customer.
4. Place your completed application, your sample test
package labeled ”Test This Package” and any necessary
cushioning material in a sturdy outer container marked
“Overpacked/Test Pkg. Inside.”
5. Send your shipment to:
FedEx Packaging Design and Development
2828 Business Park Drive
Bldg. H, Suite 500
Memphis, TN 38118

Bubble Wrap is a registered trademark of Sealed Air Corporation.

NOTICE: This packaging brochure is provided free to FedEx customers to help reduce loss or damage due to improper packaging. It is NOT intended to be a comprehensive guide for packaging items we
accept for transit. We make no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding this information. Proper packaging is the sole responsibility of the shipper. For more information and additional guidelines, go
to the packaging tips page on fedex.com/us/services/packageshipment/, e-mail packagingservices@fedex.com or contact FedEx Packaging Design and Development at 1.800.633.7019. Refer to the
current FedEx Service Guide for terms, conditions and limitations applicable to FedEx® delivery services.
© 2007 FedEx


Packaging Guidelines for
Clinical Samples, Environmental Test Samples
and Biological Substance,
Category B (UN 3373) Shipments
At FedEx, we understand the importance of quickly and
safely processing clinical samples, environmental test sam-
ples and Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) ship-
ments. FedEx Express can help with specific instructions for
packaging, marking and labeling.

Contents
Requirements for Clinical Samples and Environmental Test Samples 23

General Packaging Requirements 23

Additional Packaging Requirements for Non-Infectious Clinical Samples 24

Requirements for Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) Shipments 24

General Packaging Requirements 24




This guide outlines the requirements for shipping with use a FedEx® Clinical Pak as an overwrap to comply
FedEx Express. In addition, all shipments must comply with the minimum acceptable size as long as the final
with all applicable local, state and federal laws governing package meets the four basic packaging requirements.
packing, marking and labeling. Blood, urine, fluids and
other specimens containing or suspected of containing Acceptable Absorbent Materials
infectious substances must be shipped according to Cellulose wadding
applicable government, International Air Transport
Association (IATA) and International Civil Aviation
Cotton balls
Organization (ICAO) regulations.

Super-absorbent packets
Requirements for Clinical Samples and
Environmental Test Samples
For the purposes of this guide, clinical samples are Paper towels
generally defined as non-infectious human or animal
materials including, but not limited to, excreta, secreta,
tissue and tissue fluids, blood and FDA-approved
pharmaceuticals that are blood products. Environmental Acceptable Primary Containers

test samples are typically soil and water.
Taped plastic canister

General Packaging Requirements
For liquid clinical samples and environmental test
samples of soil and water, you must include four layers
of packaging: Taped glass or plastic jar

1. Primary watertight inner receptacle. Use
leakproof containers for liquid specimens and siftproof
containers for dried specimens — with a positive
closure such as a screw-on, snap-on or push-on lid, Taped glass or plastic vial
taped for an additional seal. If you place multiple
fragile primary receptacles in a single secondary
receptacle, they must be individually wrapped or
Acceptable Secondary Containers
separated to prevent contact between them.
2. Secondary watertight inner receptacle. Use a Sealed, minimum 1"-thick
foam container
leakproof sealed plastic bag, plastic canister, screw-
cap can or sealed foam container.
3. Absorbent material. Place absorbent material
between the primary and secondary receptacles, using Sealed plastic bag
enough material to absorb the entire contents of all
primary receptacles. Acceptable absorbent materials
include cellulose wadding, cotton balls, super-
absorbent packets and paper towels. Plastic container

4. Sturdy outer packaging. Use rigid outer packaging
constructed of corrugated fiberboard, wood, metal or
plastic, appropriately sized for the contents. If the
Screw-cap can
outer packaging is smaller than 7" x 4" x 2", you may


Additional Packaging Requirements for Ship Centers and FedEx Kinko’s Office and Print Centers®
Non-Infectious Clinical Samples accept FedEx Clinical Pak shipments that are not
classified as Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373).
To ensure safe delivery of your clinical and environmental
test samples, we provide these additional guidelines.
Requirements for Biological Substance,
Liquid Clinical Sample Marking Requirements Category B (UN 3373) Shipments
Include a marking on the package that properly identifies Customers who ship Biological Substance, Category B
the shipment as “Exempt human specimen” or “Exempt (UN 3373) shipments must comply with local, state and
animal specimen” as appropriate to comply with current federal laws governing identification, classification,
IATA and ICAO regulations. If you prefer, package packaging and package markings (which may be in label
markings may be in the form of a label. form). FedEx Express strictly adheres to the IATA, ICAO
and U.S. government guidelines for materials categorized
as Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373).
Dried Samples
While non-infectious samples of dried blood, tissue,
General Packaging Requirements
saliva and hair are not dangerous goods and are not
required to meet dangerous-goods regulations, they do For Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373)
require special packaging that meets FedEx Express shipments, cushioning material is required for both
guidelines. Enclose dried-blood samples on absorbent liquid and dried specimens. You must also include four
pads or cards in watertight plastic bags and ship them in layers of packaging:
a sturdy outer container or commercial envelope. Cushion
samples on glass or plastic slides and ship them inside a
1. Primary watertight inner receptacle. Use primary
sturdy outer container or flexible-envelope packaging.
receptacles made of glass, metal or plastic with a
Use of the FedEx Clinical Pak is optional.
positive means of ensuring a leakproof seal, skirted
stopper or metal crimp seal must be provided; screw
Environmental Test Samples caps must be reinforced with adhesive tape. For liquid
specimens, the primary receptacle must not contain
Packaging of environmental test samples such as soil and
more than 1 L. For dried specimens, the primary
water must meet the four basic packaging requirements
receptacle must not exceed the outer packaging
for blood, urine or other liquid clinical samples. Provide
weight limit.
adequate internal filler or cushioning to protect contents.
Temperature-control requirements of environmental test 2. Secondary watertight inner receptacle. Use
samples are your responsibility. a secondary container that is leakproof for liquid
specimens or siftproof for dried specimens. Choose
only secondary containers certified by the
Packaging Restrictions manufacturer for Biological Substance, Category B
• Foam boxes, plastic bags and paper envelopes are (UN 3373) prior to use. Either your primary or
unacceptable outer containers. secondary receptacle must be able to withstand,
without leakage, an internal pressure differential of
• The FedEx® Envelope, FedEx® Tube, FedEx® Pak and not less than 95 kPa in the range of -40 C to 55 C
FedEx boxes are not acceptable as outer containers for (-40 F to 130 F). To prevent contact between multiple
clinical samples or environmental test samples. fragile primary receptacles, individually wrap or
separate them inside the secondary container.
NOTE: Never place liquid clinical samples or environ- 3. Absorbent material. Place absorbent material
mental test samples in a FedEx Express® Drop Box. between the primary and secondary receptacles, using
FedEx World Service Center® locations, FedEx Kinko’sSM enough material to absorb the entire contents of all


primary receptacles. Absorbent material is required for Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) Marking Requirements
Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) shipments
containing liquids. Acceptable absorbent materials 2-mm minimum
include cellulose wadding, cotton balls, super- rule width
2" minimum
absorbent packets and paper towels.
6-mm minimum
text height
4. Sturdy outer packaging. Use rigid outer packaging
constructed of corrugated fiberboard, wood, metal or
plastic, appropriately sized for the contents. Limit the
total volume for liquid samples to 4 L and the total
weight of dried samples to 4 kg per outer container.
The minimum outer container size in the smallest
overall external dimension is 4". Completed packages
must be able to withstand a 4' (1.2-m) impact test as
outlined in IATA 6.6.1 regulations. Before sealing
the outer packaging, you must make an itemized list
of the contents of the package and enclose the list
“Biological Substance, Category B” must appear in 6-mm-high text on the outer
between the secondary packaging and outer packaging. package adjacent to a diamond-shaped mark like the one shown here. The
UN 3373 marking must be in the form of a square set at an angle of 45 degrees.
Each side of the UN 3373 diamond should measure a minimum of 2" (50 mm).
The width of the diamond rule line must be a minimum of 2 mm, and the letters
Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) and numbers must be at least 6 mm high.
Marking Requirements
• Clearly mark “Biological Substance, Category B” in Packaging Restrictions
6-mm-high text on the outer package adjacent to a • Foam boxes, plastic bags and paper envelopes are
properly sized UN 3373 diamond-shaped marking. If unacceptable outer containers.
you prefer, package markings may be in the form of
• The FedEx Envelope, FedEx Tube, FedEx Pak and FedEx
a label.
boxes are not acceptable as outer containers for
• The name and telephone number of a person Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) shipments.
responsible must be marked on the package or
• Shipments marked or labeled 6.2 (infectious materials)
provided on the airbill.
and shipments containing dry ice cannot be shipped in
• The name and address of the shipper and recipient a FedEx Clinical Pak.
must be marked on the package. However, when the
• Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) shipments
shipper or recipient is also the “person responsible,”
that are shipped refrigerated, frozen or in liquid
the name and address need only be marked once in
nitrogen must comply with current IATA and
order to satisfy the name and address provisions.
ICAO regulations.
• If you choose to place more than one properly prepared
• If you have questions about whether your samples
Biological Substance, Category B (UN 3373) shipment
require a biohazard label, consult the Occupational
in another outer package, mark “OVERPACK” on the
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the
outside packaging, and reproduce all other required
applicable regulations.
package markings on the outside of the overpack.
NOTE: Never place a Biological Substance, Category B
• If you are using a FedEx Clinical Pak with Biological
(UN 3373) shipment in a FedEx Express Drop Box. Call
Substance, Category B (UN 3373) shipments, check the
1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339 to be directed to a FedEx
applicable box on the outside of the pak.
location that can accept these shipments.


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