The document provides information on various topics related to Ethiopia. It discusses the native peoples including the Oromo and Amhara; ancient ruins such as Aksum; Ethiopia's history of independence; its federal parliamentary republic government; agriculture-based economy; tourism opportunities like Simien Mountains National Park; and cuisine including injera bread.

1. Ethiopia
by: Y. Oliver

2. Native People
 The native people of Ethiopia include the
Oromo, Amhara, Somali, Tigray, Sidama, Gurage,
Welayta, Hadiya, Afar, Gamo, and Gedeo.
 Currently, nearly 100% of the population is native.
 Some of the ancient ruins include the Ruins of
Aksum.

3. The Ruins of Aksum
 They are the ruins of the ancient city of
Aksum, located near Ethiopia’s northern border.
 The ruins date from the 1st to 12th century CE.
 The ruins include monolithic obelisks, giant
stelae, royal tombs, and ancient castles.
 It declined politically in the 10th century CE, but
Ethiopian emperors continued to be crowned there.

4. Colonization
 Ethiopia is considered to never have been colonized.
Since it has never been a colony, it didn’t gain
independence from anyone.
 Ethiopia became an independent nation in 1137, and
the current constitution was established in 1991.

5. Government
 Ethiopia is a Federal parliamentary republic. In
fact, the full name of the nation of Ethiopia is the
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
 Everyone in Ethiopia is friendly (well, at
least, mostly everyone), so it is therefore safe.

6. Economy
 Ethiopia’s GDP per capita is $1,092. That is one of the lowest in the world.
 The GDP total is $94.878 billion.
 The currency in Ethiopia is Birr. 17 Birr is the equivalent of 1 U.S. Dollar.
 Agriculture is accountable 41% of economy and accounts for 85% of employment in
Ethiopia.
 The major export crop in coffee.
 13% of economy is from industry, 46% is from the service industry.
 The poverty rate is 29.2%.
 Some of the industries of Ethiopia include food
processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, and cement.
 No oil production, yet they use approx. 47,000 barrels a day.

7. Economy (continued)
 Ethiopia and Eritrea were at war for a long time and
Eritrea took all of Ethiopia’s remaining coastline.
Now Ethiopia’s only port is in Djibouti, and the
road to Djibouti is two lanes. Nearly all of Ethiopia’s
imports and exports are transported on the little
road in tons of diesel trucks.
And this is the good part!

8. Climate/Topography
 The landscape of Ethiopia includes mountains,
dissected plateaus, the Great Rift Valley, lowlands,
steeps, and semi-desert. Basically, the landscape is
very diverse.
 The best time to visit Ethiopia climate wise is the
dry season, which is September to February or May.

9. Tourism
 Sports of Ethiopia include soccer and athletics.
Ethiopia is also famous for its world-class runners.
 Places to go include Simien Mountains National
Park, Lalibela, and the Tombs of Kings Kaleb and
Gebre Meskel.
 Also, Ethiopian food is amazing!!!

10. Simien Mountains
National Park
 This national park has excellent trekking, amazing
views, and a large variety of wildlife.
 The wildlife of this park includes walia ibexs, gelada
baboons, Ethiopian wolves, rock
hyraxes, jackals, bushbucks, klipspringers, thick-
billed raven, black-headed siskin, white-collared
pigeons, white-billed starlings, wattled ibis, spot-
breasted plover, white-backed black tit, and
Ankober seedeater/serin.

11. Lalibela
 Lalibela is a collection of 11 churches. Not just any
churches, churches carved out of the ground! Yes, you heard me
right, out of the ground!!! Of course they are therefor at the
bottom of a pit, with their roofs at ground level. They are actual
buildings that you can go inside, not something like earthen
platform mounds. From a birds eye view, the look like giant red
stone crosses. They have been kept by generations of priests who
protect their treasures (such as illuminated Bibles, illustrated
manuscripts, and ornamented crosses.
 Lalibela is located about halfway between Addis Ababa (the
capital) and the northern part of the boarder.
 The altitude of Lalibela is 2,630 meters, or 8629 feet, above sea
level.
 The admission is 100 Birr, the equivalent of nearly 6 U.S. Dollars.

12. Food/Drink
 Some Ethiopian food includes Doro wat, shiro wat, beef
fillet tibs (one of my personal favorites), lamb
tibs, kitfo, eggs, avocado juice (which my mom
likes), Tej, fresh fruit juices, Ethiopian beer, many
vegetables (especially onion, tomato, garlic, and
peppers), NO pork or shellfish, and tihlo.
 All of the food is served upon injera, a
flat, sourdough, pancake-like bread made from tef (a
grain indigenous to Ethiopia) as well as other
ingredients. Injera is also used as an edible utensil by
scooping up and eating the food along with the injera

13. Other Facts
 The national language of Ethiopia is Amharic, but
many people there also speak English.
 There are 82 other languages spoken in Ethiopia.
 The characters in Amharic go by syllable.
 Ethiopia is set at a very high altitude, so altitude
sickness in tourists is somewhat common.
 The time is 11 hours ahead of Kodiak, so some
major jet lag may occur.

14. The Ethiopian Location of
flag. Ethiopia on
globe
The Simien
Mountains. Me eating
beef fillet tibs

15. One of the Lalibela A dish of injera with
churches. various foods.
Some Ethiopians travel by
horse-drawn carriage.

16. There is sometimes
cattle being herded in An example of some
the middle of the city. Ethiopian housing.
Another example of
some housing.

17. My brother and I.
I’m learning about Ethiopia for it is my brother’s homeland.

18. References
 Wikipedia.com
 Wiki Answers
 Yahoo Answers
 Lonely Planet
 CIA
 Google Maps
 visualgeography.com
 My mom
 My nana