plagiarism, APA citation

1. TSEM:
Plagiarism and
APA Style
Laksamee Putnam – Research &
Instruction Librarian
Slides:
http://bit.ly/tsemthompsonsp16c1
Please login to a computer and
go to this URL

2. First…
 Laksamee Putnam
 lputnam@towson.edu
 Cook Library Reference:
 410.704.2462.
 IM/email
 Phone: 410.704.3746.
 Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
 Albert S. Cook Facebook profile

3. Agenda
 Class discussion
 APA citation style
 APA worksheet

4. It’s out there, why not reuse it?
ImagebyDuaneHoffmann
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32657885
Sydell. L. (2015) Online stars feel cheated
as YouTube/Facebook battle over videos.
All Tech Considered/Morning Edition.
http://bit.ly/youtubevsfacebookvideo
Lang, J.M. (2015) Cheating inadvertently.
The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/article/Cheating-
Inadvertently/229883/
Godin, S. (2014) Why I want you to steal
my ideas. ideas.ted.com Retrieved from
http://ideas.ted.com/2014/02/03/the-big-
mistake-we-all-make-about-ideas/
• What is your definition of
plagiarism?
• What makes some
plagiarism “wrong” or
“right”?

5. APA Style
 Citations

6. APA Style
 References

7. Style Manuals
 Different disciplines use different
style manuals
 Social Sciences = American
Psychological Association (APA)
 Humanities = MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers (MLA)

8. The point is…
 Acknowledge where you found the
information
 Briefly identify the source
 Allows others to find additional information

9. What needs to be cited?
 Books
 Web Pages
 Magazine articles
 Graphics
 VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
 Government reports
 Statistics
 Encyclopedia articles
 Any source of information!

10. What needs to be cited?
 Direct quotes
 Ideas borrowed
 Paraphrased material

11. In-text Citation needs:
 Direct Quote
 All authors’ last names
 Year of publication
 Page number
 Paraphrase
 All authors’ last names
 Year of publication

12. Direct Quote: In-text citation
 As researchers Yanovski and Yanovski (2002)
have explained, obesity was once considered
“either a moral failing or evidence of
underlying psychopathology” (p. 592).
OR
 A relationship is defined as “the
interdependence between two or more
people” (Coombs, 2001, p.106).

13. Direct Quote: In-text citation
 Longer than 40 words?
 Indented five spaces from left margin in block
format
 Usually it is better to paraphrase

14. The wrong way to paraphrase:
Failure to Cite Source
 Original
 “They desire, for
example, virtue and
the absence of vice, no
less really than
pleasure and the
absence of pain.”
 Source: Mill, John Stuart.
“Utilitarianism.” On Liberty and Other
Essays. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1998. Quote is from page
169.
 Paraphrase
 People want morality
just as much as they
want happiness.

15. The wrong way to paraphrase:
Lack of Significant Rewording
 Original
 “To the young
American architects
who made the
pilgrimage, the most
dazzling figure of all
was Walter Gropius,
founder of the
Bauhaus School.”
 Source: Wolfe, Tom. From Bauhaus to
Our House. New York: Farrar Straus
Giroux, 1981. Quote is from page 10.
 Paraphrase
 To young American
architects who went to
Germany, the most
dazzling figure was
Walter Gropius,
founder of the
Bauhaus School
(Wolfe, 1981).

16. In-text Citations
 More than one author
 Two authors
 Greenfield and Savage (1990)
 (Greenfield & Savage, 1990, p. 567)
 Three to five authors
 You must first identify all of the authors either in the signal phrase or the first
citation.
 Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) believed…
 (Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, & Bever, 1979)
 After you have identified all, you may use “et al.”
 Terrace et al. (1979) stated……
 (Terrace et al., 1979)
 Six or more authors
 Use first authors last name and then et al.

17. In-text Citations
 Organization as author
 Government or other organization
 Use organization name as author in signal
phrase
 Use organization in parenthetical citation
 The National Institute of Mental Health (2001)…
 (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001)

18. Special cases
 If you have more than one author with the
same last name, use the first initial in the
citation
 (Smith, A., 2002)
 If you have more than one work in the same
year by the same author, use letters a, b, c,
etc. to indicate correct source
 (Entman, 2004a)

19. References
 The in-text citation must match up with the references entry
 Use the heading “References” at the top of a new page
 List entries alphabetically
 Author’s last name (if no author, then by organization name or
title)
 Double space each entry
 No extra spaces between entries
 If over one line, entry should have a hanging indent

21. References - Website
 Create a reference for this website
 Author or sponsoring organization:
 Last update or Copyright date?:
 Title of page:
 Format if applicable:
 Retrieved from:

22. References - Website
 Create a reference for this website
 Author or sponsoring organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services
 Last update or Copyright date?: (n.d.).
 Title of page: What is cyberbullying.
 Format if applicable:
 Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-
it/index.html

23. Website example
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.).
What is cyberbullying. Retrieved from
http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-
it/index.html
Notes:
1. If you can’t find a date n.d. is inserted as an abbreviation for No Date
2. Title of page should be italicized for a web video or a standalone item such as a
report or brochure
3. Format is inserted between [brackets] and can be used for [Video file] [Brochure]
etc.
4. Date retrieved is only required if content is likely to change

24. References – Books
 Create a reference for this book
 Book authors or editors:
 Last name
 First letter of first name and middle initial
 Date of publication:
 Book Title:
 Publication information:
 City and state
 Publisher

25. References – Books
 Create a reference for this book
 Book authors or editors: Grant, J.
 Date of publication: (1994).
 Book Title: I hate school!: Some common sense
answers for educators & parents who want to
know why & what to do about it
 Publication information: Rosemont, NJ: Modern
Learning Press.

26. Book Example
Grant, J. (1994). I hate school!: Some common sense
answers for educators & parents who want to know
why & what to do about it. Rosemont, NJ: Modern
Learning Press.
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s name and middle initial, publication date,
book title, and publisher.
2. Book title is always in italics.
3. Only capitalize the first letter of book title, any letter following a colon (:), and
proper nouns.

27. References – Journals
 Create a reference for this journal article
 Article author:
 Last name
 First letter of first name and middle initial
 Date of publication:
 Article title:
 Periodical title:
 Publication information:
 Volume number and issue number (if available)
 Page numbers
 Digital Object Identifier number:

28. References – Journals
 Create a reference for this journal article
 Article author: Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A.
 Date of publication: (2011).
 Article title: Atom surprise: Using theatre in primary science
education.
 Periodical title: Journal of Science Education & Technology,
 Publication information: 20(5), 508-524.
 Digital Object Identifier number: doi:10.1007/s10956-011-
9299-yx

29. Journal Example
Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A. (2011). Atom surprise: Using theatre in
primary science education. Journal of Science Education &
Technology, 20(5), 508-524. doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9299-y
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s first and middle initial, publication date,
article title, and publication information.
2. A comma will follow the author’s last name, first initial (if more than one author),
journal title and volume number.
3. Article title is never italicized – always written normal.
4. Always italicize: journal title, volume number, and the commas before and after
volume number. Journal title follows capitol case lettering.
5. Only capitalize the first letter of article title, any letter following a colon (:), and
proper nouns.
6. Place a space between author first name and middle initial

30. Journal Articles Extra Info
 Articles retrieved from a database such as
EBSCO or PsycINFO do not need to include
database information
 Articles not including a doi number should
contain the journal URL after the page
numbers such as
 Retrieved from http://js.sagamorepub.com/pe

31. Library Resources for APA

32. Citations Relay
 Rules:
 Only one person from each team maybe writing on
the board
 No corrections until after designated writer is
finished and the judge has checked the citation
 No cheating and using the built in citation creator!!!
 First team to complete the citation correctly wins!

33. Round 1 – Books
 Create the full APA reference for this book
 http://bit.ly/round1relay

34. Round 2 – Journal Article
 Create a full APA reference for this article
 http://bit.ly/round2relay

35. Practice creating citations
 Go here to practice more citations
 http://bit.ly/1UO9ZmP
 Please ask if you have questions!
 Please provide feedback for the library
sessions here
 http://bit.ly/TUlibraryfeedback

36. Questions?
 Feel free to contact me:
 Laksamee Putnam
 lputnam@towson.edu
 410.704.3746.
 Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
 Or any reference librarian:
 Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
 410.704.2462.
 IM – tucookchat