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Anna Shipman
Technical Architect
Government Digital Service
@annashipman
The Government
Digital Service
We are a unit of government
within the UK’s Cabinet Office
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
We started
with GOV.UK
GDS@annashipman
The best
place to find
government
services and
information
We’re not just fixing websites
GDS@annashipman
We also work with departments to
transform digital services
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
There are over 800 services
GDS@annashipman
We need to look at the
common problems
GDS@annashipman
And the most common problem
is hosting
GDS@annashipman
Platform as a
Service
I probably don’t need to explain PaaS
to you
GDS@annashipman
Here is the slide we’re using to explain the
idea in government
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
This detracts from the time teams can
spend on their main expertise
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
Additional thing for government:
procurement is hard
GDS@annashipman
Our initial thoughts
Self-service
GDS@annashipman
Self-service
So infrastructure team don’t just do admin
GDS@annashipman
Support model
GDS@annashipman
Support model
App developers on-call for their apps
GDS@annashipman
Support model
App developers on-call for their apps
Platform team on-call for platform
GDS@annashipman
Support model
App developers on-call for their apps
Platform team on-call for platform
No runbooks
GDS@annashipman
Support model
App developers on-call for their apps
Platform team on-call for platform
No runbooks
Better experience for the end-user
GDS@annashipman
Multi-tenancy
GDS@annashipman
Multi-tenancy
Granularity of user permissions
GDS@annashipman
Multi-tenancy
Granularity of user permissions
Handling resource contention
GDS@annashipman
Multi-tenancy
Granularity of user permissions
Handling resource contention
Isolation from other tenants
GDS@annashipman
Multiple cloud providers
GDS@annashipman
Multiple cloud providers
To avoid vendor lock-in
GDS@annashipman
Multiple cloud providers
To avoid vendor lock-in
Difficult to add later
GDS@annashipman
Multiple cloud providers
To avoid vendor lock-in
Difficult to add later
Details of how unclear at this stage
hot/hot? hot/warm?
GDS@annashipman
What we’ve done
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
We decided to use Tsuru for the
initial prototype
GDS@annashipman
Showed it to users in government to
get feedback
GDS@annashipman
Meanwhile building same functionality in
Cloud Foundry to compare
GDS@annashipman
We haven’t worked out which is most
suitable for us yet
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman
That’s not what I want to talk about now
GDS@annashipman
Though if these are problems that interest
you, we are hiring!
https://gds.blog.gov.uk/jobs/@annashipman
What we’ve
learned from users
They definitely like the idea of a PaaS
GDS@annashipman
Self-service is good for both sides
GDS@annashipman
Multi-tenancy is important
GDS@annashipman
Support model had buy-in
GDS@annashipman
But the feedback from users on multiple
cloud providers was not what we expected
GDS@annashipman
None of our users wanted it
GDS@annashipman
And it’s very hard
GDS@annashipman
Lowest common denominator
GDS@annashipman
Google Compute Engine doesn’t have
internal load balancers
GDS@annashipman
Can’t take advantage of cool features of all
the providers
GDS@annashipman
We were conflating resilience with
commercial concerns
GDS@annashipman
Users still have a need to avoid being
locked in to one vendor
GDS@annashipman
We are now looking at other ways to
address that
GDS@annashipman
What we’ve
learned about PaaS
I no longer think we just need to sit tight
for two years
GDS@annashipman
Fast growing field but it’s diversifying
GDS@annashipman
For example, virtualisation vs hardware
GDS@annashipman
Only some will support multi-tenancy
GDS@annashipman
And we now know multi-tenancy is
important to our users
GDS@annashipman
GDS@annashipman@annashipman https://www.gov.uk/design-principles
The most
important thing...
Make sure you understand what your
users need
GDS@annashipman
Thanks!
Anna Shipman
@annashipman

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A PaaS for government