1. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
OFF STREET PARKINGOFF STREET PARKING
PREPARED BY :-
Ankit shingala
(146200306094)
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC RAJKOT
2. INTRODUCTION
• What is parking ?
Parking is the act of stopping and
disengaging a vehicle and leaving it
unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides
of a road is often permitted, though
sometimes with restrictions. Some
buildings have parking facilities for use of
the buildings' users.
Countries and local governments have rules
for design and use of parking spaces.
3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF OFF STREET
PARKING
Off street parking means vehicles are parked off the street itself. This will be
usually controlled by commercial agencies itself.
Different types of off street parking as follows…….
1.Surface car parks
2.Multi story car parks
3.Roof parks
4.Mechanical car parks
5.Underground car parks
4. 1. SURFACE CAR PARKS
• A parking lot, also known as a car lot, is a
cleared area that is intended for parking
vehicles. Usually, the term refers to a
dedicated area that has been provided with
a durable or semi-durable surface. In most
countries where cars are the dominant
mode of transportation, parking lots are a
feature of every city and suburban area.
Shopping malls, sports stadiums,
megachurches and similar venues often
feature parking lots of immense area.
5. • This types of parking lots are provided in open grounds or near to office
complex or near super market.
• As per conditions in india the size of parking stole is 2.5 m by 5 m.
• If there is a condition to pay for park then there should be arrangement to take
payment.
• Many municipalities require a minimum number of parking spaces, depending
on the floor area in a store or the number of bedrooms in an apartment
complex. Parking minimums are also set for parallel, pull-in, or diagonal
parking, depending on what types of vehicles are allowed to park in the lot or a
particular section of it.
• Modern parking lots use a variety of technologies to help motorists find
unoccupied parking spaces using parking guidance and information system,
retrieve their vehicles, and improve their experience. This includes adaptive
lighting, sensors, indoor positioning system (IPS) and mobile payment options
6. 2. MULTI STORY CAR PARKING
• It is a building (or part there hereof) which is
designed specifically to be for Automobile
Parking and where there are a number of
floors or levels on which parking takes place.
• In general this kind of car parks are designed
for 400 to 500 cars in india.
• Multi story car parks need a short parts of
land so the land will be consumed for others
good purposes.
• Sometimes by constructing this parking in
basement could save lot more land.
7. Rules for multi story car parks …………………………………..
Gradient of ramp = 1 in 10
Clear floor height = 2.1m
Parking stall dimensions = 2.5m × 5m
Inside radius of curve = 7m
Width of traffic lane = 3.75m
Gradient of sloping floor = 1 in 20
Loading standards = 400 kg/m2
some good things about this parking…………………………..
• Reduced total cost of ownership.
• Environmental friendly as ramps are avoided.
• Higher throughput and faster operations (capability to handle 40 to 60 cars an
hour)
8. 3. ROOF PARKING
• In some cities because 0f less land
space, cars are parked on roof tops of
buildings and complexes.
• To take vehicles to top there is a
arrangement like ramp or mechanical
lifts.
• For this kind of parking the building and
roof should be designed as per design
standards requirements.
• Public can get their own parking and
can save money from spending them
on payed parking.
9. 4. MECHANICAL CAR PARKS
• An automated (car) parking system (APS) is a
mechanical system designed to minimize the area
and/or volume required for parking cars. Like a
multi-story parking garage, an APS provides parking
for cars on multiple levels stacked vertically to
maximize the number of parking spaces while
minimizing land usage. The APS, however, utilizes a
mechanical system to transport cars to and from
parking spaces (rather than the driver) in order to
eliminate much of the space wasted in a multi-story
parking garage.
10. • All APS take advantage of a common concept to decrease the area of parking
spaces - removing the driver and passengers from the car before it is parked.
With either fully automated or semi-automated APS, the car is driven up to an
entry point to the APS and the driver and passengers exit the car. The car is
then moved automatically or semi-automatically (with some attendant action
required) to its parking space.
• Most problems with automated parking garages are not of technical nature.
Architects can be blinded by the large number of cars on very limited space and
decide to use mechanical parking system, though they are not suitable for their
specific application. And manufacturers are sometimes happy to make a sale,
even though they should consult their customers better. So the main reason for
dissatisfied customers is the result of bad planning.
• By virtue of their relatively smaller volume and mechanized parking systems,
APS are often used in locations where a multi-story parking garage would be
too large, too costly or impractical. Examples of such applications include,
under or inside existing or new structures, between existing structures and in
irregularly shaped areas.
12. 5. UNDERGROUND CAR PARKS
• The term parking structure is used, especially when it is necessary to distinguish such
a structure from the garage in a house and that can be underground.
• The main advantage of this type of parking is it doesn’t affects the external look of
such place or structure.
• The best example of underground parking in india is in konak-delhi.
• Underground parking can be constructed in basement of any multy story building or
complex.
• The main problem in construction in this kind of parking facilities is, it requires a
retaining walls, ventilation and lighting and also initial cost is high.
• Also slopes for rain water output and ramp and such kind of mechanical lifts to carry
vehicles to the parking stall.
