information about the brain fingerprinting technology . by EEG method by neuron firing and impulse of brain wave.P300 mean is 300-1000 m-sec brain wave, is better tech. than the polygraph test and other than than PET test. is basically depand the brain wave. is not the depand on the emotions and the pulse rate
2. Introduction
Brain fingerprinting was invented by Dr. Lawrence farwell.
Brain Fingerprinting technology is based on an electrical signal
known as MERMER.
Farwell's brain fingerprinting originally used the well-
known P300 brain response to detect the brain's recognition of
the known information.
3. • Farwell Brain Fingerprinting technology is a new scientific technology to
detect whether specific information is stored in a person’s brain. This
technology can provide evidence to identify criminals and terrorists
accurately and scientifically.
• Brain Fingerprinting testing measures brainwave responses to crime-
relevant or terrorism-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer
screen.
• To date, Brain Fingerprinting testing has not resulted in any incorrect
determinations – there have been no false positives or false negatives. It
has provided highly accurate results in over 200 tests, including tests on FBI
agents and tests sponsored by the CIA and the US Navy.
• Brain Fingerprinting testing has been ruled admissible in court in a murder
case.
4. Principle
Every time a crime is commented the best record o the brain of
the perpetrator.
The memory centers of the human brain respond to the sight of
familiar stimuli with a distinct change in electrical activity which
is called as a MERMER.
When the subject see anything on the screen it creates a
pattern of the brain activity.
5. Mermer mythology
• Farwell discovered the P300-MERMER (memory & encoding
related multifaceted electrocephalographic response.
• A MERMER is an electric signals which is the part of the
brainwave observed in response to familiar information.
• When the brain recognize something hand there is increased in
neuron activity so elicit some changes in brainwave signals.
6. Conti…..
A suspect is tested by looking at three kinds of information
represented by different colored lines:
Red: Information the suspect is expected to know(target).
Green: Information not known to suspect(irrelevant).
Blue: Information of the crime that only suspect would
know(probe).
7. Working
• To determine if a subject was present or has specific
knowledge concerning a crime words or pictures
relevant to that crime are flashed on a computer
screen.
• Three types of stimuli are used during the process.
1. Probe
2. Target
3. Irreverent stimuli
8. Types of Stimuli Used
• Probes
– Life-experience related
– Relevant to the investigated event -recognizable and noteworthy only
for the subjects who had participated in the event (MERMER)
– Indistinguishable from the Irrelevants for a subject who is not
knowledgeable about the situation under investigation
• Targets
– Push a button to indicate known image
– Since the relatively rare Targets are singled out in the task being
performed, the Targets are noteworthy for the subject, and each Target
stimulus elicits a MERMER
• Irrelevant Stimuli
– information relevant to the crime that the suspect claims to have no
knowledge of
11. Operating Mechanism
Picture/word
shown to an
individual
(Stimulus)
Triggers neurons
of brain
Generates
brainwave
(P300)
Electrical
Potentials
Accumulate in
brain
(MERMER)
Headgear fitted
with
Electrodes placed
on scalp
P300 –
MERMER
(an scalp ERP
EEG)
Measures
brainwaves
Generates analog
signals
EEG
amplifier
Found Guilty/
Not guilty the data
Using a
computer
program
Study
12. WHAT IS EEG?
Electroencephalography (EEG)
is the recording of electrical
activity along the scalp.
EEG measures voltage
fluctuations resulting from
activation of neurons of the brain.
In this way, in our technique we
use EEG sensors to detect
brainwaves.
13. • The neurons in the brain fire electrically, forming a vast network of
electrical potential conduits.
• Electroencephalography (EEG) involves the measurement of these
patterns of electrical voltage changes that originate in the brain.
• These measurements are made non-invasively from the scalp.
• When the brain conducts certain tasks, specific patterns of EEG (or
“brainwave”) activity are produced.
14. Phases of Brain
Fingerprinting
There are four stages to Brain Fingerprinting:
1. Crime Scene Evidence Collection: Gathering evidences from crime
scenes.
2. Brain Evidence Collection: A specialist checks whether the crime scene
evidence matches evidence stored in brain.
3. Computer Evidence Analysis: Computerized analysis is done on the brain
evidences and statistical methods are applied to move to the next phase.
4. Scientific Result: Finding whether the person is guilty or not guilty.
15. • The entire Brain Fingerprinting System is under computer control.
The computer control includes:
Presentation of the stimuli
Recording of electrical brain activity
Mathematical data analysis algorithm that compares the responses
of the 3 stimulus
Determination of information present or information absent
16. Features & Applications
Brain fingerprinting" is a computer-based test that is designed to discover, document,
and provide evidence of guilty knowledge regarding crimes, and to identify
individuals with a specific training or expertise such as members of dormant terrorist
cells or bomb makers. The National Security is one of the applications regarding this.
It has also been used to evaluate brain functioning as a means of early detection of
Alzheimer's and other cognitively degenerative diseases, and to evaluate the
effectiveness of advertising by measuring brain responses. It is applied in the
Medical field.
Basically Brain fingerprinting is not lie detection. It is different from polygraph(lie-
detector), which measures emotion-based physiological signals such as heart rate,
sweating and blood pressure
It can help solve crimes.
17. Limitations
Brain fingerprinting detects information-
processing brain responses that reveal
what information is stored in the
subject's brain. It does not detect how
that information got there.
Brain fingerprinting does not detect lies.
It simply detects information. No
questions are asked or answered during
a brain fingerprinting test.
