1. Any Object that is given an initial velocity at
any angle and that subsequently follows a
path determined by gravitational forcepath determined by gravitational force
acting on it is called a PROJECTILE

2. • We started off with a bunch of discarded
wood, some pieces of steel and lots of old
and rusted nails.
• Out of this we built a nice looking launch• Out of this we built a nice looking launch
pad with adjustable angle, an attached
elastic to adjust speed, and a rocket-like
projectile to give the “Effect”!!

4. Angle (deg) Velocity (m/s) Range (mtr.)
30 9.1 7.4
We launched projectile at different angles and
velocities. The observations are given on next slide
30 4.56 1.95
45 4.56 2.3
45 6.82 4.9
60 4.56 1.8

5. • The projectile has both a vertical and horizontal componentsThe projectile has both a vertical and horizontal componentsThe projectile has both a vertical and horizontal componentsThe projectile has both a vertical and horizontal components
of velocityof velocityof velocityof velocity
• The only force acting on the projectile once it is shot is gravityThe only force acting on the projectile once it is shot is gravityThe only force acting on the projectile once it is shot is gravityThe only force acting on the projectile once it is shot is gravity
(neglecting air resistance)(neglecting air resistance)(neglecting air resistance)(neglecting air resistance)
• At all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/sAt all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/sAt all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/sAt all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/s2222• At all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/sAt all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/sAt all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/sAt all times the acceleration of the projectile is g = 10 m/s
downwarddownwarddownwarddownward
• The horizontal velocity of the projectile does not changeThe horizontal velocity of the projectile does not changeThe horizontal velocity of the projectile does not changeThe horizontal velocity of the projectile does not change
throughout the paththroughout the paththroughout the paththroughout the path
• The Vertical velocity of the projectile reduces on its upwardThe Vertical velocity of the projectile reduces on its upwardThe Vertical velocity of the projectile reduces on its upwardThe Vertical velocity of the projectile reduces on its upward
path and increases in the opposite direction on its downwardpath and increases in the opposite direction on its downwardpath and increases in the opposite direction on its downwardpath and increases in the opposite direction on its downward
pathpathpathpath

6. ANGLE
Height increases with increase in Angle.
Range increases till 45deg. and there onRange increases till 45deg. and there on
decreases.
(NOTE: 0 < = Angle < = 90)
Range is same in case of complementary
angles

7. INITIAL VELOCITY
Range increases with increase in Velocity.
Height increases with increase in Velocity.Height increases with increase in Velocity.
At the maximum height the vertical velocity is 0.

8. GRAVITY
Maximum Height of the projectile is inversely
Proportional to Gravitational AccelerationProportional to Gravitational Acceleration
Time of Flight is inversely Proportional to
Gravitational Acceleration.
Range is inversely Proportional to Gravitational
Acceleration.

9. DRAG
Increase in Drag Co efficient decreases the range.
Increase in Drag Co efficient decreases the height.Increase in Drag Co efficient decreases the height.
The trajectory of the projectile doesn’t remain
parabolic.

10. • We can see that the horizontal
and vertical motions are
independent
• The red ball falls vertically• The red ball falls vertically
• The yellow ball was given a
kick to the right.
• They track each other
vertically step for step and hit
the ground at the same time

11. To verify that horizontal velocity
is constant in projectile motion weis constant in projectile motion we
shot a video of a ball in projectile
motion, and….

12. The video was separated into frames
as follows

13. In the previous six frames, the values for distance covered (x) in regular
intervals of time (t) were recorded as follows:
Distance Covered
(grid units)
Time(s)
From To
1.5 0 0.5
1.75 0.5 11.75 0.5 1
1.5 1 1.5
1.5 1.5 2
1.25 2 2.5
The constant horizontal velocity hence measured is 3 grid
units per second, i.e. constant velocity.