The document describes the anatomy of the lower limb. It discusses the major muscles and structures in the anterior compartment of the thigh, including the quadriceps femoris muscle which is the largest in the human body and acts to extend the knee. It also describes the ligamentum patellae, sartorius muscle, psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, adductor longus, and tensor fascia lata.

2. Quadruped to Biped

4. Parts of lower limb
* Gluteal region
* Between iliac crest
superiorly and gluteal fold
inferiorly
* Thigh
* Between hip and knee
* Leg
* Between knee and ankle
* Foot

6. Inguinal ligament
• Otherwise
– Paupart’s lig.
– Folded part of lower border of
Ext. obliqus abdominis
• Attachment
– Laterally
• ASIS
– Medially
• Pubic tubercle

8. Superficial fascia
• Near inguinal region
• Has 2 layers
– Superficial fatty
– Deep membranous
• Deep layer attaches to the
deep fascia
– From pubic tubercle
– For 8 cm laterally
– Corresponds to crease line of
hip joint
– Known as Holden’s line
Contains :
Cutaneous nerves
Superficial arteries
Termination of Great
saphenous vein
Superficial inguinal lymph
nodes

15. Great saphenous vein
• Pierces the Saphenous
opening and joins femoral
• 4 cm below and lateral to
pubic tubercle
• Gets 3 tributaries before
piercing saphenous opening
– Superficial epigastric
– Superficial external pudendal
– Superficial circumflex iliac

16. Superficial lymph nodes
• Arranged into 2 groups
– Horizontal group
• Just distal to the inguinal ligament
– Vertical group
• Along terminal great saphenous v.

17. Fascia lata
• Superiorly
– Ant. Sup. Iliac spine
– Inguinal lig.
– Pubic tubercle
• Inferiorly
– Front and sides of knee

18. Deep fascia –
Modifications
• Iliotibial tract
• Saphenous hiatus
• Falciform margin
• Cribriform fascia

20. Iliotibial tract
• Thickened lateral part of fascia lata
• Attachment
– Superiorly
• Iliac crest
– Inferiorly
• Ant. sur of lateral condyle of tibia
• Gives insertion to
– Tensor fascia lata
– Gluteus maximus

21. Saphenous hiatus

22. Saphenous opening (fossa ovalis)
• Gap in the fascia lata
– covered by loose
connective tissue called
– cribriform fascia
• Cribriform fascia is
pierced by
– Great Saphenous vein
– Superficial branches of
the femoral artery
– Lymphatics

23. Structures passing through saphenous
opening
• Great saphenous vein
• Superficial epigastric
art.
• Superficial external
pudendal art.
• Lymph vessels
connecting
– Superficial nodes with
deep nodes

24. Intermuscular septa
• Fascia lata
– Connected to the linea
aspera by
• Medial intermuscular
septum
• Lateral intermuscular
septum
• Posterior intermuscular
septum

25. Contents of Anterior Compartment of thigh
• Muscles
– Quadriceps femoris
– Articularis genu
– Sartorius
– Tensor fasciae lata
• Nerve
– Femoral
• Artery
– Femoral
Collectively, the quadriceps muscle is the
largest in the human body.
Its purpose is to extend the knee.

26. • Quadriceps Femoris
1) Vastus lateralis
2) Vastus medialis
3) Vastus intermedias
4) Rectus femoris
– O: Femur,
– I: Patellar ligament
– A: Knee extension
– N: Femoral n. (Post.
Div)
pg 299

27. Rectus femoris
– O:
• A.I.I.S.,
• Groove above
acetabulum
– I:
• Patellar ligament
– N:
• Femoral N (Post. Div)
– A:
• Knee extension
• Flexes thigh

28. Vastus lateralis
• O :
– upper end of intertrochanteric line
– Ant & low border of greater trochanter
– Lat margin of gluteal tuberosity
– Lat lip of linea aspera
• I :
– Lat. border of patella (through lig pat to
lat condyle of tibia)
• N S. : Femoral (Post. Div)
• Action : Extension of knee
vastus lateralis muscle is to extend the lower
leg and allow the body to rise up from a
squatting position

29. Vastus medialis
• O :
– Inter trochanteric line
– Spiral line
– Medial lip of linea aspera
– Medial supra condylar line
• I : medial border of patella
• N S. : Femoral (Post. Div)
• Action : Extension of knee

30. Vastus intermedius
• O : Ant & lat surface of shaft
• I : upper border of patella
• N S. : Femoral (Post. Div)
• Action : Extension of knee

31. • Vastus lateralis
-O –Greater trochanter and lateral
lip of linea aspera of femur
• Vastus medialis
-O – Intertrochanteric line and
medial lip of linea aspera of
femur
• Vastus intermedius
-O – Anterior and lateral surfaces
of body of femur
*Same for all 3
-I – base of patella
A – Extension of Knee

32. Ligamentum patellae
• Distal portion of the strong
quadriceps femoris tendon
• From lower end of patella to
tuberosity of tibia
• Pull of the quadriceps femoris
is transmitted to tibia

33. Articularis genu
• O:
– Ant sur lower part of
femur
• I:
– Upper part of synovial
membrane of knee joint
• A:
– Pulls synovial membrane
during knee extension

34. Sartorius
• O : Ant sup iliac spine
• I : Medial surface in
upper end of Tibia
• N S. : Femoral nerve
(Ant. Div)
• Action :
– Flexion of leg (knee)
– Flexion of thigh (hip)
– Abduction
– Lateral rotation
Upper part forms lateral boundary for femoral triangle
Middle third forms roof of the adductor canal

36. Psoas major
• O – Ant. surface of
transverse processes of
Lumbar vertebrae
• I – lesser trochanter of
femur
• N S – ventral rami of L
1,2 & 3
• Action – flexion of thigh

37. Iliacus
• O : Iliac fossa, Inner
lip of Iliac crest,
Sacrum (lat part)
• I : lesser trochanter
of femur
• N S. : Femoral nerve
• Action : Flexion of
thigh

38. • Iliopsoas
-

39. Pectineus
O - Superior ramus of
pubis
-I - Pectineal line of femur
-A – adducts and flexes
thigh
N: Femoral, obturator

40. • Adductor Longus
– O - Med portion of the
superior pubic ramus
– I - linea aspera of femur
– A - adducts, flexes, and
medially rotates the
femur
– Innervation: Obturator
nerve

41. Tensor fascia lata
• O : Ant part of outer lip of
iliac crest
• I : Into upper end of iliotibial
tract
• N S. : Sup gluteal nerve
• Actions :
– Maintain erect posture
– Extension of leg
– Medial rotation