3. CONTENT
Introduction
Goals of isolation
Methods of isolation
RUBBER DAM ISOLATION
OTHER ISOLATION TECHNIQUES
SALIVA EJECTORS
COTTON ROLLS AND CELLULOSE WAFERS
• Recent advances
• Summary
• Reference
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4. INTRODUCTION
Isolation of teeth is mandatory during all restorative procedures in
order to achieve the best possible result.
Cotton rolls ,saliva ejectors and rubber dam may be employed.
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6. GOALS OF ISOLATION
MOISTURE CONTROL
It refers to excluding sulcular fluids, saliva and gingival
bleeding from the operative field.
The rubber dam , suction device and absorbents are
various aids effective in moisture control.
Generally rubber dam is the recommended technique for
moisture control.
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7. ISOLATION FROM MOISTURE
DIRECT METHOD
• Rubber dam
• Cotton rolls and holders
• Suage pieces
• Absorbent wafers
• Suction devices
• Gingival retraction devices
INDIRECT METHOD
• Comfortable position and relaxed
surrounding to the patient
• Local anesthetics
• Drugs
Anti-sialagogues
Anti-anxiety drugs and muscle
relaxant
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8. RETRACTION AND ACCESSS
It provides maximal exposure of operating site and usually
involves having the patient maintain an open mouth.
Rubber dam, high-volume evacuator, absorbents , retraction cord ,
mouth prop and other isolating devices such as the Isolite are used.
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9. HARM PREVENTION
The same devices as that of moisture control and retraction are
used for harm prevention as well as for comfort of patient and
operator efficiency.
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10. METHODS OF ISOLATION
RUBBER DAM ISOLATION
Developed by SC Barnum,1864.
It eliminates saliva and retracts the soft tissue.
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11. ADVANTAGES
It provides a dry and clean operative field.
Improves access and visibility.
It potentially improved properties of restorative material.
It protects the patient from aspirating or swallowing small
instrument or debris associated with operative procedure.
It increases the quality and quantity of restorative service.
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13. INDICATIONS
In endodontic procedure to prevent aspiration or swallowing small
instruments and to avoid soft tissue contact with irrigants like sodium
hypochlorite.
During evacuation of deep caries.
During etching and bonding to ensure complete dryness.
To prevent damage to adjacent tissue during bleaching.
To control gingival hemorrhage and provide good retraction to gingival tissue
For high risk patients infected with HIV and Hepatitis B.
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14. CONTRAINDICATION
Teeth that has not erupted sufficiently
Some third molars
Extremely malpositioned teeth
Asthmatic patients with breathing problem
Patients with latex allergy
Non-latex rubber dam are available
polyvinyl and nitrile rubber
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18. RUBBER DAM EQUIPMENTS
RUBBER DAM MATERIAL
Available in various size and thickness
SIZE:
i. 5*5 Inch sheets
ii. 6*6 inch sheets
THICKNESS:
i. Thin(0.006 inch)
ii. Medium(0.008 inch)
iii. Heavy(0.010inch)
iv. Extra heavy(0.012 inch)
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19. • Light and darker dam material are available among which darker
color are generally preferred for contrast.
• A thicker dam is more useful in retracting tissue and more
resistant to tearing recommended for isolating class V lesions
in conjunction with certain retainer
• Thinner dam has advantage of passing through the contacts
easier , which is particularly helpful when contacts are tight.
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20. RUBBER DAM FRAME
It maintains borders of the dam in position.
It can be of two types:
Metallic: young holder
Non-metallic:
The Young holder is a U-shaped metal frame with small
metal projectors for securing the borders of the rubber dam.
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28. Based on clamps
Wingless
Winged
Its has anterior and lateral wings.
Clamps have traditionally been made from tempered carbon to
the recently stainless steel.
Non metallic clamps are now available which are made of
polycarbonate plastic.
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30. The jaws of the retainer should not extend beyond the
mesial and distal line angle of the tooth.
The bows of the retainer should be tied with dental
floss approx. 12 inches
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31. RUBBER DAM PUNCH
It is a precision instrument used to create precise
area of opening in the rubber dam material.
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33. RUBBER DAM TEMPLATE
A useful way to determine exactly where to punch the rubber dam
hole according to the position of the tooth
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34. HOLE SIZE AND POSITION
Holes should be punched by following the arch form
Smaller holes are used for incisors, canine and premolar
Larger holes for posterior tooth
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38. NAPKINS
It is placed between the rubber dam and the patients skin.
Improves patients comfort.
Acts as a cushion
Absorbs saliva seeping to corner of mouth
Convenient method of wiping patients lip
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42. ANCHORS
Used where retainers are contraindicated.
Materials such as:
Waxed dental tape(floss)
Small piece of rubber dam material
Rubber wedjet
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43. APPLICATION OF RUBBER DAM
ISOLATION
Testing and lubricating the proximal contact
Punching holes
Lubricating the dam
Selecting the retainer
Testing the stability of retainer
Applying napkin
Attaching the frame
Passing dam over posterior contact
Passing the septa through the contact with tape
Inverting dam interproximally
Check for access and visibility
Inserting wedges
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44. REMOVAL OF RUBBER DAM
Remove wedges or floss
Cut the inter dental dam by stretching buccally
Clamp and other retention aids are removed
Finally rubber dam along with frame is removed
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45. COTTON ROLL ISOLATION
Used as alternative when rubber dam application is
impractical or impossible.
Placing it in lingual vestibule for maxillary teeth and
placing it in vestibule and between the teeth and
tongue in mandibular teeth.
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47. OTHER ISOLATION TECHNIQUES
THROAT SHIELDS
Prevents aspirating or swallowing small objects is
present
It is important particularly when treating maxillary arch.
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48. HIGH VOLUME EVACUATORS AND SALIVA EJECTORS
Preferred for suction of both water and debris from
mouth.
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50. RETRACTION CORD
For accessibility to gingival and sub gingival area.
Controls sulcular seepage,hemorrhage
Resist excess restoration material into the gingival
sulcus.
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55. LINGUA FIX
Unique disposable saliva ejectors that isolates and
protects the tongue and evacuates fluid while maintaining a dry
work area.
Comfortable , no sharp edges or corners . Useful when
the assistant is not present.
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56. SUMMARY
Isolation is necessary in operative dentistry to get the best result
in the restorative procedure
Maintaining optimal moisture control is a necessary component
in the delivery of high quality operative dentistry.
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57. REFERENCE
Sturdivant's Arts and Science of Operative Dentistry
Clinical Operative Dentistry Principles And Practice- Ramya Raghu
Raghu Srinivasan
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