1. BY:- HINA KHALID

2.  Discrete period of time in which the person’s
behavior is dominated by either depressed or
manic mood.
Depression
Mania
Bipolar affective
disorder

3.  Condition of mental disturbance typically with
the lack of energy & difficulty in maintaining
concentration & interest in life .
“SIGNS N SYMPTOMS”
1. COGNITIVE:-
Poor concentration , indecisiveness , poor
self- esteem, suicidal thoughts, delusions .
2. PYHSIOLOGICAL & BEHAVIORAL:-
Sleep/appetite disturbances,
psychomotor problems, fatigue, loss of memory.
3. EMOTIONAL:-
Sadness, depressed mood, irritability,
anhedonia (loss of interest / pleasure in usual
activities)

4.  GENETIC COMPONENTS:-
_10-20% of life time risk of depression
o can affect personality
o Negative thinking
o Psychothmic personality
o Cognitive
o HPA( Hypo pituitary axis problem)
o Vulnerability(when a preexisting vulnerability, is
activated by stressful life events)
o Personality factors (Psychothymic personality)
o Early environment
o Social factors
o Neurobiological factors(monoamine hypothesis)

5. o Mild Depression:-
no pharmacotherapy, mild psychotherapy
o Moderate Depression:-
moderate pharmacotherapy & drugs .
o Severe Depression:-
Intense psychotherapy, drugs.

6.  “A distinct period of abnormally & persistently
elevated/ expansive mood, lasting at least one week”
 SIGNS N SYMPTOMS:-
 Inflated self-esteem
 decreased need for sleep(insomnia)
 more talkative than usual,laughter,jovial mode
 flight of ideas
 Distractibility
 Increase in activity directed at achieving goals
 Excessive involvement in dangerous activities (risk
taking
 Flertitious sort of atitude
 Speech volume /tone increased
 Restlessness
 Irratibility