Non-renewable energy resources are highly exploited which has led to environmental degradation.
In order to save our ‘Earth planet’, the solar, wind & hydro renewable energy resources are freely & abundantly available which are eco-friendly and cost- effective . Hence, it can be extensively utilized.
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION BY HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE (SOLAR, WIND & HYDRO)
1. ELECTRICAL POWER
GENERATION BY HYBRID
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
(SOLAR, WIND & HYDRO)
BY: AMOGHA.A.K.
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
2. • Introduction
• Problem Statement
• Need For Hybrid Renewable Energy
• Block Diagram
• Features of Hybrid Renewable Energy
• What is Hybrid Renewable Energy ?
• Construction & Working
• Design Criteria
• Cost Estimation
• Applications
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Future Scope
• Conclusion
• References
Contents
Wind Mill
Sun
Water
3. Non-renewable energy resources are highly
exploited which has led to environmental
degradation.
In order to save our ‘Earth planet’, the solar,
wind & hydro renewable energy resources are
freely & abundantly available which are eco-
friendly and cost- effective . Hence, it can be
extensively utilized.
Introduction
4. The growth demand for energy due to
industrialization.
Depletion of fossil-fuels.
Degradation of environment.
Non-accessibility of power supply lines at
remote places.
Usage of hybrid renewable energy eliminates
the above factors.
Problem Statement
5. Need For Hybrid Renewable Energy
•To have uninterrupted power supply.
•Due to increase in power demand.
•Eco-friendly.
6. Block Diagram of Hybrid Renewable
System(Solar, Wind & Hydro)
Solar
System
Wind
system
Hydro
System
Primary Load
Inverter
D
C
B
U
S
B
A
R
A
C
B
U
S
B
A
R
Charge
Controller
Rectifier Storage
Battery
Charge
Controller
DC - DC
AC-DC-AC
7. Solar energy is converted
into electrical energy.
Average Solar Radiation is
5.08 kWh/sq-m.
No negative impact.
Free of cost.
Free from pollution.
Features of Hybrid Renewable Solar
Energy
8. It converts Wind Energy into
Electrical energy.
Wind Power , Pw = ½ Aρv³
Where,
A= Capture Area in sq-m.
v = Wind Speed in m/s
ρ = Air Density, (1.225 Kg/m³).
Average Annual Wind Speed is
5 m/s.
Features of Hybrid Renewable Wind
Energy
Wind Turbine
9. It Converts Hydro-energy into
electrical energy.
Natural Resource freely available.
Hydro Power,
P = ρ q g h
where,
P = power available (W)
ρ = density (kg/m3) (~ 1000 kg/m3 for
water)
q = water flow (m3/s)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2)
h = falling height, head (m)
Features of Hybrid Renewable Hydro-
Energy
10. It involves more than one renewable energy source.
This provides continuous supply as it is hybrid
system .
Alternate systems can work in case of any
breakdown.
Easy to operate & maintain.
No recurring charges for fuel costs as it is based on
natural resources.
What is Hybrid Renewable Energy
System ?
11. Solar panel:
• It consists of PV cells which generate
electricity.
Charge controller:
• It charges the battery & protects
from over charging.
• DC to DC converter is provided to
boost the array voltage.
Battery:
• It stores the electrical energy .
Construction & Working of Solar
Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Solar Panel
Charge
Controller
DC Bus Bar
Storage
Battery
DC – DC
Converter
AC
Load
Inverter
AC Bus Bar
12. Construction & Working of Wind
Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Wind Turbine
• It converts wind’s kinetic energy into
mechanical energy . Later, this mechanical
energy is converted into electrical energy in
generator through gear mechanism.
Charge Controller
• It charges the battery & protects from over
charging.
Converter
• AC to DC to AC converter is provided to
condition and to adjust the voltage to Grid
voltage .
Battery: It stores the electrical energy .
Wind Turbine
Charge
Controller
AC Bus Bar
Storage
Battery
AC-DC –AC
Converter
A
C
L
o
a
d
Rectifier
DC Bus Bar
13. Construction & Working of Hydro
Hybrid Renewable Energy System
It consists of a Over head Water tank
connected to Hydro turbine which is
coupled to Generator.
When water falls on Hydro turbine,
the kinetic energy of water is
converted into mechanical energy, this
mechanical energy is converted into
electrical energy in generator.
A Rectifier is provided to convert the
AC to DC voltage.
Water Tank
Hydro Turbine Generator
DC Bus Bar
Storage
Battery
Rectifier A
C
L
O
A
D
AC Bus Bar
14. Design Criteria & Rating Of Solar
System For 1000 W Load
Load Estimated :1000W
Duration of operation:12 hr
Then Total Watts Required:1000x12 = 12,000
W-hr
Duration of Solar Panel Exposed to Sun:8 hr
Therefore Solar Panel Wattage 12,000W/ 8
hr = 1500W
Now, Number of Solar Panels required, if
150 W are to be used.
Number of Solar Panels:1500W/150W=10No.
Ratings
Solar
Panel
150
W
Input
Voltage
12V
Output
Freque
ncy
50/6
0Hz
Output
Current
10A
15. For Design of 1000W charge controller for
Solar & wind system.
Supply: P = V I
Where,
I is the expected Charging Current.
V is the Voltage of Battery = 12 V
P is the Power Supply Rating = 1,000 W.
Hence I = P/V = 1000 W/12 V = 83.3 A.
Since 83.3 A Charge Controllers are not
readily available in market . Hence 100 A
Charge Controller will be used.
Design Criteria of Charge Controller
for 1000 W Load
Ratings
Max.
Curre
nt
100A
Rated
Voltag
e
12V
16. Total Load P = 1000 W
Duration of Operation = 12 hr
Watt Hour Capacity = 1000 W x 12 hr = 12000W- hr.
To improve the life of battery , it is assumed that it
retains only quarter (¼) capacity,
i.e. 12,000/ ¼ = 48,000 W hr.
The choice of Battery depends on AH rating.
If we use 1500 AH rating with 12 V.
Then, 48,000 W hr
1,500 AH
i.e. We Require 32 Number of Batteries for 1000W .
Design Criteria of Storage Battery for
1000W Load
Ratings
Volta
ge
12V
Amp
ere-
Hour
1500
AH
Type Lead
17. Total load is 1000 W
The main component i.e. solar
panel is 1500W , it is safe &
advisable to use the higher wattage .
Hence ,1500 W is recommended in
order to prolong the life of Inverter.
Design Criteria of Inverter For 1000W
Load
Ratings
Output
Power
1500W
Input
Voltage
12V
Output
Frequen
cy
50/60Hz
Output
Current
10A
18. Design Criteria & Rating of Wind
Turbine for 1000 W Load
Total Load :1000W
Duration of operation:12 hr
Then Total Watt- hour
Required:1000x12=12,000 W-hr
Duration of Wind Turbine in
Operation:12 hr
Therefore ,Wind Turbine Wattage 12000
W/ 12 hr =1000 W
If 1kW Wind Turbines are to be used.
Number of Wind Turbine
Required:1kW/1kW = 1No.
Ratings
Rated
Power 1 KW
Rotor
Diameter
2.8 m
Blade
Number
3 pieces
Cut-in
Speed
3 m/s
Working
Wind
Speed
3-20 m/s
Rated Wind
Speed
9 m/s
Tower
Height
6 m
19. Design Criteria & Ratings of Hydro
Turbine for 1000 W Load
Total Load : 1000W
Duration of operation: 12 hr
Then Total Watts Required:
1000W x 12hr = 12000W-hr
Duration of Hydro Turbine in Operation:12 hr
Therefore Hydro Turbine Wattage 12000 W/
12 hr = 1000 W
If 1 kW Hydro- Turbine is used.
Then Number of Hydro- Turbine Required:
1kW/1kW = 1 No.
Ratings
Tank
Capacity
1000
liters
Water
Head
3 m
Water
Flow
0.03-0.
04
Output
Power
1 kW
Blade
Diameter
15 cm
𝑚3
/𝑠
20. Estimated cost for Solar system Rs. 39,000/-
Estimated cost for Wind system Rs . 13,000/-
Estimated cost for Hydro system
excluding over head tank. Rs. 7,500/-
Other accessories Rs. 94,500/-
Total Expenditure Rs. 1,54,000/-
Total monthly bill of average 200 units of one house, for 9
years.
i.e. 200 x 7.30 x 12 x 9 = Rs.1,57,680 /-
The cost incurred for Hybrid project can be recovered in 9
Cost Estimation for a Load of 1000W
21. Well suited for remote locations.
For additional requirement of Power demand.
It can be provided as a stand by facility.
It is well suited for places where continuous
supply is required.
Applications
22. Advantages of Solar System
Continuous Power Supply.
It can be set up at any remote location.
Pollution Free.
Freely available.
23. Advantages of Wind System
It can be harnessed during Day & Night.
Abundantly available everywhere.
It can be set up anywhere with sufficient
wind speed.
24. Advantages of Hydro System
Existing Overhead water tanks can be
utilized for Electric generation.
No Environment degradation.
Naturally available resource.
25. Sun energy is harnessed during day
time only.
Clouds reduce the sun energy
accumulation.
It requires regular cleaning of solar
panels .
Limitations of Solar System
26. Wind towers are susceptible during
hurricane & storm.
It has moving parts which requires
maintenance.
It requires skilled staff.
Limitations of Wind System
27. Availability of water is limited
during summer season.
It requires skilled staff for
monitoring turbine genarator.
Limitations of Hydro System
29. Future Scope
The geographical location of India has
enormous potential for harnessing solar, wind
& hydro energies .
More research is required to improve PV cells
efficiency for the solar energy.
30. Conclusion
Many villages can be lighted which are
at remote places.
It contributes for increase in demand of
electricity .
31. References
www.solarserver.com
www.windpower.org
http//:www.scientific.net
International Conference on System Science and Engineering
(ICSSE),Design a Hybrid Energy System for Household using
Small Vertical Wind Turbine,2017
International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering
and Technology ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 3, Issue 8, August
2016
