History of music

2. What is Music ?
 an artistic form of auditory communication
incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a
structured and continuous manner.
 the sounds produced by singers or musical
instruments.

3. One True Definition of Music !
“music is universal and yet it is also relative and
subjective.”

4.  Music is the singing of the birds ….

5.  the whistling of a boy as he’s walking ….

6.  the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the
keys of a piano.

7. Origin of Music (History)
 Six periods of music
 Each period has a particular style of music
that greatly contributed to what music is
today

8. 1
• Medieval, Middle Ages (500-1400)
2
• Renaissance (1400-1600)
3
• Baroque (1600-1760)
4
• Classical (1730-1820)
5
• Romantic (1815-1910)
6
• 20th Century (1900-2000)
Origin of Music (History)

9. Structure
 Music Timeline Introduction
 Music Forms and Styles
 Musical Instruments

10. Medieval Ages
Music Timeline (500-1400)
Pic Credit - Replica of the helmet found at Sutton Hoo, in the burial of an Anglo-Saxon leader, probably a king, about 620
in the Early MiddleAges[1]

11. Medieval Music Timeline
 musical notation began as well as the birth of
polyphony
Early music notation

12. Monophonic and Polyphonic
 Remarkable continuity : categorized into
monophonic and polyphonic styles
 monophonic means one note at a time while
polyphonic two or more different notes at
the same time.

13. Plainchant (Plain Song)
 a form of medieval church music that
involves chanting
 Emerged around 100 A.D
 Only type of music allowed in Christian
churches early on
 it was believed that music should make a
listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and
reflections

14. The Introit, scripted in “neumes” in the 14th—15th century

15. Gregorian Chant

16. The Beginning of Polyphony
 a characteristic of Western music based on
plainchant
 improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis
on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G)
intervals

17. the start of polyphony wherein several musical
lines were combined

18.  As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony
became more elaborate and complex

19. The Lute
 is shaped like a pear
 a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose
pattern
 strings that varied in numbers
 early lute is the peg box which was angled back

20. Renaissance
Music Timeline (1400-1600)
 Renaissance or "rebirth," a period of significant changes in
history, including music

21. Humanism in Music
 A new philosophy called “humanism” developed
in Italy
 It emphasized that life should be viewed as a
preparation for death

22.  Dutch composers and musicians
were arranged to teach and
perform in Italian courts
 the invention of printing helped
spread these new ideas

23. Instrumental Music
 By the second half of the 1500s instrumental
music began to take shape
 The lute was widely used at that time
 eventually mixed instruments were used

24. Mix instruments are played

25. Renaissance Musical Instruments
 The Shawm
 The Dulcian
 The Trumpet

26. The shawm
 has a conical bore, only wider
 It has 7 to 8 finger holes
 at the end of the bore is a large bell
 was mostly used in outdoor
ceremonial events

27. Dulcian
 The dulcian is a predecessor of the shawm
 A precursor of the bassoon
 Dulcians are easier to transport than the
shawm due to its smaller size
 Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing
than the shawm

28. Trumpet
 The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet
 There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet

29. Baroque
Music Timeline (1600-1760)
 "baroque" comes from the Italian word "barocco" which
means bizarre (very strange)

30. Baroque
 a time when composers experimented with form,
styles and instruments.
 the development of opera and instrumental
music
 The violin was also considered an important
musical instrument during this time

31. Venice and the Opera
 In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to
discuss various subjects
 This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata”,

32.  The composer Claduio Monteverdi was an important
contributor, specifically his opera ”Orfeo”; the first opera to
gain public welcome

33.  In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the
first part of the century
 fairly easy to start learning
 mostly suitable for children 6 years and older
Violin

34. Viola
 The first violas are believed to have
been made in the 15th century
 During the 18th century, it was used to
play the part of the cello.
 an important member of a string
ensemble.
 It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin
 It’s functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble.
 the viola has become an integral part of every string
ensemble

35. Double Bass
 In 1516 there was an illustration closely
resembling that of a double bass.
 It is like a huge cello and is played the same
way
 By rubbing the bow across the strings
 Striking the strings
 The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments
but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz
bands.

36. The Harp
 It is surprisingly easy to start
 Not a lot of people play the harp
 Even finding a teacher may be
difficult.
 One of the most beautiful sounding instruments

37. How to Play: The musician blows air into a thin, tapered
double reed and cover or uncover the holes.
Oboe

38. Classical
Music Timeline (1730-1820)
 is characterized by simpler melodies such as the sonatas.
 The primary instrument is Piano

39. Style Galant
 a simple yet more direct style of music.
 Middle class also appreciate
 less complicated and easy to understand

40. Sentimental Style
 This style was adapted by composers
 reflected feelings and situations experienced
in daily life
 New music styles of Classical period
 It had simpler harmony and clearer tonality

41. Piano
 Bartolomeo Cristofori created
around 1709 in Florence.
 Changes in his early invention
became the basic of the modern
piano.
 very popular in the mid-18th century

42. Romantic
Music Timeline (1815-1910)
 is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an
idea
 the use of various instruments including wind instruments

43. Beethoven and Romanticism
 Wrote choral, chamber music
and opera.
 studied under Haydn,
 was also influenced by the works
of Mozart
 began to lose his hearing at age 28,
losing it completely by age 50.
 One of his most popular works is the Ninth Symphony
 He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the
ideals of Romanticism.

44. What is Romanticism?
that
from
included
music to
different art
painting to
 a concept
mediums;
literature.
 During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris
were the centers of musical activity

45. Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, by
Caspar David Friedrich
is an example of Romantic painting.
 believed in allowing their imagination and passion
 different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity
What is Romanticism?

46. The Flute

47. The Saxophone

48. The Tuba

49. 20th Century
Music Timeline (1900-2000)
 brought about many innovations on how music was
performed and appreciated
 used technology to enhance compositions

50. 20th Century Music
 is defined by the sudden emergence of
advanced technology
 no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses,
clubs, and domestic music-making

51. Rock and roll
 often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll
 evolved in the United States during the late
1940s and early 1950s
 combination of African American blues,
country, jazz and gospel music.

52.  Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument
 generally replaced by guitar in the middle to late 1950s
 now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".

53. Hip Hop Music
 also called rap music
 consisting of a stylized rhythmic music
 commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic
and rhyming speech that is chanted

54. four key stylistic elements:
 rapping, scratching, breaking and graffiti writing

55. Music has changed the world ?
 When some people get sad, they often
start listening to music, which then calms
them down
 If it wasn't for music, then this world
would've been insane

56. Music Education : http://musiced.about.com/
Medieval : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_music
Renaissance : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_music
Baroque : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music
Classical : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_period_(music)
Romantic : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_music
20th Century : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_classical_music